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Pier 57

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Coordinates: 40°44′37″N 74°00′38″W / 40.74361°N 74.01056°W / 40.74361; -74.01056
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Not to be confused with Pier 57 in the Central Waterfront of Seattle, Washington.

Pier 57
Pier 57 is located in New York City
Pier 57
Pier 57 is located in New York
Pier 57
Pier 57 is located in the United States
Pier 57
Location25 Eleventh Avenue, New York, NY 10011
Coordinates40°44′37″N 74°00′38″W / 40.74361°N 74.01056°W / 40.74361; -74.01056
Built1950–1954[1][2][3]
ArchitectEmil Praeger
NRHP reference No.04000821
Added to NRHPAugust 11, 2004

Pier 57 is a long pier located in the Hudson River on the West Side of Manhattan in New York City. Opened in December 1954, it sits at the end of West 15th Street on Eleventh Avenue (West Side Highway), just south of the Chelsea Piers sports complex and just north of Little Island. It underwent renovations starting in the early 2010s, and is currently operated by Google. In addition to serving as a campus for employees, the pier opened to the public in April 2023.

Design

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The Hudson River facade of Pier 57.

Consisting of two stories above the waterline, the pier also has a concrete basement resting on the riverbed, and an Art Deco-style metal enclosure at the west end with stainless-steel signage reading "MARINE & AVIATION" and displaying the identifying designation "PIER 57". The headhouse at the east end of the pier is steel-framed with a brick exterior, bearing similar signage. The long sides of the structure are each topped with a line of continuous "burton" cargo handling frames, which allowed freight to be easily transferred to and from ships docked at the pier.[3][4][5][6]

The pier is notable for being underpinned by three separate submerged buoyant concrete caissons, which are spanned by long steel girders supporting the building above. Designer Emil Praeger of the firm Madigan-Hyland had created similar structures as part of the American military effort in World War II, including temporary breakwaters that were used as part of the D-Day invasion. The caissons were constructed in 1951 and 1952 inside a diked and drained pond in Grassy Point near Haverstraw, New York, and after completion were floated down the Hudson to the site. The two largest (in terms of volume) concrete caissons are 360 feet (110 m) long, 82 feet (25 m) wide and 33 feet (10 m) high. The third is 375 feet (114 m) long, 25 feet (7.6 m) high, and of similar width to the other two caissons. The caissons weigh as much as 27,000 short tons (24,000 t), but float because they weigh less than the 47,000 short tons (43,000 t) of water that they displace.[1][3][5][7] Their buoyancy supports 90% of the pier's weight, with the riverbed supporting the rest.[1][8] The caissons, often referred to as concrete boxes and dubbed "Cheeseboxes" during construction,[8] are laid out in a T-shape, with the two caissons of equal dimensions laid out from west-to-east, and the third from north-to-south. The caissons were placed on top of the wooden pilings of the original wooden pier, which were filled with sand and gravel.[1][5][9] Dubbed "The World's Most Modern Pier" and the "Superpier",[5][6][9] it was hailed as an innovative structure, being fireproof, extremely durable and immune to many of the problems that had historically plagued wooden waterfront construction.[1][3][5]

There is a 2.5-acre (1.0 ha) roof garden atop Pier 57, which opened in April 2022.[10][11] In addition to serving as a park, the rooftop space insulates the building, collects rainwater, and filters air.[12]

History

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Construction

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The front facade of Pier 57 in 2012.

Prior to the construction of the current Pier 57, a wooden pier also called Pier 57 was located at the site, built in 1907 at the cost of $1.2 million.[1][5][13] It was leased to the Grace Line in 1939.[13] On September 29, 1947, a large fire engulfed the pier lasting several days into early October. Over 200 firefighters were dispatched to the blaze, along with numerous fireboats including the John J. Harvey. The fire originated in the structure's wooden support piles, and the fire was attributed to either the preservation of the piles with creosote or another oil substance, or the accumulation of fuel in the wooden beams. The damage was estimated at $5 million.[1][13][14][15][16]

Shortly after the fire, a replacement pier was planned, with the concrete caisson supports selected to provide a fireproof base.[1] Construction began on August 30, 1950.[1] By September 18, 1952, the three concrete boxes were installed.[1] At the time of its construction, Pier 57 was the largest dock building effort ever undertaken by the City of New York.[3] During construction, a gasoline fire at the site in 1953 killed two workers and injured a third.[1] Final construction costs totaled $12 million.[9] The designers were awarded the Architectural League of New York's Gold Medal in Engineering for this innovative design in 1955.[17]

Maritime use

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The pier was dedicated on March 5, 1954,[9] and opened on December 29, 1954.[1][18] In attendance of both events were Mayor Robert F. Wagner Jr. and city Fire Commissioner Edward Francis Cavanagh, Jr., who had been the Department of Marine and Aviation commissioner that oversaw the planning of the pier.[1][9] The Grace Line began serving the pier on March 7, 1955 after a dispute with the International Longshoremen's Association.[19] From its opening, the pier served as a terminal for shipping and storage of cargo for the company, replacing the original wooden structure.[6] The company sold its shipping business in 1967.[1][2] From 1971 until 2003, Pier 57 housed the Hudson Pier Bus Depot for the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA).[1][2][20] The pier was vacated in 2004.[3][4]

About one year after the NYCTA vacated the pier, Pier 57 was temporarily utilized as a detention center during the 2004 Republican National Convention, when approximately 1,200 anti-RNC protesters were arrested and sent to a makeshift detention/processing center at Pier 57. Over 1,800 were arrested during the entire event, giving rise to the nickname "Guantanamo on the Hudson" for the temporary facility. Medical activists reportedly treated many people held at Pier 57 for chemical burns, rashes, and infections that resulted from direct, prolonged exposure to the motor oil, asbestos, and other contaminants from its days as a bus garage.[21][22]

Redevelopment

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In recognition of its historic engineering significance, the structure was placed on the New York State and National Registers of Historic Places in 2004.[23] Past proposals for re-use have included a 2004 competitive process pitting an extension of the nearby Chelsea Piers sports complex against "Leonardo at Pier 57", an Italian cultural center that was to be operated by Cipriani S.A.[24][25] However, an investigation by the DA's office sparked by an anonymous tip regarding financial irregularities caused the Cipriani team to back out and scuttled the process.[26]

In 2009, the Hudson River Park Trust selected Youngwoo & Associates to redevelop the site.[27][28] The concept, dubbed the SuperPier after a nickname given to the structure in a 1952 Popular Mechanics article,[5] includes a retail shopping environment based on salvaged steel shipping containers and re-use of the roof and concrete-encased basement space below the waterline, as well as incubator office rental spaces for start-up companies. The office spaces will be developed and leased by RXR Realty.[29] The structure would contain offices for Google, which also had offices in the nearby 111 Eighth Avenue building.[30] The renovated Pier 57 building was originally also supposed to include Bourdain Market, a food market by the TV chef Anthony Bourdain, but plans for the market were scrapped in late 2017.[31]

View facing east of rooftop park with lawn and outdoor theater (2023)

By March 2017, the pier was scheduled to reopen in 2018.[30] The structure topped out in June 2017, in advance of a proposed summer 2018 opening.[32] After Bourdain Market canceled its plans to move into Pier 57, Google signed a lease to occupy additional space in the portion of the building where Bourdain Market would have been located. By that time, Pier 57 was expected to open in 2019.[33][34] In October 2020, City Winery opened a 32,000-square-foot (3,000 m2) space at Pier 57.[35] In April 2022, the rooftop park opened.[36][10][11] As of 2023, Pier 57 is currently owned by Hudson River Park Trust and leased to Young Woo & Associates and RXR Realty. Google is a major tenant and operator of the ground floor public spaces, the newest space in their New York City campuses. Pier 57 reopened to the public on April 1, 2023.[37]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Doswell, John (September 24, 2003). "Pier 57's Construction Was an Engineering Marvel". The Villager. Archived from the original on November 29, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
  2. ^ a b c "PIER 57 REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT; Pier 57: Final Scope of Work for an Environmental Impact Statement" (PDF). Hudson River Park Trust; Hudson Eagle, LLC; AKRF, Inc.; Sam Schwartz Engineering. October 10, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Pier 57 Redevelopment Project: Final Environmental Impact Statement; Chapter 7: Historic and Cultural Resources" (PDF). Hudson River Park Trust; Hudson Eagle, LLC; AKRF, Inc.; Sam Schwartz Engineering. February 22, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  4. ^ a b "PIER 57 REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT: Final Environmental Impact Statement; Chapter 8: Urban Design and Visual Resources" (PDF). Hudson River Park Trust; Hudson Eagle, LLC; AKRF, Inc.; Sam Schwartz Engineering. February 22, 2013. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g ""Superpier" "Almost Floats". Popular Mechanics. Hearst Magazines: 114–115. February 1952. Archived from the original on April 21, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  6. ^ a b c "Once-Neglected Pier 57 Prepares for Its SuperPier Moment". Curbed. January 17, 2014. Archived from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  7. ^ Dunlap, David W. "Pier 57 Goes Down in History as a Place Where Concrete Floats" Archived March 30, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Times, August 8, 2016. Accessed August 8, 2016. "Even though the larger ones weigh 27,000 tons, they displace about 47,000 tons of water, far more than their own weight."
  8. ^ a b "First of 360-Foot Pier 'Cheeseboxes' Floated As Skeptical Residents of Haverstraw Gawk" (PDF). The New York Times. Haverstraw, New York. July 22, 1952. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  9. ^ a b c d e "Cold, Error Mar Pier Dedication: Few Stay to Brave Wind at City Ceremony-Name Is Misspelled on Plaque" (PDF). The New York Times. March 5, 1954. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  10. ^ a b Hickman, Matt (April 19, 2022). "New York City's largest rooftop park opens atop historic Pier 57 in Chelsea". The Architect’s Newspaper. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  11. ^ a b Rosendale, Gus (April 18, 2022). "NYC's Largest Rooftop Park Now Officially Open at Pier 57, Over the Hudson River". NBC New York. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  12. ^ Beckstrom, Dani (August 16, 2024). "Green space on roof of Pier 57 in Manhattan helps combat urban heat island effect". ABC7 New York. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  13. ^ a b c "Big Pier Burns On; 140 Firement Hurt" (PDF). The New York Times. September 30, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  14. ^ "Hudson Pier Razed By $5,000,000 Fire; Grace Liner Saved" (PDF). The New York Times. September 29, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  15. ^ "End of Pier Fire Today Predicted: Facade of Ruined Structure to Be Razed-City Has Plas for Rebuilding" (PDF). The New York Times. October 1, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  16. ^ "Pilings Not Creosoted: Engineer Reports on Protection of Pier Wrecked by Fire" (PDF). The New York Times. October 4, 1947. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  17. ^ The Record Reports: Meetings and Miscellany (PDF), Architectural Record, 1955, p. 18, archived (PDF) from the original on December 22, 2015, retrieved December 16, 2015
  18. ^ "New Marine Terminal Is Opened, Replacing Pier That Burned in '47" (PDF). The New York Times. December 29, 1954. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  19. ^ Horne, George (March 3, 1955). "Grace Line Opening New Pier 57 On Monday Despite Union Row: $12,000,000 Dock, Finished in December, Kept Idle by Hiring-Boss Fight" (PDF). The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  20. ^ Chen, David W. (October 15, 2003). "Hoping for a Waterfront Makeover Just South of Chelsea Piers". The New York Times. sec. B, p. 6.
  21. ^ Dangl, Benjamin (September 6, 2004). "Lawyers Guild, NYCLU Collecting Information on Infamous Pier 57 Jail". New Standard News. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  22. ^ "Policing Protest: The NYPD's Republican National Convention Documents". NYCLU. 2007. Archived from the original on August 17, 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  23. ^ "AssetDetail". Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  24. ^ Armateau, Albert (September 24–30, 2004). "Trust Considers Two Plans for Pier 57". Downtown Express. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
  25. ^ Steele, Lockhart (May 21, 2004). "Chelsea Piers Development Update". Curbed. Archived from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  26. ^ Anderson, Lincoln (January 2, 2007). "Pier 57 Process Is Barely Afloat Three Years Later". The Villager. Archived from the original on September 1, 2013. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
  27. ^ Piore, Adam (December 1, 2013). "Young Woo and Associates – SuperPier NY". The Real Deal New York. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  28. ^ "Pier 57 / LOT-EK + Young Woo & Associates". ArchDaily. August 7, 2009. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016. Retrieved March 31, 2016.
  29. ^ Satow, Julie (September 13, 2013). "Pier's Developer Looks for a Creative Tenant Mix". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014. Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  30. ^ a b Warerkar, Tanay (March 13, 2017). "Pier 57's Renovation Is Moving Forward in Chelsea". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on October 19, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  31. ^ Dai, Serena (December 22, 2017). "Bourdain Market Plans Nixed at Pier 57". Eater NY. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  32. ^ Schulz, Dana (May 1, 2017). "Google's Pier 57 Tops out Ahead of Summer 2018 Opening". 6sqft. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  33. ^ McCroy, Winnie (February 21, 2018). "Google Keeps Gobbling up Space in Chelsea; Takes More of Pier 57". The Villager Newspaper. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  34. ^ Warerkar, Tanay (February 9, 2018). "New Look at Pier 57 as Google Takes over Former Bourdain Market Spaces". Curbed NY. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  35. ^ Ong, Bao (October 13, 2020). "NYC's Largest Wine Bar Opens This Week on the Hudson River at Pier 57". Time Out New York. Archived from the original on October 16, 2020. Retrieved October 14, 2020.
  36. ^ "Governor Kathy Hochul and Mayor Eric Adams Join Hudson River Park Trust, Rxr and Google to Open 80,000-Square-Foot Public Park on Roof of Historic Pier 57" (PDF). April 18, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 27, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2022.
  37. ^ "Pier 57, A Love Letter to New York City". The Keyword. March 27, 2023. Archived from the original on March 27, 2023. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
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