Radwan (bishop of Poznań)
Radwan | |
|---|---|
| Church | Roman Catholic Church |
| Archdiocese | Poznań |
| See | Poznań |
| Predecessor | Bernard |
| Successor | Cherubin |
| Orders | |
| Rank | bishop |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1172 |
Radwan (Radowan) (died 1172) was a bishop of Poznań.
Nothing is known about his origin and family. He was a chancellor of duke Mieszko III Stary (mentioned in 1152/1153) and later, probably in 1164, became a bishop of Poznań. His promotion was a basic argument for Tadeusz Wojciechowski's hypothesis about a special connection between the chancellor office and Poznań's bishopric.
Name and origin
[edit]His name in Latin was written as Radovanus.[1]
Most Polish historians used Radwan as a Polish version of his name.[2] Historian Tomasz Jurek considered the version Radowan as a proper one.[3][4]
According to Jan Długosz, a chronicler living in 15th century, Radwan was member of the Śreniawitas (Śreniawici) family, but modern historians considered this information as erroneous.[2] Historian Józef Nowacki supposed that Radwan was member of the Radwan family.[2] The Radwan family lived mostly in Małopolska.[4]
Chancellor
[edit]Radwan was a chancellor of Mieszko III the Old, duke of Greater Poland. As a chancellor he is mentioned in the foundation charter for the Cistercian monastery in Łekno.[3] The charter was issued in 1153.[2][3] According to Cistercians' tradition the start of a new year was Lady Day (25 March), so the charter could be issued between 25 March 1152 and 24 March 1153.[3] He probably became a chancellor in 1146 when his predecessor Pean became the bishop of Poznań.[5]
Later Radwan became a bishop of Poznań. His promotion was a basic argument for Tadeusz Wojciechowski's hypothesis about a special connection between the chancellor office and Poznań's bishopric.[2] Radwan's career looks similar to other bishops of Poznań who earlier were Mieszko's chancellors, like his predecessor Pean and successor Cherubin.[6] Other 12th-century bishops of Poznań, Michał and Mrokota, also became chancellors.[7] According to Wojciechowski, the bishop of Poznań was to be the arch-chancellor, the superior of the chancellor. This thesis is rejected in modern historiography.[8]
Bishop of Poznań
[edit]There is a dispute among historians about dates when Radwan was a bishop of Poznań. According to chronicler Jan Długosz Radwan was bishop from 1156 to 1162, but in other place he mentioned that he was a bishop on 6 May 1170.[2][4] The first information is considered as untrue, while the second was based on earlier sources.[2][3][4]
According to the Rocznik Lubiński (Lubin's Yearbook) Radwan was a successor of Cherubin, who died in 1172.[2] This information is false as Cherubin was a bishop of Poznań during a synod in Łęczyca in 1180.[3] Historian Władysław Semkowicz supposed there is a mistake in sequence of bishops in Rocznik Lubiński and Radwan should be placed before Cherubin.[2] This thesis is widely accepted by scholars.[2][9][4] According to most historians Radwan was a bishop from 1164 to 1172.[5][6][4] He became bishop after the death of his immediate predecessor, Bernard (died 1164).[10]
On May 6, 1170 Mieszko III the Old and Radwan founded a hospice at the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel near Poznań.[11] In 1187 Mieszko III the Old gave the hospice to the Knights of Saint John.[11]
Radwan died in 1172.[4] His successor was Cherubin.[4]
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ Zakrzewski, Ignacy, ed. (1877). Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Poznań: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk Poznańskiego. p. 104.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Antoni Gąsiorowski (1987). "Radwan (Radovanus, Radowan)". Polski słownik biograficzny (in Polish). Vol. 30. Polska Akademia Nauk. p. 1.
- ^ a b c d e f Jurek, Tomasz (2016). "Średniowieczny katalog biskupów poznańskich w Roczniku lubińskim ukryty [Medieval catalog of the bishops of Poznań hidden in the Lubin's Yearbook]" (PDF). Studia Źródłoznawcze. 54: 55.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Jurek, Tomasz (2018). Biskupstwo poznańskie w wiekach średnich [The bishopric of Poznań in the Middle Ages]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. p. 287. ISBN 978-83-232-3353-4.
- ^ a b Maleczyński, Karol (1928). "O kanclerzach polskich XII wieku [About the Polish chancellors of the 12th century]". Kwartalnik Historyczny. 42 (1): 38.
- ^ a b Wasilewski, Tadeusz (1985). "Kościół monarszy w X-XII w. i jego zwierzchnik biskup polski [The monarchical church in the 10th-12th centuries and its superior Polish bishop]" (PDF). Kwartalnik Historczyny. 92 (4): 765.
- ^ Jurek, Tomasz (2018). Biskupstwo poznańskie w wiekach średnich [The bishopric of Poznań in the Middle Ages]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. p. 153. ISBN 978-83-232-3353-4.
- ^ Jurek, Tomasz (2018). Biskupstwo poznańskie w wiekach średnich [The bishopric of Poznań in the Middle Ages]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. pp. 152–154. ISBN 978-83-232-3353-4.
- ^ Jurek, Tomasz (2016). "Średniowieczny katalog biskupów poznańskich w Roczniku lubińskim ukryty [Medieval catalog of the bishops of Poznań hidden in the Lubin's Yearbook]" (PDF). Studia Źródłoznawcze. 54: 56.
- ^ Jurek, Tomasz (2018). Biskupstwo poznańskie w wiekach średnich [The bishopric of Poznań in the Middle Ages]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. p. 286. ISBN 978-83-232-3353-4.
- ^ a b Wasilkiewicz Kamil (2022). "Czy szpitalnicy pomagali chorym? Działalność lecznicza joannitów na ziemiach polskich w średniowieczu. Zarys problemu [Did the Hospitallers help the sick? The therapeutic activity of the Joannites in the Polish lands in the Middle Ages. Outline of the problemu]". In Brzostowicz, Michał; Czerwiński, Antoni; Przybył, Maciej (eds.). Plagi i medycyna w dawnych wiekach. Zbiór wykładów popularnonaukowych wygłoszonych podczas XVIII Ogólnopolskiego Festiwalu Kultury Słowiańskiej i Cysterskiej w Lądzie nad Wartą w dniach 4-5 czerwca 2022 roku. Poznań: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu. p. 86. ISBN 9788360109793.
References
[edit]Primary sources
[edit]- Zakrzewski, Ignacy, ed. (1877). Kodeks Dyplomatyczny Wielkopolski. Poznań: Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk Poznańskiego.
Secondary sources
[edit]- Gąsiorowski, Antoni (1987). "Radwan (Radovanus, Radowan)". Polski słownik biograficzny (in Polish). Vol. 30. Polska Akademia Nauk. p. 1.
- Jurek, Tomasz (2018). Biskupstwo poznańskie w wiekach średnich [The bishopric of Poznań in the Middle Ages]. Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM. ISBN 978-83-232-3353-4.
- Jurek, Tomasz (2016). "Średniowieczny katalog biskupów poznańskich w Roczniku lubińskim ukryty [Medieval catalog of the bishops of Poznań hidden in the Lubin's Yearbook]" (PDF). Studia Źródłoznawcze. 54.
- Maleczyński, Karol (1928). "O kanclerzach polskich XII wieku [About the Polish chancellors of the 12th century]". Kwartalnik Historyczny. 42 (1).
- Wasilewski, Tadeusz (1985). "Kościół monarszy w X-XII w. i jego zwierzchnik biskup polski [The monarchical church in the 10th-12th centuries and its superior Polish bishop]" (PDF). Kwartalnik Historczyny. 92 (4): 765.
- Wasilkiewicz Kamil (2022). "Czy szpitalnicy pomagali chorym? Działalność lecznicza joannitów na ziemiach polskich w średniowieczu. Zarys problemu [Did the Hospitallers help the sick? The therapeutic activity of the Joannites in the Polish lands in the Middle Ages. Outline of the problem]". In Brzostowicz, Michał; Czerwiński, Antoni; Przybył, Maciej (eds.). Plagi i medycyna w dawnych wiekach. Zbiór wykładów popularnonaukowych wygłoszonych podczas XVIII Ogólnopolskiego Festiwalu Kultury Słowiańskiej i Cysterskiej w Lądzie nad Wartą w dniach 4-5 czerwca 2022 roku. Poznań: Muzeum Archeologiczne w Poznaniu. p. 86. ISBN 9788360109793.