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Proton-enhanced nuclear induction spectroscopy (PENIS) is a nuclear magnetic resonance technique invented by Michael Gibby and Alexander Pines while they were graduate students in the lab of Professor John S. Waugh at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It was patented in 1972.^[1] It was one of the first of Pines' experiments transferring spin orientation from one atomic nucleus to another, which has been one of the running themes throughout his career as a leading pioneer in the applications of NMR to the study of non-liquid samples.

In this technique, the natural polarization of an abundant spin (1H, the "proton" which begins the name of the technique) is exploited to increase the polarization of a rare spin (such as 13C), by irradiating the sample with radio waves at the frequency which corresponds to the difference between the rotation frequencies of the two different spins.

Besides its obvious utility for boosting signals from dilute spins, transferring spin-polarization can also be used by surface-scientists, to selectively enhance the spin-polarization of molecules on a sample's surface over the spins in the bulk, by transferring spin-polarization from a gas to the surface.^[2]

Controversies

Proton-Enhanced Nuclear Induction Spectroscopy has caused some controversies because of its controversial acronym.

References

^ US 3792346
^ Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1021/ja972035d, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1021/ja972035d instead.

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[1] US 3792346

[2] Attention: This template ({{cite doi}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by doi:10.1021/ja972035d, please use {{cite journal}} (if it was published in a bona fide academic journal, otherwise {{cite report}} with |doi=10.1021/ja972035d instead.

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	'''Proton enhanced nuclear induction spectroscopy''' (~~P.E.N.I.S.~~) is a [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] technique invented by Michael Gibby and [[Alexander Pines]] while they were graduate students in the lab of [[John S. Waugh\|Professor John S. Waugh]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. It was patented in 1972.<ref>{{cite patent\|US\|3792346}}</ref> It was one of the first of Pines' experiments transferring spin orientation from one atomic nucleus to another, which has been one of the running themes throughout his career as a leading pioneer in the applications of NMR to the study of non-liquid samples.		'''Proton-enhanced nuclear induction spectroscopy''' ('''PENIS''') is a [[nuclear magnetic resonance]] technique invented by Michael Gibby and [[Alexander Pines]] while they were graduate students in the lab of [[John S. Waugh\|Professor John S. Waugh]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. It was patented in 1972.<ref>{{cite patent\|US\|3792346}}</ref> It was one of the first of Pines' experiments transferring spin orientation from one atomic nucleus to another, which has been one of the running themes throughout his career as a leading pioneer in the applications of NMR to the study of non-liquid samples.

	In this technique, the natural [[spin polarization\|polarization]] of an abundant [[spin (physics)\|spin]] ([[Hydrogen atom\|1H]], the "proton" which begins the name of the technique) is exploited to increase the polarization of a rare spin (such as [[Carbon-13\|13C]]), by irradiating the sample with radio waves at the frequency which corresponds to the difference between the rotation frequencies of the two different spins.		In this technique, the natural [[spin polarization\|polarization]] of an abundant [[spin (physics)\|spin]] ([[Hydrogen atom\|1H]], the "proton" which begins the name of the technique) is exploited to increase the polarization of a rare spin (such as [[Carbon-13\|13C]]), by irradiating the sample with radio waves at the frequency which corresponds to the difference between the rotation frequencies of the two different spins.