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Podalyrieae

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Podalyrieae
Virgilia divaricata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Clade: Meso-Papilionoideae
Clade: Genistoids
Clade: Core Genistoids
Tribe: Podalyrieae
(Benth.) Cardoso et al. 2013[1][2]
Genera[1][3]

See text

Synonyms[4]
  • Genisteae subtribe Lipariinae (Benth.) Benth.
  • Liparieae (Benth.) Harv.
  • Liparieae subtribe Lipariinae (Benth.) Benth.
  • Loteae subtribe Lipariinae Benth.

The tribe Podalyrieae is one of the subdivisions of the plant family Fabaceae.

Description

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The Podalyrieae arose 30.5 ± 2.6 million years ago (in the Oligocene) in the fynbos (Cape Floristic Region) of South Africa and is still mostly found there.[5][6] All members of the tribe exhibit either nonsprouting or sprouting fire survival strategies.[7] Many species are pollinated by insects, especially carpenter bees,[4] while others are pollinated by sunbirds or rodents.[5]

The members of this tribe consistently form a monophyletic clade in molecular phylogenetic analyses.[1][4][5][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The tribe does not currently have a node-based definition, but several morphological synapomorphies have been identified:

"imparipinnately compound leaves, axillary racemose inflorescences, carboxylic acid esters of quinolizidine alkaloids, and the isoflavone 3′-hydroxydaidzein as a major seed flavonoid"[1][5][15] as well as "strongly reduced or absent bracteoles and the occurrence of persistent antipodals in the female gametophyte."[4]

Subtribes and genera

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Subtribe Xiphothecinae

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Subtribe Podalyriinae

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Unassigned

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Cardoso D, Pennington RT, de Queiroz LP, Boatwright JS, Van Wyk BE, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2013). "Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes". S Afr J Bot. 89: 58–75. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.05.001. hdl:10566/3193.
  2. ^ Wojciechowski MF (2013). "Towards a new classification of Leguminosae: Naming clades using non-Linnaean phylogenetic nomenclature". S Afr J Bot. 89: 85–93. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.017.
  3. ^ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program (17 January 2003). "GRIN species records of Podalyrieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 4 August 2010.
  4. ^ a b c d Schutte AL; Van Wyk BE; Schutte-Vlok AL; Forest F.; Van der Bank M. (1998). "Evolutionary relationships in the Podalyrieae and Liparieae (Fabaceae) based on morphological, cytological, and chemical evidence". Pl Syst Evol. 209 (1–2): 1–31. Bibcode:1998PSyEv.209....1S. doi:10.1007/BF00991521.
  5. ^ a b c d e Boatwright JS; Savolainen V; Van Wyk B-E; Schutte-Vlok AL; Forest F; Van der Bank M (2008). "Systematic position of the anomalous genus Cadia and the phylogeny of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae)". Syst Bot. 33 (1): 133–147. doi:10.1600/036364408783887500.
  6. ^ Linder HP (2003). "The radiation of the Cape flora, southern Africa". Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 78 (4): 597–638. doi:10.1017/S1464793103006171. PMID 14700393.
  7. ^ Schutte AL, Vlok JH, Van Wyk BE (1995). "Fire-survival strategy—a character of taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary importance in fynbos legumes". Pl Syst Evol. 195 (3–4): 243–259. Bibcode:1995PSyEv.195..243S. doi:10.1007/BF00989299.
  8. ^ Cardoso D, de Queiroz LP, Pennington RT, de Lima HC, Fonty É, Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M (2012). "Revisiting the phylogeny of papilionoid legumes: new insights from comprehensively sampled early-branching lineages". Am J Bot. 99 (12): 1991–2013. doi:10.3732/ajb.1200380. PMID 23221500.
  9. ^ Käss E, Wink M (1996). "Molecular evolution of the Leguminosae: Phylogeny of the three subfamilies based on rbcL-sequences". Biochem Syst Ecol. 24 (5): 365–378. Bibcode:1996BioSE..24..365K. doi:10.1016/0305-1978(96)00032-4.
  10. ^ Käss E, Wink M (1997). "Phylogenetic Relationships in the Papilionoideae (Family Leguminosae) Based on Nucleotide Sequences of cpDNA (rbcL) and ncDNA (ITS 1 and 2)". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 8 (1): 65–88. Bibcode:1997MolPE...8...65K. doi:10.1006/mpev.1997.0410. PMID 9242596.
  11. ^ Doyle JJ, Doyle JL, Ballenger JA, Dickson EE, Kajita T, Ohashi H (1997). "A phylogeny of the chloroplast gene rbcL in the Leguminosae: taxonomic correlations and insights into the evolution of nodulation". Am J Bot. 84 (4): 541–554. doi:10.2307/2446030. JSTOR 2446030. PMID 21708606.
  12. ^ Wink M, Mohamed GI (2003). "Evolution of chemical defense traits in the Leguminosae: mapping of distribution patterns of secondary metabolites on a molecular phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of the rbcL gene". Biochem Syst Ecol. 31 (8): 897–917. Bibcode:2003BioSE..31..897W. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00085-1.
  13. ^ Crisp MD, Gilmore S, Van Wyk BE (2000). "Molecular phylogeny of the genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes". In Herendeen PS, Bruneau A (eds.). Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 9. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. pp. 249–276. ISBN 978-1842460177. Archived from the original on 2014-01-16. Retrieved 2014-02-25.
  14. ^ LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] (2013). "Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades" (PDF). Taxon. 62 (2): 217–248. doi:10.12705/622.8. hdl:10566/3455.
  15. ^ Van Wyk B-E. (2003). "The value of chemosystematics in clarifying relationships in the Genistoid tribes of papilionoid legumes". Biochem Syst Ecol. 31 (8): 875–884. Bibcode:2003BioSE..31..875V. doi:10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00083-8.
  16. ^ van der Bank M, Chase MW, van Wyk BE, Fay MF, van der Bank FH, Reeves G, Hulme A (2002). "Systematics of the tribe Podalyrieae (Fabaceae) based on DNA, morphological and chemical data". Bot J Linn Soc. 139 (2): 159–170. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2002.00051.x.
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