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panoramic view of Dortmund as seen from the Florianturm - photo by Simplicius

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Introduction

North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen [ˈnɔɐ̯tʁaɪn vɛstˈfaːlən] ^ⓘ, usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW) is the westernmost, most populous, and economically most powerful state of Germany. The state was formed in 1946, by merger of two rather distinct territories of the historic Free State of Prussia: the Rhine Province and the Province of Westphalia. The former Free State of Lippe was joined in 1947.

North Rhine-Westphalia is situated "deep in the West" of Germany and includes the plains of the Lower Rhine region and parts of the Central Uplands (Mittelgebirge) up to the gorge of Porta Westfalica. The state comprises a land area of 34,083 km² (13,158 square miles) and shares borders with Belgium in the southwest and the Netherlands in the west and northwest. It has borders with the German states of Lower Saxony to the north and northeast, Rhineland-Palatinate to the south and Hesse to the southeast.

North Rhine Westphalia has a population of approximately 18 million inhabitants, and is centred around the polycentric Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region, which includes the formerly industrial Ruhr region and the Rhenish cities of Bonn, Cologne (Köln) and Düsseldorf. 30 of the 80 largest cities in Germany are located within North Rhine-Westphalia. The state's capital is Düsseldorf, the state's largest city is Cologne.

As the most urbanised federal state in Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia possesses the country's highest density of cultural, educational and research institutions, the densest transport infrastructure and the highest number of multinational corporations. North Rhine-Westphalia contributes about 22% to Germany's gross domestic product and accounts for about 28% of the country's foreign direct investments.^[1]

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Geography	Rhineland \| Eifel (National Park) \| Cologne Bight \| Lower Rhine \| Lower Rhine region \| Westphalia \| Münsterland \| Sauerland \| Ostwestfalen-Lippe \| Lippe
History	Germania Inferior \| Ripuarian Franks \| Salian Franks \| Lower Rhenish-Westphalian Circle \| Electorate of Cologne \| Duchy of Berg \| Duchy of Cleves \| Rhine Province \| Province of Westphalia \| Occupation of the Ruhr \| International Authority for the Ruhr \| European Coal and Steel Community
Politics	Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia \| Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia \| List of Ministers-President of North Rhine-Westphalia
Economy	Companies \| Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Region \| Ruhr Region \| WestLB \| E.ON \| Metro AG \| Deutsche Telekom \| Düsseldorf International Airport \| Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr \| NRW.INVEST \| Blue Banana
Culture	NRW Forum \| Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen \| Rhein in Flammen \| Ruhrtriennale \| The Industrial Heritage Trail \| Westdeutscher Rundfunk \| Lied für NRW \| Art Cologne \| Kunstakademie Düsseldorf
Landmarks	World Heritage Sites: Aachen Cathedral \| Castles of Augustusburg and Falkenlust at Brühl \| Cologne Cathedral \| Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex \| Further sites: Benrath Palace \| Historical City Hall of Münster \| Hermannsdenkmal \| Neuer Zollhof
Sport	Football clubs: Borussia Dortmund \| Borussia Mönchengladbach \| 1. FC Köln \| FC Schalke 04 \| Bayer 04 Leverkusen \| Ice hockey clubs: Kölner Haie \| DEG Metro Stars \| Iserlohn Roosters
Society	Cooperative Dictionary of the Rhinelandic Colloquial Language \| Rhenish Carnival \| Cologne Gay Pride \| International Women's Film Festival Dortmund/Cologne \| Karlspreis

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Bochum (German pronunciation: [ˈboːχʊm]) is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, western Germany. It is located in the Ruhr area and is surrounded by the cities of Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Herne, Castrop-Rauxel, Dortmund, Witten and Hattingen.

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Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential composers of all time.

Born in Bonn, of the Electorate of Cologne and a part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in present-day Germany, he moved to Vienna in his early twenties and settled there, studying with Joseph Haydn and quickly gaining a reputation as a virtuoso pianist.

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Credits: photo by Urby2004
Signal Iduna Park (formerly known as Westfalenstadion) in Dortmund is an UEFA Elite stadium and Germany's biggest football stadium.
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