Ravina II
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Ravina II or Rabina II (Hebrew: אבינא בריה דרב הונא or רבינא האחרון; died 475 CE or 500 CE)[1] was a Babylonian rabbi of the 5th century (seventh and eighth generations of amoraim). Rabina is a traditional portmanteau of the title Rav and the personal name Abina, a form of the Aramaic word for "father" (compare Abuna, Abaye, Abin, Abahu, Abba, Rava, Rabin).
The Talmud says that "Ravina" and Rav Ashi were "the end of instruction",[2] which is traditionally interpreted to mean that the two were responsible for redacting the Babylonian Talmud. Most scholars agree that this "Ravina" was Ravina II, the son of Huna bar Abin HaKohen, and not Ravina I, the colleague of Rav Ashi who died before Rav Ashi.[3]
Biography
[edit]He did not remember his father Huna, who died while Ravina was still a child, but the Talmud states several times that his mother communicated to him the opinions held by his father.[4] After his father's death, his maternal uncle Ravina I became his guardian.[5]
Ravina II officiated as judge at Sura shortly after Rav Ashi's death,[6] and was a colleague of Mar bar Rav Ashi,[7] although he was not so prominent. After Rabbah Tosafa'ah's death, Ravina became, for a year (474), director of the Sura Academy.[8] Simultaneously, Rabbah Jose served as head of the Pumbedita academy. Ravina served as leader of the Jewish community in Babylonia for 22 years. One year before his death, all the Babylonian synagogues were closed, and Jewish infants were handed over to the Magians.[9] He died on the 13th of Kislev in 474/475[10] or 499/500 CE.[11]
References
[edit]- ^ The discrepancy in the date of death stems from the author of Dorot HaRishonim who puts Ravina's death at 475 CE, and Rabbi Sherira Gaon who, in his Iggeret of Rabbi Sherira Gaon (original Aramaic text), puts his death in 811 of the Seleucid era, a year corresponding to anno 500 CE. According to Sherira Gaon, the end of the Talmudic redaction is marked by the death of Ravina II (see: Gaon, Sherira (1988). The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. p. 116. OCLC 923562173.).
- ^ Bava Metzia 86a
- ^ Sherira Gaon (1988). The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. p. 79. OCLC 923562173., s.v. Ravina, who cites Rabbi HaLevi, vol. 6, chaps. 4-7, who, in turn, cites Rabbi Sherira Gaon in ch. 11, p. 116.
- ^ Berachot 39b; Menachot 68b
- ^ Ketuvot 100b
- ^ Ketuvot 69a
- ^ Menachot 37b; Berachot 36a
- ^ Abraham ibn Daud "Sefer ha-Ḳabbalah," in Neubauer, "M. J. C." i. 61
- ^ Sherira Gaon (1988). The Iggeres of Rav Sherira Gaon. Translated by Nosson Dovid Rabinowich. Jerusalem: Rabbi Jacob Joseph School Press - Ahavath Torah Institute Moznaim. p. 118. OCLC 923562173.; cf. Widengen, G. (1963). "The Status of the Jews in the Sassanian Empire". Iranica Antiqua I: 142–143.
- ^ Abraham ibn Daud, Sefer haKabbalah
- ^ Sherira Gaon Neubauer, l.c. i. 34
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "RABINA II. (B. HUNA)". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
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