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Retargetable graphics

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Retargetable graphics[1][2] (abbreviated as RTG) is a device driver API mainly used by third-party graphics hardware to interface with AmigaOS via a set of libraries.[3] The software libraries may include software tools to adjust resolution, screen colors, pointers, and screenmodes. It will use available hardware and will not extend the capabilities in any way.

The Amiga OS 3.x intuition.library is limited to 8-bit display depths, but RTG libraries make it possible to handle higher depths such as 24 bits; on Amiga there are two common APIs: Picasso 96 and CyberGraphX, which are almost compatible with each other. Both Picasso 96 and CyberGraphX require at least 4 MB RAM and a 68020 CPU to operate.

EGS and other early graphics card drivers

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Commodore planned to introduce retargetable graphics in future version of AmigaOS (4.0),[4] but the company was not able to deliver such solution before its demise. Third-party graphics card manufacturers were thus forced to create their own software layers on top of AmigaOS, incompatible with each other. Most of these early Amiga graphics card drivers shared common limitations: compatibility with current applications was maintained by opening Workbench (or also other application screens, also known as "Workbench emulation") on the graphics card—usually in 16 (under AmigaOS 2.x) or 256 colours (under AmigaOS 3.x); full graphics card features like high-colour (15- or 16-bit) and true-colour (24- or 32-bit) display could be used only by applications directly programmed for such driver software. Earliest of these solutions like Grafexa and SAGE libraries[5] were able to display only their own applications on the graphics card without any support for "Workbench emulation". Examples of other drivers are EGS, Merlin/Domino,[6] Omnibus,[7] Retina[8] (which should be able even to display Workbench in 24 bit colour),[9] Graffity,[10] Picasso, and ProBench. Of these, Picasso offered good compatibility with older applications, because most OS-compliant programs could be promoted to graphics card display,[11] and relatively strong software support.[3] ProBench (by ProDev) was released as a new "Workbench emulator" for the old Merlin graphics card in 1994,[12] and version 3 (1996) introduced 16 bit colour depth and compatibility with CyberGraphX.[13][14]

Enhanced Graphics System (EGS) was developed by Viona Development using the Cluster language (a Modula-2 derivative) for Piccolo and Spectrum graphics boards, supporting screen depths up to 24 bits. It requires a minimum of 2 MB RAM and 4–5 MB of hard disk space.[15] EGS was first presented with the EGS 110/24 card (GVP) at the World of Commodore/Amiga show in New York in April 1992.[16] It supported a broader range of graphics cards than other drivers and was seen by some Amiga magazines as the next RTG standard for Amiga, but its compatibility with most Amiga applications was limited.[17][18][19]

Graphic card Expansion type Graphic chip
EGS 110/24 GVP LocalBus INMOS G364 framebuffer
EGS 28/24 Zorro II / III Cirrus Logic GD5426
Retina Zorro II NCR 77C22E+
Visiona Zorro II IMS G300C
Piccolo Zorro II / III Cirrus Logic GD5426
Piccolo SD64 Zorro II / III Cirrus Logic GD5434
Rainbow Zorro II
Rainbow II Zorro II Analog Devices ADV7120
Rainbow III Zorro III Inmos G365

CyberGraphX

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Main article: CyberGraphX

CyberGraphX (pronounced "cybergraphics" and often abbreviated as "CGX"), is a retargetable graphics API for the Amiga and compatible computer systems developed by Thomas Sontowski and Frank Mariak and later adopted by Phase5 for use with their graphics cards.[20] Many other graphics card manufacturers that offered hardware for Amiga and compatible systems also used it.

Introduced in 1995 with the CyberVision64 graphics card (Phase5), CyberGraphX was the first RTG software to allow full true-colour screens for Workbench and applications—older solutions supported only 256 colours (e.g. Picasso) or a four-colour Workbench with some 24-bit windows (Retina).[21] CyberGraphX quickly eclipsed all older graphics card drivers and by 1995 was acclaimed as the best solution for displaying Workbench and other applications. Being available free of charge for users of supported cards, it became the de facto RTG standard for Amiga.[22] CyberGraphX V4[23] was the last release for AmigaOS; MorphOS uses CyberGraphX V5.

Supported graphic cards

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These graphic cards are supported by CyberGraphX:

Graphic card Expansion type Graphic chip
3DFX Voodoo3 2000 PCI Avenger
3DFX Voodoo3 3000 Avenger
3DFX Voodoo3 3500 Avenger
3DFX Voodoo4 4500 Napalm
3DFX Voodoo5 5500 Napalm
A2410 Texas Instruments TMS34010
Amiga AGA Internal PCB Lisa
ATI Radeon 7000VE RV100
ATI Radeon 7200 R100
ATI Radeon 7500 RV200
ATI Radeon 8500 LE R200
ATI Radeon 9000 RV250
ATI Radeon 9000 Pro RV250
ATI Radeon 9100 R200
ATI Radeon 9100 LE R200
ATI Radeon 9200 SE RV280
ATI Radeon 9200 RV280
ATI Radeon 9200 Pro RV280
ATI Radeon 9250 RV280
ATI Radeon 9600 Pro RV350
ATI Radeon 9600 XT RV360
ATI Radeon 9700 Pro R300
ATI Radeon 9800 R350
ATI Rage 128 Pro
BlizzardVisionPPC Permedia 2
CyberVision64/3D Zorro II/Zorro III[24] S3 ViRGE
CyberVision64 Zorro III[25] S3 Trio64
CyberVisionPPC Permedia 2
DraCo Altais DracoBus Symbios Logic 77C32BLT
DraCo Altais Plus DracoBus S3 Trio 64 V+
Domino
PicassoII Zorro II[26] Cirrus Logic GD5426
PicassoII+ Cirrus Logic GD5428
PicassoIV Zorro II/Zorro III Cirrus Logic GD5446
Piccolo
Piccolo SD64 Cirrus Logic GD5434
Pixel64
Retina BLT Z3 Zorro III Symbios Logic 77C32BLT
Spectrum
XGI Volari V3XT
XGI Volari V5
XGI Volari V5XT
XGI Volari V8
SiS 300 / 305
SiS 315
SiS 6326

Picasso96

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Picasso96[27] is the RTG device driver library set used by the Picasso IV and other graphics boards. Its development was started in 1996 by Village Tronic, and it is compatible with CyberGraphX.[28] Although the first releases were ridden with bugs and stability problems,[29] by version 1.17 most issues with Picasso96 were corrected. Compatibility with CyberGraphX was also improved.[30]

Picasso96 was selected as the RTG standard for AmigaOS 4, at first released as a 68k binary in AmigaOS 4.0 pre-release,[31] with a full PowerPC port following later in 2004 in the next OS update.[32] AmigaOS 4.1 Final Edition (2014) integrated RTG functions directly into graphics.library.[citation needed]

Supported graphic cards

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These graphic cards are supported by the Picasso96 system available for 68K based Amiga systems:

Graphic card Expansion type Graphic chip
CyberVisionPPC Custom/PCI bridge Permedia2
Cybervision64/3D Zorro II/Zorro III S3 Virge[33]
Cybervision64 Zorro III S3 86C764 Trio64[34]
Domino Zorro II Tseng Labs ET4000
Merlin Zorro II/III Tseng Labs ET4000W32
oMniBus Zorro II+ISA Tseng Labs ET4000AX
PicassoII Zorro II[26] Cirrus Logic GD5426
PicassoII+ Zorro II Cirrus Logic GD5428
PicassoIV Zorro II/Zorro III Cirrus Logic GD5446
Piccolo Zorro II/III Cirrus Logic GD5426
Piccolo SD64 Zorro II/III Cirrus Logic GD5434
Pixel64 Custom/AteoBus Cirrus Logic GD5434
GBA PII++ Zorro II Cirrus Logic GD5434
Altais Custom/DracoBus NCR77C32BLT
Retina Z2 Zorro II NCR77C22E
Retina BLT Z3 Zorro II NCR77C32BLT
Visiona Zorro II INMOS G300
GVP EGS 110 Custom/GVP Combo CPU bus INMOS G364
EGS 28/24 Spectrum Zorro II/III Cirrus Logic GD5426
A2410 Zorro II/III TMS34010
RainbowII Zorro II ADV7120
FrameMaster Zorro II ADV7120
UAEgfx Host OS Emulated[35]
VA2000 ZorroII Custom/FPGA
ZZ9000 Zorro II/Zorro III Custom/FPGA
Voodoo Banshee PCI 3dfx Voodoo Banshee
Voodoo 3 PCI 3dfx Voodoo 3
Voodoo 4/5 PCI 3dfx Voodoo 4/5
IndiVision ECSv4 Denise socket Custom/FPGA

Supported graphic cards on PPC systems

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Picasso96 as used by AmigaOS 4 supports also Voodoo 3, Voodoo 4/5, and Radeon R100, R200, R300,[36] R520 (X1000 series), R700 (HD 4000 series), HD 5000 (Evergreen) series, HD 6000 (Northern Islands) series, and HD 7000 (Southern Islands) series.[37] The RadeonHD AmigaOS 4 driver is created and maintained by Hans de Ruiter.[38] Ongoing development of the driver for the AmigaOS platform being exclusively funded and owned by A-EON Technology Ltd.

In 2017, rights on the Picasso96 system for classic 68K Amiga Systems were bought by Individual Computers (iComp).[39] iComp added features such as screen dragging in version 3.0.0[40] and multi-monitor support in version 3.1.0 (Amiga OCS/ECS/AGA screen and RTG screen active at the same time).[41]

RTG Master

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The higher level API was created by Steffen Haeuser for developing 2D and 3D games requiring chunky graphics. RTG Master supports both graphics cards (with CyberGraphX, Picasso II, Picasso96 or EGS compatible drivers) and the Amiga chipset (ECS or AGA). An example of game using RTG Master is Genetic Species.[42][43]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Green, Chris (3–7 September 1991). Retargetable Graphics (PDF). North American Amiga Developers Conference. Denver: Commodore-Amiga. sec. 26. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
  2. ^ Commodore Electronics, Ltd. (1993). Retargetable Graphics Specification. 1993 International Amiga Developers Conference. Orlando: Commodore-Amiga. p. 419. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  3. ^ a b Goodwin, Simon (September 1997). "RTG". Amiga Format. No. 101. Future Publishing. pp. 24–27. ISSN 0957-4867.
  4. ^ Leemon, Sheldon (February 1993). "Devices & Desires, The Future: Retargetable Graphics". Amiga World. Vol. 9, no. 2. IDG Publishing. p. 38. ISSN 0883-2390.
  5. ^ Whiteley, Gary (December 1992). "Face up to a bright future". Amiga Format Special. No. 2. Future Publishing. p. 93.
  6. ^ Janin, Lucas (March 1993). "Domino". AmigaNews (in French). No. 55. NewsEdition. pp. 48–49. ISSN 1164-1746.
  7. ^ Roman, Times (April 1993). "Notes From The Nets, More Graphics, Goodies". Amiga News. Vol. 2, no. 3. Portable Computing International. p. 6. ISSN 1063-8458.
  8. ^ Nakakihara, Douglas J. (October 1993). "Retina". Amazing Computing. Vol. 8, no. 10. PiM Publications. pp. 14–15. ISSN 0886-9480.
  9. ^ Ryan, John (July 1993). "Retina". Amiga World. Vol. 9, no. 7. IDG Publishing. pp. 68–69. ISSN 0883-2390.
  10. ^ "En bref, BSC, Graffity". AmigaNews (in French). No. 61. NewsEdition. October 1993. p. 8. ISSN 1164-1746.
  11. ^ Atkin, Denny (January 1994). "Picasso II". Amiga World. Vol. 10, no. 1. IDG Publishing. pp. 16–18. ISSN 0883-2390.
  12. ^ Ulrich Flegel (June 16, 1994). "X-Pert is dead - Merlin alive". Newsgroup: comp.sys.amiga.hardware. Usenet: 1994Jun16.113448@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  13. ^ "ProBench 3 documentation in English" (AmigaGuide in lha archive). aminet.net. October 21, 1996. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
  14. ^ "ProBench v3.0". Amiga Info (in Swedish). Vol. 1, no. 6. X-Files Media. 1996. ISSN 1401-4661.
  15. ^ "EGS FAQ". Amiga Report International Online Magazine. Vol. 2, no. 5. February 4, 1994. Retrieved 2016-11-23.
  16. ^ Atkin, Denny (July 1992). "GVP Steal the show". Amiga Computing. No. 50. Europress Publications. p. 14. ISSN 0959-9630.
  17. ^ Kennedy, Stevie (Christmas 1993). "Bundle of joy, Piccolo graphics card". Amiga Computing. No. 68. Europress Publications. pp. 60–61. ISSN 0959-9630.
  18. ^ Johnson, Dave (April 1994). "EGS 28/24 Spectrum". Amiga World. Vol. 10, no. 4. IDG Publishing. pp. 12–13. ISSN 0883-2390.
  19. ^ Janin, Lucas (May 1995). "Piccolo-SD64". AmigaNews (in French). No. 79. NewsEdition. pp. 20–21. ISSN 1164-1746.
  20. ^ Němec, Luboš (January 1996). "CyberVision64 & CyberGraphX (podruhé)". Amiga Review (in Czech). No. 12. Atlantida Publishing. pp. 17–19. ISSN 1211-1465.
  21. ^ Austin, Paul (September 1995). "A vision of the future". Amiga Computing. No. 90. IDG Media. pp. 48–50. ISSN 0959-9630.
  22. ^ Thieullet, Cyrille (October 1995). "Comparatif des cartes graphiques, Cinq cartes sous la loupe". AmigaNews (in French). No. 83. NewsEdition. pp. 26–28. ISSN 1164-1746.
  23. ^ Veitch, Nick (January 1999). "CyberGraphX 4". Amiga Format. No. 119. Future Publishing. p. 52. ISSN 0957-4867.
  24. ^ amiga.resource.cx - Amiga Hardware Database - Phase 5 Digital Products CyberVision 64/3D, read 2016-12-13
  25. ^ amiga.resource.cx - Amiga Hardware Database - Phase 5 Digital Products CyberVision 64, read 2016-12-13
  26. ^ a b amiga.resource.cx - Amiga Hardware Database - Village Tronic Picasso II, read 2012-08-24
  27. ^ Abt, Tobias (1999-11-17). "Picasso96 for Amiga graphics boards". Aminet. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
  28. ^ Picasso96 rtg software
  29. ^ Němec, Luboš (March 1997). "Picasso IV". Amiga Review (in Czech). No. 26. Atlantida Publishing. pp. 14–15. ISSN 1211-1465.
  30. ^ Němec, Luboš (June 1997). "Picasso IV & Picasso96, blýská se na lepší časy?". Amiga Review (in Czech). No. 29. Atlantida Publishing. p. 9. ISSN 1211-1465.
  31. ^ Zonias, Kymon (July 2004). "Pre-release AmigaOS 4.0". Amiga Future (in German). No. 49. APC&TCP. p. 37.
  32. ^ Sutton, Mick; Williams, Robert (Winter 2004). "Amiga OS 4 Update" (PDF). Total Amiga. No. 19. South Essex Amiga Link. p. 18.
  33. ^ "Phase 5 Digital Products CyberVision 64/3D - Amiga Hardware Database".
  34. ^ "Phase 5 Digital Products CyberVision 64 - Amiga Hardware Database".
  35. ^ "P96 - IndividualComputers".
  36. ^ "AmigaOS 4.1 Hardware Compatibility List". Acube Systems. 2012-11-25. Retrieved 2014-05-08.
  37. ^ "RadeonHD Version 1.0" (PDF) (Press release). Cardiff: A-EON Technology. 2014-03-27. Retrieved 2016-09-03.
  38. ^ "RadeonHD Driver". Retrieved 2017-03-26.
  39. ^ "Individual Computers confirms ownership of Picasso96 software" (Press release). Individual Computers. amiga-news.de. 2018-12-23. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  40. ^ "Event: Video and reports of AmiWest 2020 (update)". Amiga-News.de. 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2022-08-06.
  41. ^ "RTG-Driver: P96 v3.1.0". Amiga-News.de. 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
  42. ^ Němec, Luboš (June 1997). "RTGMaster Library". Amiga Review (in Czech). No. 29. Atlantida Publishing. pp. 28–29. ISSN 1211-1465.
  43. ^ "Aminet - Search".
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