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Republican Party of Texas
ChairmanAbraham George
GovernorGreg Abbott
Lieutenant GovernorDan Patrick
House SpeakerDade Phelan
Founded1867 (1867)
HeadquartersPO Box 2206 Austin, Texas 78768
IdeologyConservatism
National affiliationRepublican Party
Colors  Red
State House
86 / 150
State Senate
19 / 31
Statewide Executive Offices
9 / 9
Board of Education
10 / 15
U.S. House
25 / 38
U.S. Senate
2 / 2
State Supreme Court
9 / 9
Website
www.texasgop.org

The Republican Party of Texas (RPT) is the affiliate of the United States Republican Party in the state of Texas. It is currently chaired by Abraham George, succeeding Matt Rinaldi who finished his term in 2024.[1] The party is headquartered in Austin, and is legally considered to be a political action committee. It is currently the state's ruling party, controlling the majority of Texas's U.S. House seats, both U.S. Senate seats, both houses of the state legislature, and all statewide elected offices.

History

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A majority of the 600 delegates to the 1867 convention were black, but white delegates controlled the important positions.[2]

The Republican Party developed dramatically in Texas during the Reconstruction era, after constitutional amendments freeing the slaves and giving suffrage to black males. Blacks joined the party that had ensured the end of slavery. African American leaders, frequently men of mixed race who had been free and educated before the American Civil War, provided leadership in extending education and work opportunities to blacks after the war. They supported establishment of a public school system for the first time. Men such as William Madison McDonald in Fort Worth, Norris Wright Cuney in Galveston, and Henry Clay Ferguson worked for the black community and the state.

In 1870, Edmund J. Davis was elected Governor but was soundly defeated in 1874. In the year 1876, Republicans had made gradual gains in Texas, earning nearly one-third of the statewide vote and electing a small number of candidates to the State Legislature (including several African Americans).

After the Reconstruction era, the Republican Party of Texas gradually lost power, and after the turn of the century, the "Lily Whites" pushed blacks out of power. The Democrats passed disfranchising laws near the turn of the century requiring poll taxes be paid prior to voter registration; together with the party establishing white primaries, black voting dropped dramatically, from more than 100,000 statewide in the 1890s, to 5,000 in 1906.[3] Mexican Americans and poor whites were also adversely affected by such measures. For more than 100 years, the Republicans were a minority party in the state. As a result, the biggest base of electoral support for the Republican Party in Texas during this time was the German Texan community in the Texas Hill Country, with the majority-German Gillespie, Guadalupe and Kendall counties constituting the most Republican counties in the state of Texas throughout the late 19th and into the 20th century.

Between the departing of Robert B. Hawley from his second U.S. House term in 1901 and the seating of Bruce Alger in 1954, the sole Republican to represent Texas in Congress was Harry M. Wurzbach, a politician from the German Texan community in the Hill Country who served in the U.S. House for most of the 1920s and left office in 1931.[4] The first Republican statewide primary was held in 1926, but drew only 15,239 voters. By contrast, the Democratic primary in the same year drew 821,234 voters, as disfranchisement was well established, and Texas was essentially a one-party, white-only voting state. Only two more Republican primaries were run in the next thirty-four years.[5]

1960–present

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In 1961, James A. Leonard became the first executive director of the organization. He is credited as the "architect" of John Tower's successful campaign to fill Lyndon Johnson's vacant U.S. Senate seat, a victory that was a breakthrough in the party's attempts to gain a foothold in Texas politics.[6]

In 1966, two Republicans were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, including future President George H. W. Bush, for the first time since Reconstruction. That same year, three Republicans were elected to the Texas House of Representatives, and the first Republican was elected to the Texas Senate in 39 years. By 1972, Texas Republicans had increased their gains to 17 members of the Texas House and 3 members of the Texas Senate.[5]

The true turning point for Texas Republicans occurred in the May 1976 primary, when Ronald Reagan defeated Gerald Ford by a two-to-one margin in the state's presidential primary. According to former Secretary of State James A. Baker III, due to Reagan's victory in the Texas primary, "the whole shape and nature of the state changed."[7]

104 years after the most recent previous Republican governor, Bill Clements eked out a narrow victory in November 1978. In 1984, Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Phil Gramm led a GOP ticket that relied upon the party to provide a centralized network of communications. Throughout the rest of the decade, the total Republican vote continued to increase, and the party made large gains in both the state legislature and in local races.[5]

Since 1994, every statewide elected office has been held by a Republican. Both houses of the Texas Legislature feature Republican majorities. The last time Texas was carried by a Democratic presidential candidate was in 1976, when the state voted for Jimmy Carter.

George H. W. Bush (41st) and his son George W. Bush (43rd) are the only Republican Presidents from Texas.

In 2020, the party adopted the slogan "We are the storm", a phrase also used by believers in the QAnon conspiracy theory, which party chair Allen West[8][9] identified as a quotation from an unspecified poem.[10][11][12]

The party opposes LGBT rights, including the right to same-sex marriage.[13][14] The party's platform calls gay people "abnormal" and opposes "all efforts to validate transgender identity."[13] In 2022, all Texas Republican in the U.S. House of Representatives except Anthony Gonzalez voted against codifying the right to same-sex marriage into federal law.[14]

The 2024 State Convention adopted a rule to close the Republican primary in Texas.[15] As adopted, the rule would prevent a candidate who has been censured by the state party from running in the primary.[15] State law currently mandates open primaries, where voters select which primary to vote in when they go to vote[16] rather than affiliating with a party prior to the primary.

Organization

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The party is organized, like many U.S. political parties, with a state convention as the ultimate authority of the party.[17] The biennial state convention is the final authority on party rules, the party platform, and elects state-wide party officers.[1] Any convention electing delegates to a subsequent convention may also elect the same number of alternates.[17] No Republican convention in Texas is a nominating convention; all nominations for state and local offices are determined in primaries.[18]

Conventions

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Every even numbered year, Texas Republicans hold a number of conventions that begin with a precinct convention in which every Republican primary voter is eligible to participate in and culminates in the state convention that is the ultimate decision-making body of the state.[17][19]

Precinct convention

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Any voter who voted the party's primary or signs an oath of affiliation may participate at the precinct convention.[17] This convention is organized by electoral precinct.[17][19] This convention may be the night of the primary election.[19] Participants will elect a chair for the convention, vote on resolutions submitted by participants which generally are suggestions to amend the party rules or platform, and elect delegates to the county or senatorial district convention encompassing the precinct. Delegates are allocated by the number of votes the Republican candidate for Governor received in the most recent gubernatorial election.[17] It is not uncommon for there to be more delegate positions to the county or senatorial district convention than there are participants at the precinct convention.[19]

County and senatorial district conventions

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In counties wholly within a single state senate district, there is a single county-wide convention. There are "county conventions."[17] For example, Lubbock County had a single county convention in 2024.[20] In counties split between senate districts, there is a separate convention for the portion of the county in each senate district.[17] These are "senatorial district conventions."[17] For example, in Harris County there were nine separate conventions in 2024.[21]

Participants elect officers of the convention, consider resolutions amending the state party platform and rules, an elect delegates to the state convention using a similar formula to the formula to allocate delegates to the county/senatorial district convention.[17]

State convention

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The state convention adopts the party platform and party rules, elects state-wide party leadership—like the state chair—elects members of the State Republican Executive Committee by state senate district, adopts legislative priorities, and in Presidential election years elects delegates to the Republican National Convention.[1][17][19]

2022 convention and reaction

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Some 5,100 delegates and alternates attended the party's June 2022 convention in Houston, its first in three years. The Log Cabin Republicans, an organization that advocates for LGBT rights, was banned from attending the convention. Delegates approved resolutions including the false assertion that President Joe Biden "was not legitimately elected."[citation needed] The convention included three screenings of 2000 Mules, a film by Dinesh D'Souza that falsely alleged an organized criminal "ballot harvesting" scheme by Democratic-aligned operatives to rig the 2020 presidential election against Donald Trump.[citation needed] The party convention adopted a platform change declaring homosexuality "an abnormal lifestyle choice" and further declared opposition to "all efforts to validate transgender identity".[citation needed] Delegates also approved a resolution calling for the full repeal of the 1965 Voting Rights Act.[citation needed] The adopted platform called for a ban on "teaching, exposure, and/or discussion of sexual matters (mechanics, feelings, orientation or 'gender identity' issues)" in schools, including the prohibition of teaching sex education, while calling on Texas schools to teach about the "dignity of the preborn human".[citation needed] The adopted platform also stated: "Texas retains the right to secede from the United States, and the Texas Legislature should be called upon to pass a referendum consistent thereto."[citation needed] The party rebuked longtime Texas senator John Cornyn for participating in bipartisan negotiations regarding guns, after a recent series of mass shootings.[30] The platform also called for the creation of a state-level electoral college system inspired by the United States Electoral College, in which voters from each senate district would vote for electors who would then elect candidates to statewide offices.[31]

Former president Donald Trump praised the platform, saying that "they know that a Country cannot survive without Free and Fair Elections."[32] The resolutions were described by The Washington Post as embracing far-right rhetoric[33] and as a far-right platform by The New York Times.[34] Reason called the "LGBT component" of the platform "a weird throwback" that is "reminiscent of how conservatives used to talk about gay marriage back in the 1990s."[26] The decision to exclude the Log Cabin Republicans from the convention was criticized by Donald Trump Jr., who said in a statement to Breitbart News that it amounted to “canceling a group of gay conservatives who are standing in the breach with us”.[33] The American Conservative described the platform as showing a turn "toward a conservation of the spirit of Christendom, even if it means departing from the Union." that "gives the RNC much to ponder."[35] According to the Houston Chronicle, "Measures adopted to the party's platform at the convention are not set laws, rather they act as a 'mission statement' of sorts for the party over the next two years",[36] and according to the National Public Radio "It remains an open question as to how closely the priorities outlined in the 2022 platform reflect the views of regular Republicans in Texas".[25] Party platforms in Texas are non-binding on elected officials, a frequent source of frustration for the most hardcore partisan activists.[23]

Current elected officials

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Former Party Chairman Matt Rinaldi

Texas Republicans currently control all elected statewide offices, a majority in the Texas Senate, and a majority in the Texas House of Representatives. Republicans also hold both of the state's U.S. Senate seats and 25 of the state's 38 U.S. House seats.

Members of Congress

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U.S. Senate

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Republicans have controlled both of Texas's seats in the U.S. Senate since 1993:

U.S. House of Representatives

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Out of the 38 seats Texas is apportioned in the U.S. House of Representatives, 25 are currently held by Republicans, making it the largest Republican delegation in the U.S. House:

Statewide officials

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Republicans control all nine of the elected statewide offices:

State legislative leaders

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State Republican Executive Committee Members

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Biannually, in even-numbered years, delegates at the Texas GOP State Convention elect a man and a woman from each of the thirty-one State Senatorial districts to serve a two-year term on the State Republican Executive Committee (SREC). The State Republican Executive Committee along with the elected State Chair and State Vice Chair manage the affairs of the Republican Party of Texas between state conventions.[37]

List of state party chairs

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State Party Chairmen since 1962

Auxiliary and partner organizations

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The party has a number of partner and auxiliary organizations,[38] including the Texas Federation of College Republicans,[39] the High School Republicans of Texas, the Texas Federation of Republican Women (TFRW),[40] Texas Republican County Chairmen's Association,[41] the Texas Republican Assembly,[42] 150 Black Men of Texas, the Juan Seguin Society,[43] the Young Republicans of Texas,[44] the Texas Asian Republican Assembly,[45] the MLK Association, the National Federation of Pachyderms - Texas Chapter, and the Republican Liberty Caucus of Texas.

Electoral history

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Gubernatorial

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Texas Republican Party gubernatorial election results
Election Gubernatorial candidate Votes Vote % Result
1994 George W. Bush 2,350,994 53.5% Won Green tickY
1998 George W. Bush 2,550,821 68.2% Won Green tickY
2002 Rick Perry 2,632,591 57.8% Won Green tickY
2006 Rick Perry 1,716,803 39.0% Won Green tickY
2010 Rick Perry 2,737,481 54.97% Won Green tickY
2014 Greg Abbott 2,796,547 59.27% Won Green tickY
2018 Greg Abbott 4,656,196 55.81% Won Green tickY
2022 Greg Abbott 4,437,099 54.76% Won Green tickY

State legislature

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Johnson, Brad. Abraham George Elected Next Texas GOP Chair Ahead of 2024 General, Closed Primary Rule Established, The Texan, May 24, 2024.
  2. ^ Abbott 1986, p. 131-132.
  3. ^ African-American Pioneers of Texas: From the Old West to the New Frontiers (Teacher's Manual) (PDF). Museum of Texas Tech University: Education Division. p. 25. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 5, 2007.
  4. ^ Wurzbach's election and re-election as a Republican were something of an anomaly. He is the eponym honored in the Wurzbach Parkway in San Antonio.
  5. ^ a b c "History of the Republican Party of Texas". texasgop.org. Archived from the original on April 22, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  6. ^ Republican strategist Leonard helped mold GOP in Texas (Austin American Statesman)
  7. ^ "Ronald Reagan: How he changed Texas Politics Forever". chron.com. February 6, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
  8. ^ Svitek, Patrick (June 4, 2021). "Allen West resigns as chair of Texas Republican Party, says he's mulling statewide run". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  9. ^ Svitek, Patrick (July 4, 2021). "Allen West announces he is running against Gov. Greg Abbott in Republican primary". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 17, 2021.
  10. ^ Smith, David (January 31, 2021). "'It's endemic': state-level Republican groups lead party's drift to extremism". The Guardian. Retrieved March 6, 2021.
  11. ^ Rosenberg, Matthew (August 22, 2020). "Texas Republicans Say New Slogan Was Inspired by Poem, Not QAnon". The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  12. ^ Rosenthal, Abigail (January 25, 2021). "Texas GOP denies its slogan links to QAnon after online criticism resurges". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 7, 2021.
  13. ^ a b "Texas GOP's new platform calls gay people 'abnormal' and rejects trans identities". NBC News. June 21, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  14. ^ a b Neugeboren, By Eric (July 19, 2022). "Only one Texas Republican in Congress voted to protect marriage equality". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved May 16, 2024.
  15. ^ a b "Texas Republican convention approves closed primary, selects new leader". Dallas News. May 25, 2024. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  16. ^ Mendez, Maria; Schumaker, Yuriko (January 15, 2024). "Here's how to vote in Texas' March 5 primary elections". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "RPT Rules" (PDF). Republican Party of Texas. May 24, 224. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 19, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  18. ^ "ELECTION CODE CHAPTER 172. PRIMARY ELECTIONS". statutes.capitol.texas.gov.
  19. ^ a b c d e Mack, Regina; Juarez, Sierra (February 7, 2021). "Here's how Texans can get involved in their party conventions". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  20. ^ "Lubbock Co. Republican Party PRECINCT and COUNTY CONVENTIONS NOTICE". Lubbock Co. Republican Party announcements. March 5, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  21. ^ "2024 Senate District Convention Locations" (PDF). Harris County Republican party. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2024. Retrieved July 11, 2024.
  22. ^ Neugeboren, Eric (June 18, 2022). "Fed up and fired up: Texas Republicans meet in a climate of mistrust, conspiracy and victimhood". Texas Tribune.
  23. ^ a b Sewell Chan; Eric Neugeboren (June 18, 2022). "Texas Republican Convention calls Biden win illegitimate and rebukes Cornyn over gun talks". The Texas Tribune.
  24. ^ Dress, Brad (June 19, 2022). "Texas GOP party adopts anti-LGBTQ platform, refers to being gay as 'abnormal'".
  25. ^ a b Chappell, Bill (June 20, 2022). "Texas GOP's new platform says Biden didn't really win. It also calls for secession". National Public Radio.
  26. ^ a b Shackford, Scott (June 20, 2022). "As Pride Month Nears End, LGBT Political Culture Warring Escalates". Reason. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
  27. ^ McGee, Kate (June 19, 2022). "Texas GOP platform calls for ban on teaching "sexual matters," while requiring students to learn about "dignity of the preborn human"". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  28. ^ Naughtie, Andrew (June 20, 2022). "Five shocking proposals from the Texas GOP's radical new platform". The Independent. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  29. ^ Blest, Paul (June 21, 2022). "Texas GOP Calls Being Gay 'Abnormal,' Bans Gay Conservative Group From Convention". Vice News. Retrieved June 24, 2022.
  30. ^ [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]
  31. ^ Brower, Mac (August 3, 2022). "Why Texas Republicans Want a State Electoral College". Democracy Docket.
  32. ^ Hubbard, Kaia (June 21, 2022). "Trump Praises 'Courage' of Texas GOP for Rejecting Biden's Win in Party Platform". U.S. News. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  33. ^ a b Helderman, Rosalind S. (June 19, 2022). "At Texas GOP convention, loyalists embrace far-right, anti-gay rhetoric". The Washington Post.
  34. ^ Azi Paybarah; David Montgomery (June 21, 2022). "Texas Republicans Approve Far-Right Platform Declaring Biden's Election Illegitimate". The New York Times.
  35. ^ Veillon, Micah P. (June 21, 2022). "Texas GOP Pulls No Punches". The American Conservative. Retrieved June 22, 2022.
  36. ^ "GOP wants Texans to vote on secession from U.S. — plus 6 other takeaways from the party's convention". Houston Chronicle. June 20, 2022.
  37. ^ "State Republican Executive Committee – Republican Party of Texas". Republican Party of Texas. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
  38. ^ "Partnerships & Auxiliaries". Republican Party of Texas. Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  39. ^ "Texas College Republicans – The Official Home of the Texas College Republicans". txcollegerepublicans.com. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  40. ^ "TFRW Home Page". tfrw.org. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  41. ^ "Texas Republican County Chairmans Association". trcca.org. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  42. ^ "Texas Republican Assembly – The Republican Wing of the Republican Party". texasra.org. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
  43. ^ "JUAN SEGUIN SOCIETY". Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  44. ^ "Young Republicans of Texas -". Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  45. ^ "Texas Asian Republican Assembly". Retrieved June 2, 2024.
  46. ^ a b Moreland, Steed & Baker 1991, p. 222.

Works cited

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