Portal:Anarchism/Anniversaries/February

These are the selected anniversaries for February that appear on the Anarchism portal. The "edit" links edit the portal subpages that are displayed as sections here.

February 1

• 1860 - Michel Zevaco was born in Ajaccio, France.
• 1908 - Carlos I and Luís Filipe of Portugal were assassinated by Alfredo Luís da Costa and Manuel Buíça in Lisbon.
• 1931 - Severino Di Giovanni was executed.
• 1944 - Robert Higgs (pictured) was born.

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February 2

• 1855 – Birth of German anarchist Fritz Köster.
• 1894 – Birth of Spanish anarchist Novel Delgado.
• 1934 – German anarchist Erich Mühsam (pictured) transferred to Oranienburg concentration camp.
• 1945 – Birth of anarcho-capitalist writer David D. Friedman.

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February 3

• 1909 - Simone Weil born in Paris, France.
• 1913 - The trial of the surviving members of the French illegalist Bonnot Gang began.

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February 4

• 1900 - French poet Jacques Prévert was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine.

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February 5

Mexican Magonistas upon the capture of Tijuana (1911).

• 1911 – Guadalupe, Mexico captured by Ricardo Flores Magón's revolutionary anarchist forces.

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February 6

• 1864 - John Henry Mackay was born in Greenock, Scotland.
• 1872 - Luigi Bertoni was born in Milan, Italy.
• 1899 - Sébastien Faure (pictured) debuts his daily Le Journal du Peuple (The Journal of the People).
• 1919 - The six day Seattle General Strike begins.
• 1951 - Spanish maqui Marcelino Massana was arrested in Toulouse, France.

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February 7

• 1848 - Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's journal Le Representant du Peuple appeared.
• 1885 - August Reinsdorf was executed for attempting to assassinate Kaiser Wilhelm.
• 1917 - Thomas Mooney was falsely convicted of the Preparedness Day Bombing.
• 1922 - Samuel Fielden, the only Haymarket defendant not buried in Waldheim Cemetery, dies in Colorado.

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February 8

Peter Kropotkin on his deathbed

• 1921 – Peter Kropotkin dies (pictured) in Dmitrov, Russia.
• 1937 – Spanish Revolution:
  • The Interprovincial Council of Santander, Palencia and Burgos is established, appointing Vicente del Solar Romero as Vice President and Minister of Popular Credit, Teodoro Quijano Arbizu as Minister of Propaganda and Timoteo Chapero Fernández as Minister of Health and Hygiene.
  • The Málaga Public Health Committee is dissolved with the fall of Málaga and thousands are murdered by the nationalists.

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February 9

• 1969 - The Bank of Spain in Liverpool, England was bombed by the Angry Brigade.

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February 10

• 1896 - Home Colony was founded in Washington.
• 1920 - Alex Comfort, the author of The Joy of Sex, was born.
• 1932 - Spain's Confederación Nacional del Trabajo declared a general strike.
• 1939 - Spanish Civil War: The Catalonia Offensive ends in a nationalist victory, Catalan institutions including the New Unified School Council are dissolved.

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February 11

• 1916 - Emma Goldman was arrested for advocating birth control.
• 1918 - Tens of thousands of Danish syndicalists storm the Stock Exchange in Copenhagen.
• 1994 - Paul Feyerabend, originator of Epistemological anarchism, died in Switzerland.

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February 12

• 1894 - Émile Henry throws a bomb into the Café Terminus (pictured), killing one person and wounding twenty more.
• 1905 - Federica Montseny was born in Madrid, Spain.

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February 13

• 1884 - The Florence, Italy offices of La Questione Sociale were raided.
• 1921 - In Moscow, Russia, Peter Kropotkin's funeral was the last public anarchist gathering until the fall of the Soviet government.

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February 14

• 1885 - Jules Vallès died of complications from diabetes in Paris, France.
• 1886 - Ángel Pestaña was born in Ponferrada, Spain.
• 1910 - After 32 years in prison for attempting to assassinate Umberto I of Italy, Giovanni Passannante died in the asylum of Montelupo Fiorentino.
• 1923 - Nicola Sacco began a hunger strike in prison.
• 1936 - Spain's Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT) issued a manifesto warning of a pending right-wing coup, five months before it happened.
• 1937 - The Federation of Collectives of Aragon was founded, and Emma Goldman spoke in Glasgow, Scotland about the CNT's part in the Spanish Revolution.
• 1970 - The trial of the Chicago Seven goes to the jury.

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February 15

• 1894 - French anarchist Martial Bourdin attempts to destroy the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London with a bomb, which exploded in his hand.
• 1915 - The "Manifesto Against the War" was published by Emma Goldman, Alexander Berkman, Errico Malatesta and others, criticizing anarchists such as Peter Kropotkin for supporting the Allies.
• 1946 - French anarchist filmmaker Jean Vigo's Zéro de conduite is released after being banned since 1933.

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February 16

• 1844 - James Guillaume, member of the Jura federation was born in London.
• 1848 - Octave Mirbeau (pictured) was born in Trévières, France.
• 1932 - Anarchists temporarily take control of the Catalan city of Terrassa.
• 2006 - Historian of anarchism Paul Avrich died.

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February 17

• 1880 - Stepan Khalturin attempted to assassinate Alexander II of Russia in Saint Petersburg.
• 1905 - Russian Revolution: Ivan Kalyayev assassinated Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia in Moscow.
• 1940 - Emma Goldman suffered a stroke, which hospitalized her for six weeks.

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February 18

• 1884 - Leo Tolstoy (pictured) sees the press run of his What I Believe seized by the Russian authorities.
• 1887 - Confederación Nacional del Trabajo member Joan Peiró was born.
• 1916 - Ricardo Flores Magón was arrested in Los Angeles, California.
• 1970 - The Chicago Seven trial ends, with all conspiracy charges dropped, but five of the seven being convicted of crossing state lines with intent to incite riots.

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February 19

• 1849 - Giovanni Passannante is born in Salvia di Lucania, Italy.
• 1919 - Georges Clemenceau was shot five times by anarchist Louis-Emile Cottin, who served ten years in prison for the act.
• 1920 - John Creaghe died in Washington D.C.
• 1947 - Pierre Besnard, founder of the French General Confederation of Revolutionary Trade Unions died.
• 1962 - Émile Armand died

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February 20

• 1931 - Paraguay: Obdulio Barthe led the taking of Encarnación, establishing the city as a revolutionary commune.
• 1970 - The Chicago Seven were sentenced.

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February 21

• 1919 - Russian Civil War: The insurgent detachments of Nestor Makhno are reorganized into the 3rd Trans-Dnepr Brigade of the Red Army.
• 1948 - The Movimiento Libertario de Resistencia officially dissolves.
• 1972 - Christian anarchist Philip Berrigan's trial for allegedly conspiring to kidnap Henry Kissinger.

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February 22

• 1879 - Révolte (later La Révolte) was founded in Geneva, Switzerland by Peter Kropotkin, Élisée Reclus, and others, with an initial press-run of 2,000 copies.
• 1918 - The offices of Cronaca Sovversiva were raided.
• 1927 - The Dielo Truda group calls for an international anarchist conference to be held in Paris the following April 20th.
• 1930 - Camillo Berneri (pictured) was sentenced to six months in prison.
• 1938 - Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Teruel ends in a nationalist victory.
• 1994 - George Woodcock received the Freedom of the City award from Vancouver, British Columbia.

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February 23

• 1919 - The Portuguese General Confederation of Labour's daily paper A Batalha premiers, with a press-run of 25,000 copies.

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February 24

• 1848 - France: Michael Bakunin returns to Paris this month after the February Revolution (demonstrations in Paris lead to overthrow of Louis Phillippe & declaration of the Second Republic (22-24)) & he publishes several letters in the press. Bakunin was expelled from France in December & had moved to Brussels (where he met his arch-nemesis Karl Marx again; they meet up yet again in March, where a split begins over Marx's denunciation of Bakunin's friend Herwegh, who had led an ill-fated expedition of German exiles to Baden in the hope of instigating an uprising).
• 1849 - France: Nicolas Thomassin lives (1849-1919), Ardennes. A weaver, socialist, anarchist, participant in "Sans patrie" (formed October 18, 1891) with Gustave Bouillard, Pierre Leroux, Paulin Mailfait, etc.
• 1886 - Maurice Vandamme, (aka Mauricius) (d.1974) lives. French néo-Malthusien, free-love advocate, anti-militarist, medical research doctor. One-time companion of Rirette Maitrejean. Involved in numerous papers, including Libertad's L'Anarchie, Sebastien Faure's Ce Qu'il Faut Dire (What Must Be Said) & Émile's la Mêlée.

• 1895 - José Marti, Cuban revolutionary begins liberation struggle against Spain.

“The spectators in the orchestra of the theater fix their view on the scaffold — a sign, a noise, the trap door gives way, now they die, in a horrible dance, twisting in the air.

“José Martí wrote the story of the execution of the anarchists in Chicago. The working class of the world will bring them back to life every first of May. That was still unknown, but Martí always writes as if he is listening for the cry of a newborn where it is least expected.”

— Eduardo Galeano, “A Terrible Drama” Memories of Fire, Vol. II)

• 1907 - Brazil: Inauguration of the libertarian "Social School of the Campinas League of Workers." The anarchist militant Adelino de Pinho begins teaching here in 1908.
• 1924 - Uruguay: On the rue Monte Caseros, Montevideo Chief of Police Luis Pardeiro & his chauffeur are killed in a hail of bullets. An attentat against the renowned torturer of many anarchists (Miguel Arcangel Roscigno, et al), the attack is attributed to the anarchists Armando Guidot, Bruno Antonelli Dellabella & Francisco Sapia.
• 1933 - England: Emma Goldman lectures in London on "Constructive Revolution."
• 1939 - The CNT-FAI announced it will end activities abroad, thanked international community for its support.
• 1951 - The French Groupes anarchistes d’action prolétarienne (Anarchist Groups of Proletarian Action) was formed in Italy by former members of the FAI excluded at the congress of Ancône.
• 1966 - US: Barry Bondhus dumps 10 pounds of his own shit on draft files (or 22nd?) On being found suitable for military service, 20-year-old Barry Bondhus dumps two buckets of human shit into the files of the Sherburne County draft board at Elk River, MN. Chicago anarchists applaud his action in a solidarity leaflet: Along with wheelbarrows of desire, buckets of shit will stop the war in Vietnam.
• 1982 - Lucien Tronchet (1902-1982), dies. Anarchist & Swiss trade unionist whose antifascist activities landed him in prison. As a youngster, he joined FOBB (Federation of Wood & Building Workers) with Clovis Abel Pignat.

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February 25

Victor Dave

• 1845 – Victor Dave (pictured) was born in Belgium.
• 1908 – In an editorial, the Washington Post called for all anarchists to be put to death.
• 1931 – Ben Boloff convicted under Oregon anti-anarchist law.
• 1960 – John Cage's Music for Amplified Toy Pianos premiers in Middletown, Connecticut.

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February 26

• 1894 - In France, Jean Grave was charged and sentenced to two years in prison for publishing La société mourante et l'anarchie.
• 1918 - Russian Revolution: The Soviet Republic of Naissaar is dissolved by the German imperial occupation of Naissaar, after an appeal by the Estonian Provisional Government for aid.
• 1920 - The Italian anarchist daily Umanità Nova debuted with a press-run of 50,000.

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February 27

• 1905 – Ricardo Flores Magón and his brother Enrique (pictured) begin publishing Regeneración in St. Louis, Missouri, which would be suppressed by the US government before the end of the year.
• 1908 – The San Francisco Chronicle declares that calling ones self an anarchist is "a decisive proof of incurable madness."
• 1913 – The trial of the Bonnot Gang ends with three receiving death sentences.

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February 28

• 1887 – Clément Duval had his death sentence commuted to life in prison.
• 1916 – The Manifesto of the Sixteen is signed by Peter Kropotkin and Jean Grave.
• 1917 – Ben Reitman was acquitted of charges of advocating birth control.
• 1930 – Russia: The All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued a decree on the resettlement of Tolstoyan communes and cooperatives to Siberia.
• 1933 – Erich Mühsam (pictured) was arrested and blamed for the Reichstag fire, eventually being sent to a concentration camp, where he died.

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February 29

• 1944 - Félix Fénéon died.

External links

• Anarchist Timeline (4,500+ entries)
• Daily Bleed's Anarchist Encyclopedia
• The Daily Bleed Calendar A Wakeup Call, Better Than Boiled Coffee!

Edit February 29 anniversaries