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Provisional Government of Saskatchewan

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Not to be confused with Provisional District of Saskatchewan.
Provisional Government of Saskatchewan
Gouvernement provisoire de la Saskatchewan (French)
1885
Flag of Métis Provisional Government
Flag
StatusUnrecognized state, Provisional Government
CapitalBatoche
Common languagesFrench (Métis French), Michif, Cree
GovernmentSocial Democracy
Spiritual Leader [Unofficial] 
• 1885
Louis Riel
Military Leader 
• 1885
Gabriel Dumont
President of the Exovedate 
• 1885
Pierre Parenteau
LegislatureExovedate
History 
• Established
March 19
• Disestablished
May 20
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Canada
North-West Territories
Canada
North-West Territories
Today part ofCanada
- Saskatchewan
class=notpageimage|
The Southbranch Settlements are circled in black.

The Provisional Government of Saskatchewan was an independent state declared during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 in the District of Saskatchewan of the North-West Territories[note 1]. The name was given by Louis Riel. Although Riel initially hoped to rally the Countryborn, Cree, and European settlers of the Saskatchewan Valley to his banner, this did not occur. The government, with the exception of Honoré Jaxon and Chief White Cap, had an entirely French-speaking and Métis leadership. Gabriel Dumont was proclaimed adjutant general in which capacity he became supreme military commander, although Riel could, and did, override his tactical decisions. The Provisional Government was declared by Riel on March 19, 1885.[1] It ceased to exist following the defeat of the Métis militarily during the Battle of Batoche, which concluded on May 20, 1885. During its existence the government only exercised authority over the Southbranch Settlements along the South Saskatchewan River. Other major centres in the area such as Prince Albert, Saskatoon, and most First Nations reserves remained outside of its control.

Exovedate

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Main article: Exovedate

The governing council was named the Exovedate, Latin for "of the flock", and debated issues ranging from military policy to local bylaws and theological issues. It met at Batoche, Saskatchewan, and only exercised real authority during its existence over the Southbranch Settlement. The members, called Exovedes, were acclaimed by Gabriel Dumont (elected head of the military) on the 19th of March. Pierre Parenteau was made its president.[2]

The provisional government collapsed with the fall of Batoche (see Battle of Batoche) and Riel was captured a few days later. Gabriel Dumont escaped to Montana.

Flag

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On 19 March 1885, the day of the provisional government's proclamation,  Father Vital Fourmond, a witness to the proclamation, wrote about the provisional government's flag. "As a flag [Riel] chose the white flag of ancient France, with a royal blue shield bearing three golden fleurs de lys, saying that he was called to renew its ancient glories. On it he placed a large image of Mary's immaculate heart."[3]

Legacy

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BATOCHE. In 1872, Xavier Letendre dit Batoche founded a village at this site where Métis freighters crossed the South Saskatchewan River. About 50 families had claimed the river lots in the area by 1884. Widespread anxiety regarding land claims and a changing economy provoked a resistance against the Canadian Government. Here, 300 Métis and Indians led by Louis Riel and Gabriel Dumont fought a force of 800 men commanded by Major-General Middleton between May 9 and 12, 1885. The resistance failed but the battle did not mean the end of the community of Batoche.

Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. Government of Canada [4]

Batoche, where the Métis Provisional Government had been formed, has been declared a National Historic Site. Batoche marks the site of Gabriel Dumont's grave site, Albert Caron's House, Batoche school, Batoche cemetery, Letendre store, Gabriels river crossing, Gardepy's crossing, Batoche crossing, St. Antoine de Padoue Church, Métis rifle pits, and RNWMP battle camp.[5][6]

In the spring of 2008, Tourism, Parks, Culture and Sport Minister Christine Tell proclaimed in Duck lake, that "the 125th commemoration, in 2010, of the 1885 North-West Resistance is an excellent opportunity to tell the story of the prairie Métis and First Nations peoples' struggle with Government forces and how it has shaped Canada today."[7]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ It included parts of the present-day Canadian provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba.

References

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  1. ^ "Louis Riel: A Brief Chronology" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2007-09-24.
  2. ^ Woodcock, George (2003). Gabriel Dumont: The Métis Chief and His Lost World. broadview Press. p. 175. ISBN 1-55111-575-1.
  3. ^ Payment, Diane P (February 2009). "A National Feast Day, a Flag, and Anthem". The Free People - Li Gens Libres: A History of the Métis Community of Batoche, Saskatchewan (2 ed.). Calgary, AB, Canada: University of Calgary Press. ISBN 978-1-55238-239-4.
  4. ^ Historic Sites and Monuments board of Canada. Government of Canada (21 Nov 2004). "Welcome To Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Region Gen Web Batoche / Fish Creek Photo Gallery". Saskatoon Gen Web. online by Julia Adamson. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  5. ^ "Batoche The Virtual Museum of Métis History and Culture". Gabriel Dumont Institute of Native Studies and Applied Research. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  6. ^ "Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site of Canada". Government of Canada. 2009-06-22. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
  7. ^ "Tourism agencies to celebrate the 125th anniversary of the Northwest Resistance/Rebellion". Home/About Government/News Releases/June 2008. Government of Saskatchewan. June 7, 2008. Archived from the original on October 21, 2009. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
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