Plantago rugelii
| Plantago rugelii | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Plantaginaceae |
| Genus: | Plantago |
| Species: | P. rugelii
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| Binomial name | |
| Plantago rugelii | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Heterotypic synonyms
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Plantago rugelii is an edible species of flowering plant in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae. It is native to North America, where it occurs in eastern Canada and the central and eastern United States. Its common names include American plantain, blackseed plantain, and pale plantain.[2] The specific epithet rugelii honors Ferdinand Rugel, a botanist and plant collector who collected plant specimens throughout the southeastern United States during the period 1840–1848.
Description
[edit]This perennial herb grows from a taproot and fibrous root system. Extract from the roots of this plant have been shown to inhibit the hatching of nematodes.[3] It produces a basal rosette of wide oval leaves with longitudinal veining and a somewhat waxy texture. The base of the petiole may be reddish or purple. A scape bears clusters of whitish flowers. The fruit is a capsule about half a centimeter long containing several seeds. It splits down the middle. Plantago major is very similar, but it lacks the red tinge on the petioles and its leaves are darker and waxier.[4]
Taxonomy
[edit]Plantago rugelii was named and described by the French botanist Joseph Decaisne in 1852.[5] Its holotype is archived in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle in Paris.[6] The specific epithet rugelii honors Ferdinand Rugel,[7] the botanist who collected an isotype of Plantago rugelii in Decatur, Alabama in 1843.[8][9] The species is commonly known as Rugel's plantain.[10]
Habitat
[edit]Plantago rugelii is commonly found in areas such as meadows, woodland borders, and stream banks, as well as in lawns and gardens and near paved areas.[11]
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Leaves sprouting in spring, showing purple leaf bases -
Flowers -
Immature seed pods. They are longer than those of Plantago major.
References
[edit]- ^ "Plantago rugelii Decne.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- ^ "Plantago rugelii". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
- ^ Meyer, Susan L. F.; Zasada, Inga A.; Roberts, Daniel P.; Vinyard, Bryan T.; Lakshman, Dilip K.; Lee, Jae-Kook; Chitwood, David J.; Carta, Lynn K. (September 2006). "Plantago lanceolata and Plantago rugelii Extracts are Toxic to Meloidogyne incognita but not to Certain Microbes". Journal of Nematology. 38 (3): 333–338. ISSN 0022-300X. PMC 2586708. PMID 19259537.
- ^ "Blackseed Plantain: Plantago rugelii". Virginia Tech Weed Identification Guide. Archived from the original on 2013-09-22.
- ^ "Plantago rugelii Decne.". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- ^ "Specimen P00609798: Plantago rugelii Decne.". Paris (France): Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- ^ "Ferdinand Ignatius Xavier Rugel". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ Decaisne (1852), p. 700.
- ^ "Specimen G00148402: Plantago rugelii Decne.". Catalogue des herbiers de Genève (CHG). Geneva (Switzerland): Conservatoire & Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- ^ "Plantago rugelii (Rugel's Plantain)". Minnesota Wildflowers. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
- ^ Hilty, John (2020). "Blackseed Plantain". Illinois Wildflowers.
Bibliography
[edit]- Decaisne, Joseph (1852). "Plantaginaceae". In Candolle, Alphonse Pyramus de (ed.). Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Vol. 13, Part 1. pp. 693–738. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
External links
[edit]- Kansas Wildflowers and Grasses
- "Flora of Wisconsin", Wisconsin State Herbarium, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Native Plant Database profile, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center, University of Texas at Austin
- "Plantago rugelii — Rugel's plantain". Go Botany. Native Plant Trust. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
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