Plenasium

Plenasium; Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Plenasium vachellii (syn. Osmunda vachellii) in the Shing Mun Arboretum, Hong Kong
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Osmundales
Family:	Osmundaceae
Genus:	Plenasium; C.Presl
Type species
	Plenasium banksiifolium; (Presl) Presl
Species
	See text.
Synonyms
	Aurealcaulis Tidwell & Parker 1987;

Plenasium is a genus of ferns in the family Osmundaceae.^[1] It is recognized in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I),^[2] but kept within a more broadly circumscribed genus Osmunda by other sources.^[3] The genus is known from Early Cretaceous to present.^[4]

Taxonomy

As of October 2019^[update], the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepted the following four species:^[1]

Phylogeny of Plenasium^[5]^[6]

Plenasium angustifolium (Ching) A.E.Bobrov

Plenasium vachellii (Hook.) C.Presl

	Plenasium banksiifolium (C.Presl) C.Presl

	Plenasium javanicum (Blume) C.Presl

The following fossil species are also accepted.^[4]

†P. arnoldii (C.N.Mill. 1967) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017
†P. bransonii (Tidwell & Medlyn, 1991) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (?Eocene: New Mexico, USA).
†P. burgii (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: Nebraska, USA).
†P. chandleri (Arnold 1952) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin
†P. crossii (Tidwell & L.R.Parker, 1987) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Paleocene: Wyoming, USA).
†P. dakotense (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: South Dakota, USA).
†P. dowkeri (Carruthers 1870) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017
†P. moorei (Tidwell & Medlyn, 1991) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (?Eocene: New Mexico, USA).
†P. nebraskense (Tidwell & J.E.Skog, 2002) Bomfleur, Grimm & McLoughlin 2017 (Early Cretaceous: Nebraska, USA).
†P. (Aurealcaulis) elegans Hiller et al. 2019 (Eocene, Vietnam)^[7]
†P. (Plenasium) xiei Cheng et al. 2019 (Late Cretaceous, Northeastern China)^[8]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (August 2019), "Plenasium", Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World, Version 8.10, retrieved 2019-10-01
^ PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
^ "Plenasium C.Presl", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-10-01
^ ^a ^b Bomfleur, Benjamin; Grimm, Guido W.; McLoughlin, Stephen (2017-07-11). "The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes". PeerJ. 5: e3433. doi:10.7717/peerj.3433. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5508817. PMID 28713650.
^ Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
^ "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.3.0. 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
^ Hiller, P.; Böhme, M.; Schneider, S.; Prieto, J.; Bomfleur, B. (2020-04-17). "Plenasium (Aurealcaulis) elegans sp. nov. from the Eocene of Vietnam – a connecting link in the evolution of modern Royal Ferns (Osmundeae, Osmundaceae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (8): 703–715. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18..703H. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1683771. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 209573114.
^ Cheng, Ye-Ming; Liu, Feng-Xiang; Tian, Ning; Jin, Yue-Gao; Sun, Tong-Xing (2021). "Plenasium xiei sp. nov. from the Cretaceous of Northeast China: Additional evidence for the longevity of osmundaceous ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 59 (2): 375–387. doi:10.1111/jse.12532. ISSN 1759-6831. S2CID 199634398.

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[CFLW-1] Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (August 2019), "Plenasium", Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World, Version 8.10, retrieved 2019-10-01

[PPGI-2] PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.

[POWO_17177990-1-3] "Plenasium C.Presl", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2019-10-01

[:0-4] Bomfleur, Benjamin; Grimm, Guido W.; McLoughlin, Stephen (2017-07-11). "The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes". PeerJ. 5: e3433. doi:10.7717/peerj.3433. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 5508817. PMID 28713650.

[5] Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.

[6] "Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.3.0. 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.

[7] Hiller, P.; Böhme, M.; Schneider, S.; Prieto, J.; Bomfleur, B. (2020-04-17). "Plenasium (Aurealcaulis) elegans sp. nov. from the Eocene of Vietnam – a connecting link in the evolution of modern Royal Ferns (Osmundeae, Osmundaceae)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (8): 703–715. Bibcode:2020JSPal..18..703H. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1683771. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 209573114.

[8] Cheng, Ye-Ming; Liu, Feng-Xiang; Tian, Ning; Jin, Yue-Gao; Sun, Tong-Xing (2021). "Plenasium xiei sp. nov. from the Cretaceous of Northeast China: Additional evidence for the longevity of osmundaceous ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 59 (2): 375–387. doi:10.1111/jse.12532. ISSN 1759-6831. S2CID 199634398.

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