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Fiat Doblò

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Fiat Doblò
Overview
ManufacturerFiat
Tofaş
Stellantis
Production2000–present
Body and chassis
ClassPanel van/leisure activity vehicle
Chronology
Predecessor

The Fiat Doblò is a panel van and leisure activity vehicle produced by Italian automaker Fiat since 2000. It was unveiled at the Paris Motor Show in October 2000.[1] A second-generation Doblò succeeded the original vehicle in 2010 for most markets, and it was sold in the United States as the RAM ProMaster City from 2015 to 2022. The second generation was also sold in Europe and the UK as the Opel/Vauxhall Combo. The third-generation Doblò, a rebadged version of the Citroën Berlingo, was unveiled in June 2022, and is also sold as the Opel or Vauxhall Combo, Peugeot Partner, and Toyota ProAce.

First generation (2000)

[edit]
First generation (223)
Overview
Also calledFiat Panorama (Singapore)
Fiat Doblò Classic
Pyeonghwa Ppeokkugi (North Korea)
Production2000–2010 (Europe)
2001–2021 (Brazil)[2]
2003–2004 (North Korea)
AssemblyBursa, Turkey (Tofaş)[3]
Akçalar, Turkey (Karsan) (Body Parts)[4]
Betim, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Fiat Automóveis)
Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia (Fiat-Sollers)
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
(Mekong Auto)
Nampo, North Korea
(Pyeonghwa Motors)
Body and chassis
Body style4/5-door panel van
5-door multi-purpose vehicle
RelatedFiat Punto
Fiat Palio
Fiat Albea
Fiat Siena
Fiat Strada
Lancia Y
Powertrain
Engine1.2 L Fire I4 (petrol)
1.4 L Fire I4 (petrol)
1.6 L Torque I4 (petrol)
1.6 L Torque Natural Power I4 (CNG)
1.8 L Ecotec N18XFH I4 gasoline
1.8 L E.torQ I4 (Flexfuel)
1.3 L Multijet I4 (diesel)
1.9 L D I4 (diesel)
1.9 L JTD I4 (diesel)
1.9 L Multijet I4 (diesel)
Transmission5-speed manual
6-speed manual
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,583 mm (101.7 in)
2,963 mm (116.7 in) (Doblò Maxi)
Length4,158 mm (163.7 in) (until 2005)
4,253 mm (167.4 in) (from 2005)
4,633 mm (182.4 in) (Doblò Maxi)
4,354 mm (171.4 in) (Adventure)[5]
Widthfrom 1,715 mm (67.5 in) (until 2005)
1,722 mm (67.8 in) (from 2005)
1,763 mm (69.4 in) (Adventure)
Height1,818 mm (71.6 in) (from 2005)
2,086 mm (82.1 in) (high roof)
1,957 mm (77.0 in) (Adventure)
Pre facelift Fiat Doblò

It was first launched to the public in the Netherlands, and received the "2006 International Van of the Year" award by an international jury from 19 countries. In Singapore, a 1.4 litre LAV variant is marketed as the Fiat Panorama in five and seven seater versions.[6] The first Doblò was sold in January 2001.

The Doblò carries a payload of up to 730 kg (1,609 lb), with an interior volume of 3.2 cubic metres (110 cu ft). The Doblò uses Fiat Strada's platform, in turn derived from the Fiat Palio's one, using a rigid axle with leaf springs at the rear, instead of a torsion beam with coil springs as on the Palio.[1]

It is manufactured by Fiat's Tofaş subsidiary factory in Bursa, Turkey, in Brazil since 2002 and in Russia and Vietnam. Turkish models have an engine range that includes a 1.4 litre petrol, a 1.9 litre MultiJet, and a 16 valve 1.3 litre MultiJet.

In North Korea, Pyonghwa Motors produces Doblò branded as its own name Ppeokkugi.[7]

Facelifted Doblò (223), 2005–10
Short wheelbase
Long wheelbase (Cargo XXL)

The facelift version came in October 2005, and was restyled with modifications to the front and rear light groups, and the total design of the front part.

Brazilian Doblò

[edit]

Launched in late 2001 as a 2002 model, the Brazilian Doblòs were initially available with two 16 valve petrol engines, a 1.3 litre Fire and a 1.6 litre Torque. From 2004 to 2009, the only engine available in Brazil was an 8 valve 1.8 litre Ecotec, supplied by General Motors do Brasil. This engine was produced initially in a petrol version, and later as flex fuel.

In September 2003, Fiat Brazil introduced an off-road 4x2 version called Fiat Doblò Adventure, also with the straight-4 Ecotec 1800 cc engine. It has revised exterior look with bigger bumpers and mouldings and raised ride height 6 cm (2.4 in) and spare wheel on the rear.[8]

In 2009, the whole Adventure line (Doblò, Idea, Strada and Palio Weekend) was equipped with a locking differential. The line was rebadged as Adventure Locker. Only in the model year of 2010, the Brazilian Doblò and the Doblò Adventure were updated with the European facelift of 2005.

Besides the 1.8 litre Powertrain, Doblò is now equipped with a 1.4 litre Fire flex engine.[9] In the model year of 2011, the 8 valve 1.8 litre Ecotec engine was replaced by the brand new 16 valve 1.8 litre E.torQ engine, produced by Fiat Powertrain Technologies.[10]

The Brazilian Doblò was discontinued in December 2021 after 160,000 units had been assembled in 20 years. Slow sales meant that meeting the upcoming Proconve L7 emissions standards would not be viable.[11][12]

Engines

[edit]

2000–2006

[edit]
Model Type Power
1.2 petrol 65 PS (48 kW; 64 hp)
1.3 16V Multijet diesel 70 PS (51.5 kW; 69 hp)
1.6 Natural Power natural gas 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp)
1.9 D diesel 63 PS (46 kW; 62 hp)
1.9 JTD diesel 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp)

2006–2009

[edit]
Model Type Power
1.4 petrol 77 PS (57 kW; 76 hp)
1.6 Natural Power (CNG) Natural gas 92 PS (68 kW; 91 hp)
1.3 16v Multijet diesel 75 PS (55 kW; 74 hp)
1.3 16v Multijet diesel 84 PS (62 kW; 83 hp)
1.9 Multijet diesel 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp)
1.9 Multijet diesel 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp)

Electric versions

[edit]

Micro-Vett Fiat Doblò has three battery versions:[13]

  • Go Green, an 18 kWh Altairnano lithium-ion NanoSafe battery pack. The battery pack can be fully recharged in less than ten minutes using AeroVironment's high voltage, 125 kW rated, rapid charging system.
  • a 43 kWh lead acid battery pack, providing a range of 150 km (93 mi) in the urban duty cycle on a single charge; recharging takes 5–8 hours
  • 60 x 200 AH 3.6V lithium modules; Battery life: 1000 cycles at 80% DOD / 2000 cycles at 70% DOD

The vehicle uses a 30 kW (60 kW peak) motor from Ansaldo Electric Drives (a S.p.A. based in Genoa[14]), that gives 120 km/h (75 mph) top speed.

On October 2, 2007, a sixty-day demonstration of the All-Electric Fiat Doblo was begun. The Electric engine is powered by a custom 18 kWh Altairnano high performance NanoSafe(R) battery pack, travelled 300 kilometres (190 mi) in an urban delivery circuit.

The custom battery pack was fully recharged in less than ten minutes a total of three times using AeroViroments' high voltage, 125 kW rated, rapid charging system. The vehicle was driven an estimated total of 7,500 kilometres (4,700 mi) during the sixty day demonstration period, which translates to an annual equivalent use of 45,000 kilometres (28,000 mi).

Safety

[edit]

The Doblò received 3 stars for adult occupants, 3 stars for toddlers, and 1 star for pedestrians from Euro NCAP in 2004.[15]

Second generation (2010)

[edit]
Second generation (263)
Overview
Also calledOpel Combo (2012–2018)
Fiat Doblò Professional
Fiat Doblò Work Up
Fiat Doblò Maxi
Fiat Doblò Maxi Professional
Fiat Pratico (Turkey)
Fiat Doblò Panorama
Fiat Doblò Premio (Turkey)
Fiat Doblò Premio Plus (Turkey)
Vauxhall Combo (United Kingdom)
Ram ProMaster City (North America)
Ram V1000 (Chile)
Production2010–2022
2015–2022 (North America)
AssemblyTurkey: Bursa (Tofaş)
Body and chassis
Body style2-door chassis cab
2-door pickup
3-door panel van
4-door panel van
5-door panel van
5-door LAV
PlatformFCA Small LWB platform
RelatedFiat Grande Punto[16]
Fiat Linea
Opel Corsa D
Powertrain
Engine
Transmission
  • 5-speed manual
  • 6-speed manual
  • 5-speed Dualogic automated manual
  • 9-speed 948TE automatic
Dimensions
WheelbaseSWB: 2,755 mm (108.5 in)[16]
LWB: 3,105 mm (122.2 in)
LengthSWB: 4,390 mm (172.8 in)
LWB: 4,756 mm (187.2 in)
WidthSWB: 1,832 mm (72.1 in)
LWB: 1,832 mm (72.1 in)
HeightSWB: 1,845 mm (72.6 in)
LWB: 1,880 mm (74.0 in)
Chronology
PredecessorRam C/V Tradesman (for ProMaster City)
Doblò (263), 2010–15
Cargo Maxi (Rear)
Fiat Doblò (Europe)

The all new Doblò (Type 263) was launched in the beginning of 2010, and it is built in Turkey by Tofaş. The 2010 Doblò uses the Fiat Small platform, derived from the Grande Punto, with a new bi link independent rear suspension instead of a torsion beam, which has 2,755-millimetre (108.5 in) wheelbase, 790-litre (28 cu ft) luggage compartment, and low CO2 emissions (129 g/km with the 1.3 Multijet 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) engine).[17] The Doblò was also sold by Opel and Vauxhall except for Holden as the Combo.[18]

As of July 2011 the Doblò is available as a pickup called Fiat Doblò Work Up[19] or Fiat Pratico in Turkey.[20] There is also a raised roof version, as well as an extended wheelbase van called the "Doblò Cargo Maxi". During the 2010 Hanover Motor Show, the Fiat Doblò received the International Van of the Year 2011 award.[21]

These two features are combined for the Fiat Doblò Cargo XL, a high roofed, long wheelbase panel van model, with a one tonne payload, equipped with the 105 hp (78 kW) 1.6 litre Multijet common rail diesel. The XL, which can carry as much as the bigger and more expensive Scudo, was presented in the United Kingdom in May 2013.[22]

In other markets the XL appeared in 2012, and it is available with all diesel engines excepting the 1.3, and also the 1.4 T-Jet. There is also an XL Combi, with a 135 PS (99 kW) version of the 2.0 diesel.[23]

Doblò EV

[edit]

In February 2010, Tofaş announced they were developing a battery-electric version of the Doblò (263).[24] The vehicle itself was introduced publicly in July 2010, as "The First Commercial Electrical Vehicle Developed in Turkey".[25] It also was revealed that Tofaş will lead FIAT's development of electric light commercial vehicles (LCV).[26] During a ceremony to commemorate the production of the millionth Doblò, the Doblò EV was tested by press and Turkish Minister of Industry and Commerce, Nihat Ergün. In November 2018, the first Doblò EV was delivered to the Turkish fashion company, Vakko.[27][28]

As announced in 2010, the Doblò EV was equipped with a 250 kg (550 lb), 21 kW-hr lithium-ion battery and a 140 hp (100 kW) traction motor; as charge depletes, the motor output is limited to 79 hp (59 kW) and top speed is limited to 110 km/h (68 mph) to preserve the 150 km (93 mi) range.[25] A version of Doblò EV that was shipped in 2019 has an electric motor delivering 111 hp (83 kW) of maximum power and a torque of 220 N⋅m (162 lbf⋅ft). The autonomy at full load is 210 km (130 mi) with a single recharge. The 30 kWh battery is located in the rear floor. Overall the Doblò EV weighs 150 kg (331 lb) more than the Cargo 1.6 Multijet version.[29]

Facelift

[edit]
Facelifted Doblò (263), 2015–22
Front
Rear

Introduced at the Hanover Motor Show, the 2015 Fiat Doblò receives a revised front end with an all new dashboard, new headlamps, grille, and front bumper to coincide with the release of the Ram ProMaster City.[30]

Versions include standard, Active, SX and Technico for the commercial versions and Pop, Easy, Lounge and Trekking for the passenger (MPV) models. When the Doblo was crash tested by NCAP in 2017 it received a safety rating of 3 out of 5 stars.

For the 2019 model year the Doblo MPV is no longer available for the U.K market. The N1 Fiat professional commercial version remains on sale although the 1.4 Petrol engine has been discontinued, with only 1.3 and 1.6 Diesel options available for the U.K. This model can be specified as a passenger variant with factory windows and seats and either a rear tailgate or the van style double rear doors.

In 2020 the MPV version of the Fiat Doblo ceased production for most markets. As of 2022, the Doblo MPV remains on sale in some markets, including the Turkish and Russian markets, as the Doblo Panorama. The Doblo Cargo van also remains in production - albeit with more limited engine options than previously.

In September 2022, the second generation Dobló was discontinued in Europe and it was replaced by the third generation, which is a rebadged version of a third generation Citroën Berlingo.

Late 2022, the second generation Dobló stopped to be exported, but it remained in production for 2023 in Turkey.[31]

Ram ProMaster City

[edit]
A 2015 Ram ProMaster City Tradesman Passenger Van (USA & Canada)

The Ram ProMaster City (Type 636) is an Americanised version of the Fiat Doblò introduced in the model year of 2015, to succeed the Dodge Caravan based C/V Tradesman. The ProMaster City is built in the same plant in Turkey as the Doblò and exported to North America. To circumvent the chicken tax, only passenger vans are imported into North America, with cargo vans being post import conversions.

Unlike the Doblò, passenger versions of the ProMaster City use solid metal panels instead of glass in its rear quarters, and third row seating and the lift tailgate options are not offered. The 2.4 litre Tigershark engine mated to the 948TE nine speed automatic transmission is the only power train available for the ProMaster City.[32]

Trim levels are Tradesman, SLT, Wagon, and Wagon SLT. Like the larger Ram ProMaster, the Ram ProMaster City received a facelift for the model year of 2019. The front "crosshair" grille was replaced with a plain front grille with the 'RAM' lettering.

The interior of the facelifted 2019 Ram ProMaster City remains largely unchanged from 2018, although the U Connect 3 5.0BT touchscreen radio is now standard equipment (both GPS navigation and SiriusXM Satellite Radio still remain options), replacing the previously standard U Connect 3.0 non touchscreen radio on models from 2018. This is due to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) regulation of standard rear view backup cameras for the model year of 2019. Now standard are a USB input as well as U Connect Bluetooth hands free calling and wireless A2DP audio streaming, as well as voice control.

Stellantis plans to discontinue the ProMaster City after the 2022 model year, citing declining annual sales for compact commercial vans in the US and Canadian markets. Shipments of the van from Turkey to the United States and Canada will continue until the end of the first quarter of 2023.[33][31]

Engines

[edit]
Model Engine Power@rpm Torque@rpm Note
Petrol engine
1.4 FIRE 1368 cc I4 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp)@6000 127 N⋅m (94 lb⋅ft)@4500 2009-2019
2.4 Tigershark1 2360 cc I4 179 PS (132 kW; 177 hp)@6250 236 N⋅m (174 lb⋅ft)@3900 2015-on
Compressed natural gas
1.4 T-JET Natural Power 1368 cc I4 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp)@5000 207 N⋅m (153 lb⋅ft)@2000 2009-on
Diesel engine
1.3 Multijet 1248 cc I4 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp)@4000 200 N⋅m (148 lb⋅ft)@1500 2009-on
1.6 Multijet 1598 cc I4 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) @4000 rpm 290 N⋅m (214 lb⋅ft) @1500 2009-on
2.0 Multijet 1956 cc I4 135 PS (99 kW; 133 hp) @3500 rpm 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) @1500 2009-2016

1 Only for Ram ProMaster City

Safety

[edit]

The Doblò received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2017.[34]

Third generation (K9; 2022)

[edit]
Third generation
Overview
Also called
  • Peugeot Partner / Rifter
  • Opel Combo
  • Vauxhall Combo (United Kingdom)
  • Toyota ProAce City (2019–present)
  • Citroen Berlingo
Production2023–present
Assembly
Body and chassis
Body style4/5-door panel van
5-door LAV
PlatformPSA EMP2
Powertrain
Engine
Electric motor136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) PMSM (electric versions)
Transmission5-6-speed manual
8-speed automatic EAT8
Battery50 kWh lithium-ion (electric versions)
Dimensions
Wheelbase2,785–2,975 mm (109.6–117.1 in)
Length4,403–4,753 mm (173.3–187.1 in)
Width1,921 mm (75.6 in)
Height1,796–1,860 mm (70.7–73.2 in)
Chronology
PredecessorCitroën Nemo
Peugeot Bipper
Main article: Citroën Berlingo (third generation)

The third-generation Doblò was released in June 2022 as a rebadged version of the third-generation Citroën Berlingo, with a battery electric version in offer as the e-Doblò.[39] The model is produced in Spain alongside its stablemates,[40] as well as in the Stellantis Mangualde Plant in Mangualde, Portugal.[41]

[edit]
  • Rear view
    Rear view
  • Fiat Doblò Maxi
    Fiat Doblò Maxi
  • Fiat E-Doblò
    Fiat E-Doblò
  • Fiat E-Doblò passenger variant
    Fiat E-Doblò passenger variant

The Fiat Doblò has emerged as a renowned choice for car rental companies, particularly sought after for its versatility as a seven-seater vehicle. With its spacious interior and comfortable seating arrangement, the Doblò provides an ideal solution for customers seeking a practical and efficient transport option for larger groups. Its reputation for reliability and fuel efficiency adds to its appeal, making it a popular selection among car rental fleets. The Doblò's combination of ample passenger capacity and the trusted performance associated with the Fiat brand has positioned it as a favored choice for travellers in need of a seven-seater vehicle,[42] contributing to its widespread recognition in the car rental industry.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Fiat Doblò". carsfromitaly.net. Retrieved 2009-11-20.
  2. ^ "Mais caro que Jeep Renegade, Fiat Doblò sai de linha depois de 20 anos na mesma geração". December 2021.
  3. ^ "Fiat Doblo'nun Hikâyesi – Hayat Yenilenmektir". YouTube. 20 July 2015.
  4. ^ "Akçalar Fabrikası". Üretim Tesisleri (in Turkish). Karsan. 2010. Archived from the original on 2010-07-07.
  5. ^ "Doblò Adventure" (in Portuguese). jipemania.com. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
  6. ^ "Fiat Panorama". fiat.com.sg. Archived from the original on 2007-12-30. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
  7. ^ Min Seong-jae (August 31, 2003). "Pyonghwa Motors, Unification Church Do a Deal". Korea JoonAng Daily.
  8. ^ "25.09.2003 FIAT BRAZIL INTRODUCE OFF-ROAD DOBLÒ ADVENTURE". italiaspeed.com. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
  9. ^ "Best Cars Web Site – Avaliação – Fiat Doblò 2010". .uol.com.br. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
  10. ^ "Best Cars Web Site – Fiat adota motor E-Torq no Doblò e altera detalhes no Siena 2011". .uol.com.br. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
  11. ^ Paixão, André (December 2021). "Mais caro que Jeep Renegade, Fiat Doblò sai de linha depois de 20 anos na mesma geração". autoesporte (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  12. ^ "Fiat deixa de Fabricar Uno, Doblò e Grand Siena no Brasil" (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2021-12-25.
  13. ^ "Micro-Vett SpA veicoli elettrici". Micro-vett.it. 2009-06-30. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  14. ^ "La Guida Monaci del sistema Italia" (in Italian). 2005. OCLC 68566798. Archived from the original on May 25, 2019.
  15. ^ "Official Fiat Doblo 2004 safety rating". www.euroncap.com.
  16. ^ a b "17.12.2009 NEW MODEL: NUOVA FIAT DOBLÒ & DOBLÒ CARGO". italiaspeed.com. Retrieved 2009-12-18.
  17. ^ "16.11.2009 New MODEL: NEW Fiat Doblò Cargo/Panorama". italiaspeed.com. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  18. ^ "Fiat launches the Doblò Work Up". European Car News.[permanent dead link‍]
  19. ^ Omar Abu Eideh (2011-07-01). "iat Doblò Work Up" (in Italian). Autoblog.it. Retrieved 2013-06-13.
  20. ^ "Vauxhall New Combo". General Motors.
  21. ^ Infos, Auto (30 September 2010). "Le Fiat Doblò Cargo est « Van international de l'année 2011 »". auto-infos.
  22. ^ Witherington, Peter (2013-05-21). "Fiat Doblo Cargo XL van review – the chunky funky big small van". Business Vans. Business Car Manager. Archived from the original on 2013-08-13. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
  23. ^ "Debutto in società per il nuovo Doblò Cargo XL" [Society debut for the new Doblò Cargo XL]. OmniFurgone.it (in Italian). Edimotive S.r.l. Archived from the original on 2013-09-23. Retrieved 2013-09-10.
  24. ^ Özpeynirci, Emre (February 9, 2010). "Tofaş, Elektrikli Doblo için Çalışıyor" [Tofaş is working on an electric Doblo]. Patronlar Dünyasi (in Turkish). Retrieved 2010-10-15.
  25. ^ a b Demiray, Enes. "Ticari Araca ilk Elektrik Doblo EV ile TOFAŞ'tan" [First electric commercial vehicle from TOFAŞ: Doblò EV]. Türkiye Gazetesi (in Turkish). Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2010.
  26. ^ "Bursa'dan Dünya'ya Elektrikli Doblo" (in Turkish). Retrieved 15 October 2010.
  27. ^ "Tofaş'tan Vakko'ya Elektrikli Doblo!" [Electric Doblo from Tofaş to Vakko!] (Press release) (in Turkish). Tofaş. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  28. ^ Ünal, Erhan Cihan (19 November 2018). "Tofaş'tan Vakko'ya Elektrikli Doblo" [Electric Doblo from Tofaş to Vakko]. Anadolu Ajansi: Şirket Haberleri (in Turkish). Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  29. ^ Celik, Ali (2 February 2019). "Tofaş Ar-Ge'den Elektrikli Fiat Doblo Cargo" [Electric Fiat Doblo Cargo from Tofaş R&D] (in Turkish). Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  30. ^ "Fiat Doblo Cargo is an Italian Ram Promaster City". AutoBlog. Retrieved 8 October 2014.
  31. ^ a b Duvar, Gazete (2022-12-24). "Tofaş, 30 Aralık'ta şalter indirecek". Gazete Duvar (in Turkish). Retrieved 2023-01-21.
  32. ^ "2015 Ram ProMaster City: The Ram-PMC Is a True Rock Box". Car and Driver. June 26, 2014.
  33. ^ "US sales of Tofaş's van to discontinue". Hurriyet Daily News. 6 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  34. ^ "Official Fiat Doblo 2017 safety rating". www.euroncap.com.
  35. ^ "Citroen Berlingo - because not everybody wants an SUV". Just Auto. 2019-04-15. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
  36. ^ "PSA increases van production in Portugal". Automotive News Europe. 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2022-05-12.
  37. ^ Jolly, Jasper (13 December 2023). "Plugging into the future: electric van production begins at Ellesmere Port". The Guardian.
  38. ^ "L'usine Fiat d'Oran officiellement inaugurée". 7 September 2023 – via Autobip.
  39. ^ Pappas, Thanos (2022-06-07). "New Fiat Doblò And e-Doblò Go Down The Rebadging Route". Carscoops. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
  40. ^ Sezer, Can (2022-06-07). "Tofas shares tumble in Turkey as new Fiat Doblo to be made in Spain". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
  41. ^ de Almeida Fernandes, Francisco (2022-07-07). "CEO da Stellantis anuncia produção de novo modelo da Fiat em Mangualde". Diário de Notícias (in Portuguese).
  42. ^ "7 Seater Car Hire in Rhodes :The Ultimate ✅list!". rhodes-car.rentals. 2023-11-16. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
[edit]
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