SMS Wespe (1860)
| History | |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=small} Prussia | |
| Name | Wespe |
| Namesake | Wasp |
| Builder | Zieske, Stettin |
| Laid down | 1859 |
| Launched | 14 February 1860 |
| Commissioned | 11 February 1864 |
| Decommissioned | 13 May 1871 |
| Stricken | 19 March 1872 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Gunboat |
| Displacement | |
| Length | 41.2 m (135 ft) |
| Beam | 6.69 m (21 ft 11 in) |
| Draft | 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in) |
| Installed power | |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) |
| Complement |
|
| Armament |
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SMS Wespe was a steam gunboat of the Jäger class built for the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s and early 1860s.
Design
[edit]The Jäger-class gunboats came about as a result of a program to strengthen the Prussian Navy in the late 1850s in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Reichsflotte and in the midst of rising tensions with Denmark. In 1859, Prince Regent Wilhelm approved a construction program for some fifty-two gunboats to be built over the next fifteen years, which began with the fifteen vessels of the Jäger class.[1]
Wespe was 41.2 meters (135 ft) long overall, with a beam of 6.69 m (21 ft 11 in) and a draft of 2.2 m (7 ft 3 in). She displaced 237 metric tons (233 long tons) normally and 283 t (279 long tons) at full load. The ship's crew consisted of 2 officers and 38 enlisted men. She was powered by a pair of marine steam engines that drove one 3-bladed screw propeller, with steam provided by four coal-fired trunk boilers, which gave her a top speed of 9.1 knots (16.9 km/h; 10.5 mph) at 220 metric horsepower (220 ihp). As built, she was equipped with a three-masted schooner rig. The ship was armed with a battery of one rifled 24-pounder muzzle-loading gun and two rifled 12-pounder muzzle-loading guns.[2][3]
Service history
[edit]Wespe, named for the German word for wasp, was built at the Zieske shipyard in Stettin. Her keel was laid down in 1859 and she was launched on 14 February 1860.[2] The ship was not commissioned upon completion,[4] and while out of service, her copper sheathing was removed from her hull so ventilation holes could be cut into the outer planking. Her entire propulsion system, including the masts and the funnel, was removed and a roof was erected over the hull to keep the elements out.[5] The preservation work was not successful, and soon after work was finished, workers discovered that her hull had already begun to mold badly, which militated against active service.[4]
After the start of the Second Schleswig War in February 1864, Wespe was commissioned under the command of Fahnrich zur See (Ensign) Karl Eduard Heusner on 11 February. She was assigned to I Flotilla Division, along with several other gunboats.[4] The flotilla was deployed on 17 March to support Captain Eduard von Jachmann's corvettes as they attempted to break the Danish blockade in the Baltic Sea, but the gunboats were only lightly engaged during the ensuing Battle of Jasmund. Jachmann had ordered them to take up a position closer to land to cover a potential withdrawal, and so they were too far to take part in the main action. Nevertheless, as the Danish steam frigate Tordenskjold arrived to reinforce the main squadron, Scorpion and the other gunboats fired on her from afar. Tordenskjold's commander ignored the gunboats and continued south to join the fight with Jachmann's corvettes, firing only a few broadsides at the gunboats in passing, with neither side scoring any hits. As the Danes continued south in pursuit of Jachmann's ships, the gunboats withdrew back to Stralsund, though they had to take Hay under tow after her engines broke down.[6] Wespe saw no further action during the war, and was decommissioned in October.[4]
Wespe was mobilized on 24 July 1870 following the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War. She soon sailed from Kiel, passed through the Eider Canal to the North Sea, and proceeded to the mouth of the Ems river.[4] She was joined there by her sister ship Natter, and the ships were based at Emden during this period. Wespe's captain, LzS Johannes Meller, was the more senior officer of the two captains, and so he exercised command of the small flotilla. The two ships were planned to operate as part of the coastal defense system in the area, which also included coastal artillery batteries on the island of Borkum, and two infantry regiments. Wespe saw no combat during the war, mainly because the French squadron in the North Sea focused its attention on the area near Helgoland. On 10 September, Wespe and Natter went to sea to observe the withdrawal of French warships from Prussia's coast. The gunboats nevertheless patrolled in the Ems area for the next several months.[7]
An armistice ended the fighting on 28 January 1871, and in February, the Prussian fleet commander, Eduard von Jachmann, ordered Natter and Wespe to join the main fleet at Wilhelmshaven.[8] Wespe thereafter returned to the Baltic, and on 13 May, she was decommissioned again at Kiel. During an inspection of the hull in 1872, the ship was found to be beyond economical repair, and she was accordingly struck from the naval register on 19 March. The ship was slated to be converted into a naval mine storage hulk, but before work began, the ship was briefly recommissioned (despite no longer officially being a naval vessel) on 22 July for brief service during gunnery practice. At the time, only her sister Hay was available for the exercises in the Kieler Förde that lasted until 5 August. Wespe was then converted, renamed Minenprahm Nr. 1 (Mine Barge No. 1), and towed to Wilhelmshaven. The details of her eventual disposal are unknown.[4]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- Embree, Michael (2007). Bismarck's First War: The Campaign of Schleswig and Jutland 1864. Solihull: Helion & Co Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906033-03-3.
- Gottschall, Terrell D. (2003). By Order of the Kaiser: Otto von Diederichs and the Rise of the Imperial German Navy, 1865–1902. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-309-1.
- Gröner, Erich (1990). German Warships: 1815–1945. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-0-87021-790-6.
- Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993). Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart [The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present] (in German). Vol. 8. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
- Lyon, David (1979). "Germany". In Gardiner, Robert; Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M. (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 240–265. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5.
- Nottelmann, Dirk (2022). "The Development of the Small Cruiser in the Imperial German Navy Part III: The Gunboats". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2022. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. pp. 63–79. ISBN 978-1-4728-4781-2.