Portal:Anarchism/Anniversaries/September

These are the selected anniversaries for September that appear on the Anarchism portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here.

September 1

1846 – Italian anarchist revolutionary and theorist Carlo Cafiero is born in Barletta, Apulia
1873 - The Anarchist International begins its second congress in Geneva, Switzerland
1880 – The Oneida Community, a utopian communalist settlement in Oneida, New York, dissolves after thirty-two years
1911 – A failed attempt to arrest Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata (pictured) during the Mexican Revolution provokes the Liberation Army of the South to revolt
1917 – The first issue of anarchist periodical Der Ziegelbrenner is published by Ret Marut in Germany
1920 – Italian metalworkers begin a four day occupation of their factories
1927 – Emma Goldman addresses a memorial meeting for Sacco and Vanzetti in Canada.
1936 – Spanish Civil War: The anarchist Isaac Puente is arrested and executed by the nationalists

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September 2

1867 - The International Workingmen's Association begins its second congress in Lausanne, Switzerland.
1872 - Mohandas Gandhi born. Indian independence leader and philosophical anarchist.
1872 - The International Workingmen's Association begins its fifth congress in The Hague, the Netherlands, where Mikhail Bakunin is expelled from the International.
2020 - David Graeber dies. Anthropologist and anarchist activist.

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September 3

1861 – The first Greek anarchist article, the unattributed "'Anarchy' part A", is published as the featured article in the daily newspaper Φώς (Light), issue 334; all copies are confiscated within hours of release and part B is never published
1866 – The International Workingmen's Association begins its first congress in Geneva, Switzerland
1915 – Australian Industrial Workers of the World member Tom Barker is arrested for an anti-war poster
1920 – British anarchist, founder of the British libertarian socialist movement and author of An Antistatist, Communist Manifesto Joseph Lane dies
1921 – The death of a local anarchist in Piombino, Italy ignites clashes between radicals and fascists, as well as government raids on the leftist radicals
1927 – Man Ray surrealist and anarchist artist signs the surrealist manifesto "Hands Off Love" (devoted to Charlie Chaplin), in La Révolution surréaliste
1931 – The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) initiates a General Strike in Barcelona
1962 – The FAI (Federación Anarquista Ibérica) ratifies the CNT Congress of August/September, thereby approving a secret DI (Interior Defence) section with the aim of engaging in direct action against the Franco regime

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September 4

1926 – Austrian anarchist and social theorist Ivan Illich is born in Vienna
1989 – Belgian novelist and philosophical anarchist Georges Simenon, noted for his Inspector Maigret novels, dies in Lausanne, Switzerland

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September 5

1869 – The Basle Congress of the International opens, in which the communist faction of Mikhail Bakunin (pictured) clashes with the majority Marxist faction
1872 – A commission to the investigate the anarchist Bakuninist Alliance meets during the International's Hague Congress in the Netherlands; Bakunin and his followers are expelled as a result
1882 – The Knights of Labor hold the first Labor Day celebration in the United States
1906 – Followers of the Flores Magón brothers, from Douglas, Arizona, attempt to capture the town of Agua Prieta in the Mexican state of Sonora
1912 – American avant garde anarchist composer John Cage is born in Los Angeles, California
1917 – In what is known as the Palmer Raids, United States federales attack Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) halls and offices in forty eight American cities
1924 – Emma Goldman leaves Paris for London in the hopes of finding an easier means of making a living
1936 – The death of 24-year-old anarchist Federico "Taino" Borrell is captured by Robert Capa in the iconic photo The Falling Soldier

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September 6

1869 -- The International Workingmen's Association begins its fourth congress in Basel, Switzerland.
1873 -- The Anarchist International ends its second congress in Geneva, Switzerland.
1877 -- The Anarchist International begins its last congress in Verviers, Switzerland.
1901 -- President William McKinley assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz.
1937 -- Spanish Revolution: The Unified Levantine Council for Agricultural Export is dissolved by decree of Juan Negrín.

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September 7

1872 – Mikhail Bakunin (pictured), leading anarchist opponent of Karl Marx, is expelled from the International Workingmen's Association during the Hague Congress
1874 – The Anarchist International begins its third congress in Brussels, Belgium.

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September 8

1877 -- The Anarchist International ends its last congress in Verviers, Switzerland.
1911 -- Founding congress; Spanish anarcho-syndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT).

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September 9

1911 – Paul Goodman is born in New York City
1980 – The Plowshares Movement begins in Pennsylvania when a group of eight activists trespass onto a nuclear missile facility, damaging nuclear warheads and vandalizing documents
2000 – The headquarters of the Monroe County Republican Party Committee headquarters in Bloomington, Indiana are set on fire; the Earth Liberation Front claim responsibility

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September 10

1898 - Luigi Lucheni assassinated the Austrian Empress Elisabeth of Bavaria.

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September 11

1926 – Italian anarchist Gino Lucetti attempted to assassinate fascist dictator Benito Mussolini in Rome

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September 12

1874 - The Anarchist International ends its third congress in Brussels, Belgium
1919 – Emma Goldman is served a warrant for her arrest and deportation from the United States for her anti-war activism
1922 – American anarchist pacifist poet Jackson Mac Low is born
1939 – Following the declaration of World War II, Louis Lecoin and other French militant pacifists distribute 100,000 copies of the pamphlet "Paix immédiate"

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September 13

1874 – The Anarchist International ends its third congress in Brussels, Belgium.
1919 – Founding of the General Confederation of Labour, a Portuguese anarchist trade union

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September 14

1872 – The anarchist section of the International Workingman's Association begins its fifth congress in St. Imier, Switzerland.
1901 – The 25th President of the United States William McKinley is assassinated by the anarchist Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York
1985 – Julian Beck, lifelong poet and anarchist and cofounder of the Living Theatre dies in New York City at the age of sixty

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September 15

1923 - Osugi Sakae murdered by Japanese military.
1988 – Italian anarchist activist Celso Persici dies.

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September 16

1872 -- The Anarchist International is established at the St. Imier Congress.
1873 -- Ricardo Flores Magón b. - Mexican anarchist.
1920 -- A bomb explodes in Financial District of Manhattan, killing forty and injuring hundreds more.
1923 -- Two Japanese anarchist are arrested on suspicion of conspiring to overthrow the government, and later beaten to death.

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September 17

1898 – Last edition of Jewish anarchist newspaper Dos Fraye Vort
1937 – Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Santander ends as the last of Cantabria is conquered by the nationalists.

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September 18

1916 – Individualist anarchist historian James J. Martin (1916 – 2004) is born
1931 – The Korean People's Association in Manchuria is dissolved by the Japanese invasion, which establishes the totalitarian dictatorship of Manchukuo.
1945 – Volin (pictured), a leading light of the Russian anarchist movement, dies of tuberculosis in a Parisian hospital
1954 – Renowned cognitive scientist and teenage anarchist Steven Pinker is born

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September 19

1873 - Cantonal rebellion: The Canton of Málaga is dissolved.
1892 - Alexander Berkman sentenced to 22 years for his attempted assassination (pictured) of Henry Clay Frick.
1958 - Death of German anarcho-syndicalist Rudolf Rocker
1995 - The Unabomber's Manifesto is published by The Washington Post and The New York Times
2003 - ELF arsons four homes under construction in San Diego.

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September 20

1896 – Romanian anarchist activist (and later Bolshevik convert) Scarlat Callimachi, nicknamed "the Red Prince", is born
1898 – Brazil's first anarchist martyr, Italian Polenice Mattei, is assassinated in São Paulo

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September 21

1881 – Swiss anarchist, artist and scholar Ernst Frick (1881 – 1956) is born
1921 – Russian individualist anarchist insurrectionist Lev Chernyi (pictured) is executed without trial by the Cheka
1923 – Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman are joined in Berlin by Mollie Steimer and Senya Fleshin after their deportation from Russia where they had been imprisoned for anarchist activism
1970 – The Wimbledon Conservative Association in London is firebombed; the attack is one of many attributed to the The Angry Brigade and similar anarchist militant groups in England and France during the year

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September 22

1871 – Leading Japanese anarchist and Kropotkinite agitator Shusui Denjiro Kotoku (1871-1911) is born
1898 – French writer, anarchist and resistance fighter André Respaut (1898-1973) is born
1912 – The Mexican anarcho-syndicalist organisation Casa del Obrero Mundial (COM; House of the World Worker) is established in the face of harassment from the government of Francisco I. Madero
1967 – Situationist International propagandist Charles Radcliffe is charged with counterfeiting in London with after printing and distributing a pronouncement against the Vietnam War on a facsimile of the United States Dollar
1973 – Spanish anarchist militant Salvador Puig Antich is arrested; later executed for fighting the Franco regime

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September 23

1871 — Anarchist satirist, illustrator and abstract painter František Kupka (d. 1957) is born in Opocno, Bohemia
1880 — French anarchist singer Gaston Coute (d. 1911) is born
1911 — A manifesto is issued by the Junta of the anarchist Mexican Liberal Party, declaring war against authority, capital, and the Church; it was later broadcast and published in Regeneración

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September 24

1876 – A trial of thirty-three Umbrian anarchists in Perugia, Italy ends
1901 – After failing to uncover evidence of her complicity in the William McKinley assassination, authorities release Emma Goldman from jail
1918 – The radical labor union Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is declared illegal in Canada
1919 – The Ukrainian anarchist Black Army (pictured) outmaneuvers the White Army of General Denikin, leading to the latter's crushing defeat
2018 – Syrian Civil War: The International Revolutionary People's Guerrilla Forces (IRPGF) announces their dissolution.

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September 25

1938 – Former Black Army chief of military intelligence and later Cheka operative Lev Zadov is executed by the Stalin regime during the Great Purge
1973 – Spanish anarchist and anti-fascist revolutionary Salvador Puig Antich is detained by police and injured in a shootout, after which he is tried, condemned to death and executed by the fascists

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September 26

1876 – The Anarchist International begins its fourth congress in Bern, Switzerland.
1919 – The anarchist Revolutionary Insurrectionary Army of Ukraine reverse several months of retreat, by turning on and routing the pursuing White Army
1936 – Spanish Revolution: The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo joins the Generalitat de Catalunya, with Josep Juan i Domènech acting as Minister of Supplies, Joan Porqueras i Fàbregas as Minister of Economy, and Antonio García Birlán as Minister of Health

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September 27

1913 - Start of the First International Syndicalist Congress in London
1936 - Spanish Revolution: The President of Catalonia Lluís Companys announces the dissolution of the Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia, expanding the power of the Generalitat

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September 28

1864 - The International Workingmen's Association (IWA) is founded in London.
1923 - Tuli Kupferberg, member of The Fugs was born in New York City.

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September 29

1876 – The Anarchist International ends its fourth congress in Bern, Switzerland.
1907 – Welsh anarchist Sam Mainwaring (b. 1841) credited with coining the term "anarcho-syndicalism", dies in Parliament Hill Fields, London
1921 – After being arrested with Lev Chernyi on a charge of counterfeiting, Russian anarchist revolutionary Fanya Baron is executed by the Cheka on the personal order of Lenin

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September 30

1909 – The first notice of an Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) free speech fight appears in the "Industrial Worker", appealing to all members to join the struggle in Missoula, Montana
1918 – Ukrainian insurgents, led by Nestor Makhno and Fedir Shchus, defeat the Austro-Hungarian Army at the battle of Dibrivka.

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September 31

Portal:Anarchism/Anniversaries/September/September 31

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