Jump to content

Slash's Snakepit

This is a good article. Click here for more information.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Rod Jackson (musician))

Slash's Snakepit
From left to right: Mike Inez, Eric Dover, Slash, Gilby Clarke and Matt Sorum
From left to right: Mike Inez, Eric Dover, Slash, Gilby Clarke and Matt Sorum
Background information
OriginLos Angeles, California, U.S.
Genres
Years active
  • 1994 (1994)–1995
  • 1998–2002
Labels
Spinoff of
Past membersSlash
Gilby Clarke
Eric Dover
Mike Inez
Matt Sorum
James LoMenzo
Brian Tichy
Johnny Griparic
Rod Jackson
Matt Laug
Ryan Roxie
Keri Kelli

Slash's Snakepit was an American rock supergroup from Los Angeles, California, formed by Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash in 1994. Though often described as a solo or side project, Slash stated that Snakepit was a band with equal contributions by all members. The first lineup of the band consisted of Slash, two of his Guns N' Roses bandmates—drummer Matt Sorum and guitarist Gilby Clarke—as well as Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez and former Jellyfish guitarist Eric Dover on lead vocals.

Their debut album, It's Five O'Clock Somewhere, was released in 1995. For the supporting tour, Slash enlisted James LoMenzo and Brian Tichy, of Pride & Glory, in place of Inez and Sorum, who had other commitments. They played shows in the US, Europe, Japan and Australia before Geffen Records pulled their financial support for the tour, with Slash returning to Guns N' Roses and Slash's Snakepit disbanding.

Following his departure from Guns N' Roses in 1996, Slash formed the cover band Slash's Blues Ball. After a tour in 1997, Slash approached Blues Ball bassist Johnny Griparic about forming a new lineup of Slash's Snakepit. The new lineup consisted of Slash, Griparic, singer Rod Jackson, guitarist Ryan Roxie, and drummer Matt Laug (Roxie and Laug were both former members of Alice Cooper's solo band). They recorded and released their second album, entitled Ain't Life Grand, in 2000, which was preceded by a tour supporting AC/DC and followed by their own headlining tour. For the tour, Keri Kelli joined the group in place of Ryan Roxie, who departed following the completion of the album. However, after the final show, Slash disbanded Snakepit due to a lack of commitment from his band members. Shortly after, Slash formed Velvet Revolver in 2002, along with drummer Matt Sorum, and Bassist Duff McKagan, both fellows Guns N' Roses members.

History

[edit]

Formation (1993–1994)

[edit]

Following the two and a half year world tour in support of the albums Use Your Illusion I and Use Your Illusion II,[1][2] Guns N' Roses guitarist Slash returned to Los Angeles.[2] He soon sold his home, the Walnut House, and moved to Mulholland Drive.[3] He built a small home studio, nicknamed The Snakepit,[4] over his garage and began working on demos for songs he had written during the tour.[3][5] Slash worked on the demos with Guns N' Roses bandmate and drummer Matt Sorum. They were later joined by guitarist Gilby Clarke and Alice in Chains bassist Mike Inez, jamming and recording most nights.[3][5] Slash played the demos for Guns N' Roses singer Axl Rose who rejected the material,[3][4][5] though he would later want to use them for the next Guns N' Roses album.[5] They had recorded twelve songs by 1994,[6] the same year that Guns N' Roses went on hiatus.[4]

Slash decided to record the Snakepit demos with Sorum, Clarke and Inez,[7] later adding former Jellyfish live guitarist Eric Dover as lead vocalist.[5][7][8] The decision to record with Dover led to a disagreement between Slash and Sorum, due to Slash not seeking Sorum's approval before hiring Dover.[8]

It's Five O'Clock Somewhere and breakup (1994–1996)

[edit]

Slash and Dover wrote the lyrics to all twelve songs with Slash using the songwriting to vent his frustrations at Guns N' Roses singer Rose.[8] Clarke contributed the song "Monkey Chow" to the album[9] while "Jizz da Pit" is an instrumental by Slash and Inez.[9] They recorded the album at Conway Recording Studios and The Record Plant[9] with Mike Clink[8] and Slash co-producing[9] and Steven Thompson and Michael Barbiero mixing,[9] all of whom had worked with Guns N' Roses on their debut album Appetite for Destruction.[10][11] The album featured contributions by Duff McKagan (who co-wrote "Beggars & Hangers-On"),[4][12] Dizzy Reed on keyboards,[12] Teddy Andreadis on harmonica, and Paulinho da Costa on percussion.[9] Slash's brother, Ash Hudson, designed the album's cover.[4]

The resulting album, titled It's Five O'Clock Somewhere, was released in February 1995 through Geffen Records.[13] The album's title was taken from a phrase Slash overheard at an airport.[4] At the insistence of the record label, the album was released under the name Slash's Snakepit, instead of The Snakepit, despite Slash not wanting his name used.[4] Upon release, the album charted at number 70 on the Billboard 200[14] and number 15 on the UK Albums Chart.[4] "Beggars & Hangers-On" was released as the first, and only, single from the album;[15] while a music video was also shot for "Good to Be Alive", directed by August Jakobsson.[8][16]

"We were in the midst of booking another leg when I was informed by Geffen that they'd sold a million copies of It's Five O'Clock Somewhere and had turned a profit so they saw no reason for me to continue our tour. I was to return to L.A. because Axl was ready to begin working on the next Guns N' Roses record. They'd thought it through: in case I objected, they made it clear that the financial tour support for Snakepit was over."[17]

—Slash on Geffen pulling tour support.

Critically, the album received mainly positive reviews. Metal Hammer stated that "the sleazy, downtrodden blues hard rock [...] breaks new ground."[4] AllMusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine called Slash's contributions "quite amazing", though criticized the song-writing, stating "it's too bad that nobody in the band bothered to write any songs."[13] Devon Jackson of Entertainment Weekly described the album as "relaxed headbanging and Southern-tinged blues-rock"[18] while Classic Rock reviewer Malcolm Dome stated "musically, it's a loose-limbed record that has a lot of heavy guitar-led punk-style pop-rock."[4] Slash's Snakepit toured in support of the album, with bassist James LoMenzo and drummer Brian Tichy, of Pride & Glory, replacing Inez and Sorum,[4][7][15] who had opted out of touring, with Sorum returning to Guns N' Roses.[4] They toured the US, Europe, Japan and Australia[15] with Slash stating that "for the first time in years, touring was easy, [his] band mates were loads of fun and low on drama, and every gig was about playing rock and roll."[17] While booking another leg of the tour, Slash was informed by Geffen that Rose was ready to begin work on the new Guns N' Roses album and that he was to return to Los Angeles.[17] Geffen pulled financial support for the band's tour with Slash's Snakepit disbanding soon after.[17]

Slash's Blues Ball and reformation (1996–1999)

[edit]

Slash departed Guns N' Roses in 1996,[7][19] due to musical differences between himself and singer Axl Rose.[7][20] Following his departure, Slash toured Japan for two weeks with Chic,[21] and worked on the soundtrack to the film Curdled.[22] He later began touring in a blues cover band that eventually became Slash's Blues Ball.[5][7][23] Aside from Slash, the band consisted of Teddy Andreadis, guitarist Bobby Schneck, bassist Johnny Griparic, saxophonist Dave McClarem and drummer Alvino Bennett.[7][23] The band toured on and off until 1998,[7] which included a headline slot at a jazz festival in Budapest.[23] They covered various artists and bands such as B.B. King, Steppenwolf, Otis Redding, as well as Guns N' Roses and early Slash's Snakepit material.[7][23]

Following a tour in 1997,[24] Slash approached Griparic about forming a new lineup of Slash's Snakepit[23] They began looking for a singer,[24] receiving over 300 audition tapes[23] from mostly unknown singers.[24] Jon Stevens of Noiseworks, who had been recording with Slash, was seen as a potential singer in early 1998.[25] However, he returned to Australia to continue his solo career.[25] They eventually chose Rod Jackson (earlier of Virginia-based band Ragdoll) after Griparic played a tape of him for Slash.[26] Completing the lineup were guitarist Ryan Roxie, formerly of Alice Cooper, and drummer Matt Laug, also from Alice Cooper and the band Venice.[4][5][7][27] They began rehearsing at Mates Studio before rehearsing and recording in Slash's new home studio in Beverly Hills.[25][27]

Ain't Life Grand and second breakup (1999–2002)

[edit]

The band began recording material with producer Jack Douglas[4][29] at Slash's home studio as well as Ocean Way Recording.[30] The recording featured contributions by Teddy Andreadis, Jimmy Zavala and Lee Thornburg, amongst others.[30][31] Initially, the label was positive about the album,[32] setting a release date for February 22, 2000.[33] However, when Slash was informed by Geffen, who had folded into Interscope Records, that the album was not the type of music the label produced, he bought the album back[32] and signed a deal with Koch Records.[34] Following the completion of the album, Roxie departed the band[4] with former Big Bang Babies, Warrant and Ratt guitarist Keri Kelli joining in his place.[5][7]

Ain't Life Grand was released on October 20, 2000[4][35] through Koch[34][35] with "Mean Bone" released as the first single.[36] The album did not sell as well as its predecessor,[4] and critical reception to it was mixed. Entertainment Weekly reviewer Tony Scherman stated that "Slash's playing is as flashily incendiary as ever, but the songs and arrangements recycle hard-rock cliches worthier of Ratt than of a bona fide guitar god".[37] Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone noted that "great guitarists need great bands, and the Snakepit dudes are barely functional backup peons".[38] Steve Huey of Allmusic noted that "the new Snakepit does kick up a lot of noise as the album rushes by, and the strong chemistry between the members is immediately obvious". However, he stated that songwriting was the main problem, and that "it never rises above the level of solid, and too many tracks are by-the-numbers hard rock at best (and pedestrian at worst)".[28] The band were dropped by Koch two months following the album's release.[39]

Prior to the album's release, Slash's Snakepit supported AC/DC on their Stiff Upper Lip tour from August to September,[34][35] followed by their own headlining tour of theaters.[39] They played only the first two shows on the winter leg of AC/DC's tour.[36] After falling ill and checking into a hospital in Pittsburgh,[40][41] Slash was ordered by his doctor to stay at home to recuperate, reportedly from pneumonia.[36] Due to this, Slash's Snakepit pulled out of supporting AC/DC in early 2001.[36] Slash later revealed in his self-titled biography that he had actually suffered cardiac myopathy caused by years of alcohol and drug abuse, with his heart swelling to the point of rupture.[40] After being fitted with a defibrillator and undergoing physical therapy, Slash returned to the group to continue touring.[40][41] They later rescheduled their US tour, performing shows from June 16 – July 18,[41][42][43] co-headlining three shows with Billy Idol.[41][44][40] Following the tour, Slash hid in the tour bus, waiting for the rest of the band to go home. He then announced the disbanding of Slash's Snakepit in an announcement made in early 2002. He cited, in particular, Jackson's poor work ethic and unreliability.[45][46]

Post–breakup activities

[edit]

Following the breakup of Slash's Snakepit, Slash announced he was to begin working on a solo album.[46] Instead he later worked with The Black Crowes drummer Steve Gorman and an unnamed bassist on a new project.[47] Together with his former Guns N' Roses bandmates Duff McKagan and Matt Sorum, they formed The Project, that eventually became the hard rock supergroup Velvet Revolver following the addition of former Wasted Youth guitarist Dave Kushner, and then-former Stone Temple Pilots singer Scott Weiland.[48] They released their debut album Contraband, in 2004,[48] followed by Libertad in 2007,[48] before they parted ways with Weiland and went on hiatus in 2008.[49] With Velvet Revolver on hiatus, Slash began work on his debut solo album.[50] Slash was released on March 31, 2010, and featured a number of guests such as Andrew Stockdale of Wolfmother, M. Shadows of Avenged Sevenfold, Kid Rock, Ozzy Osbourne, Myles Kennedy of Alter Bridge, and Fergie.[51] His band for the tour in support of the album consisted of Kennedy, bassist Todd Kerns, and drummer Brent Fitz. It also included guitarist Bobby Schneck, formerly of Slash's Blues Ball.[52]

Musical style

[edit]

Slash's Snakepit's music was often described as hard rock[4][28][37] and blues rock[4][12][28] with elements of southern rock.[12][18] The band were also often described as Slash's solo or side project[12][13][53] though Slash maintained that they were a band, stating "everybody wrote, everybody had equal input even though I had my name on it."[54] Rolling Stone reviewer J.D. Considine noted the differences between Guns N' Roses and Slash's Snakepit on their first album, stating that "Guns [N]' Roses typically treat the melody as the most important part of the song, most of what slithers out of the Snakepit emphasizes the playing."[12] He noted that singer Eric Dover "conveys the raw-throated intensity of a hard-rock frontman" and "he avoids the genre's most obvious excesses."[12] The riff to "Good to Be Alive" drew a comparison to Chuck Berry while the musicianship on the album was praised.[12] Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic stated that "there's little argument that Slash is a great guitarist" who is "capable of making rock and blues clichés sound fresh".[13] Reviewing Ain't Life Grand for Allmusic, Steve Huey described second singer Rod Jackson as "a combination of '80s pop-metal bluster and Faces-era Rod Stewart" with a "touch of Aerosmith", a description that he felt also fitted the band as a whole.[28] He noted, though, that Slash's guitar playing was "tame" and stated that the main problem of the album was the songwriting, though it was "still a passable, workmanlike record that will definitely appeal to fans of grimy, old-school hard rock."[28] Malcolm Dome of Classic Rock stated that "from the moment that "Been There Lately" opens, there's a vibe here that was missing before" and that Ain't Life Grand showed "purpose, direction and individuality."[4]

Personnel

[edit]
Final line-up
  • Slash – lead guitar (1994–1995, 1998–2002)
  • Rod Jackson – lead vocals (1998–2002)
  • Johnny Griparic – bass, backing vocals (1998–2002)
  • Matt Laug – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1998–2002)
  • Keri Kelli – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2000–2002)
Former members

Timeline

[edit]

Discography

[edit]

Studio albums

[edit]
List of studio albums, with selected details and chart positions
Title Album details Peak chart positions
US
[55]
AUS
[56]
AUT
[57]
CAN
[58]
GER
[59]
NED
[60]
NOR
[61]
SWE
[62]
SWI
[63]
UK
[64]
It's Five O'Clock Somewhere
  • Released: February 14, 1995
  • Label: Geffen
  • Formats: CD, LP, CS
70 26 15 19 19 19 27 11 15 15
Ain't Life Grand
  • Released: October 10, 2000
  • Label: Koch
  • Format: CD
56 58 96 146

Singles

[edit]
List of singles, with selected chart positions
Title Year Peak chart positions Album
US
Main.

[65]
AUS
[56]
"Beggars & Hangers-On" 1995 21 85 It's Five O'Clock Somewhere
"Good to Be Alive"
"Been There Lately" 2000 Ain't Life Grand
"Mean Bone"

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 337. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  2. ^ a b Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 372. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  3. ^ a b c d Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 373. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Dome, Malcolm (2010), "Classic Rock presents Slash: The Serpent's Tale", Classic Rock, p. 120, ISBN 978-1-85870-318-3
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Tinelli, Paul. "Slash's Snakepit Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  6. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 374. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Huey, Steve. "Slash Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  8. ^ a b c d e Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  9. ^ a b c d e f It's Five O'Clock Somewhere (CD booklet). Slash's Snakepit. Geffen Records. 1995.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  10. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  11. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. pp. 177. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Considine, J.D. (February 23, 1995). "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere by Slash's Snakepit". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  13. ^ a b c d Thomas Erlewine, Stephen. "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere Review". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  14. ^ "Slash's Snakepit Charts and Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  15. ^ a b c Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 376. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  16. ^ Garcia, Alex S (ed.). "mvdbase.com - Slash's Snakepit - "Good to be alive"". mdvbase.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved June 8, 2011.
  17. ^ a b c d Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 381. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  18. ^ a b Jackson, Devon (June 22, 2007). "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere (1995)". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  19. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 394. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  20. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. pp. 386, 388, 391. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  21. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. pp. 397. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  22. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. pp. 399. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 404. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  24. ^ a b c "Slash: Making His Mark Without Guns". MTV. June 30, 1997. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  25. ^ a b c Saidman, Sorelle (July 17, 2000). "INXS To Tour Down Under". MTV. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  26. ^ Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 405. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  27. ^ a b Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  28. ^ a b c d e f Huey, Steve. "Ain't Life Grand Review". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  29. ^ "Slash To Record With Jack Douglas; Duff McKagan Regroups". MTV. June 8, 1999. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  30. ^ a b Ain't Life Grand (CD booklet). Slash's Snakepit. Koch Records. 2000.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  31. ^ "Ain't Life Grand Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  32. ^ a b Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 407. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  33. ^ Saidman, Sorelle (December 15, 1999). "Slash Says "Ain't Life Grand!"". MTV. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  34. ^ a b c Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 408. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  35. ^ a b c Mancini, Robert (July 14, 2000). "Slash Lands Slot On AC/DC Tour". MTV. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  36. ^ a b c d Kemp, Rob (March 27, 2001). "Pneumonia Knocks Slash's Snakepit Off AC/DC Tour". MTV. Archived from the original on March 19, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  37. ^ a b Scherman, Tony (October 20, 2000). "Ain't Life Grand (2010)". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  38. ^ Sheffield, Rob (October 12, 2000). "Ain't Life Grand by Slash's Snakepit". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  39. ^ a b Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 409. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  40. ^ a b c d Slash; Bozza, Anthony (2007). Slash. HarperCollins. p. 410. ISBN 978-0-00-725775-1.
  41. ^ a b c d Wiederhorn, Jon (May 31, 2001). "Slash Back On Tour With All Guns Blazing". MTV. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  42. ^ "Archive News". Blabbermouth.net. May 26, 2001. Archived from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  43. ^ "Archive News". Blabbermouth.net. June 8, 2001. Archived from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  44. ^ "Archive News". Blabbermouth.net. June 4, 2001. Archived from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  45. ^ 405
  46. ^ a b "SLASH'S SNAKEPIT Officially Over, Slash Pursues Solo CD, Izzy Collaboration". Blabbermouth.net. January 8, 2002. Archived from the original on May 25, 2024. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  47. ^ Rosen, Steven (February 11, 2006). "Velvet Revolver: 'We're Straight Up F—kin? Rock'. Part 2". Ultimate Guitar Archive. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  48. ^ a b c Loftus, Johnny. "Velvet Revolver Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  49. ^ "It's Official: VELVET REVOLVER Parts Ways With Singer SCOTT WEILAND". Blabbermouth.net. April 1, 2008. Archived from the original on April 4, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  50. ^ Wall, Mick (2010), "Classic Rock presents Slash: What Friends Are For", Classic Rock, p. 11, ISBN 978-1-85870-318-3
  51. ^ "Slash album track by track". MusicRadar. March 4, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  52. ^ Bosso, Joe (November 30, 2010). "Interview: Myles Kennedy talks Alter Bridge, Slash and Led Zeppelin". MusicRadar. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  53. ^ Uhelszki, Jaan (October 10, 2000). "For Slash, Life After Guns Is Grand". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  54. ^ Rosen, Steven (March 20, 2010). "Slash: 'I Needed To Do Something Where I Was A Captain Of My Own Ship'". Ultimate Guitar Archive. Archived from the original on October 6, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  55. ^ "Billboard 200: Slash Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  56. ^ a b Australian (ARIA) chart peaks:
  57. ^ "Discographie Slash". austriancharts.at (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  58. ^ "Top Albums/CDs - Volume 61, No. 4: Feb 27, 1995". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. July 22, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  59. ^ "Discographie Slash". germancharts.de (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved April 20, 2017.
  60. ^ "Discografie Slash". dutchcharts.nl (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  61. ^ "Discography Slash". norwegiancharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  62. ^ "Discography Slash". swedishcharts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  63. ^ "Slash". hitparade.ch (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  64. ^ "Chart Log UK: 1994–2010: DJ S – The System Of Life". zobbel.de. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
  65. ^ "Mainstream Rock: March 18, 1995". Billboard. Retrieved January 2, 2017.
[edit]