Phytobia
| Phytobia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Phytobia lateralis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Agromyzidae |
| Subfamily: | Phytomyzinae |
| Genus: | Phytobia Lioy, 1864[1] |
| Type species | |
| Agromyza errans | |
| Synonyms | |
Phytobia is a genus of flies in the family Agromyzidae,[5] with a worldwide distribution principally in Europe and the Americas.[5]
Description
[edit]All known larvae of Phytobia feed on the young xylem within stems of woody plants, creating concealed galleries that may reach considerable lengths (reportedly up to 17 m in P. betulae).[6][7] P. betulae lays its eggs on the bark of new-growth twigs of suitable birch trees and, after hatching, larvae tunnel downwards along the shoot within the differentiating xylem layer, sometimes reaching the base of the tree. Adults are small- to medium-sized flies (approximately 5 mm in the case of P. betulae).[6] Confirmed host plant families for Phytobia species include Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, and Cupressaceae in North America, Europe, and Australia, with Asteraceae also hypothesized to be a host family based on the finding of possible larval sign on the shrub Wedelia calycina in Guadeloupe.[6][7] Larval tunnels mar the appearance of certain woods used commercially, and thus may be of economic importance.[7]
Species
[edit]- Phytobia aethiops (Walker, 1853)[8]
- Phytobia alocomentula Sasakawa, 1996
- Phytobia amazonica Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia amelanchieris (Greene, 1917)[10]
- Phytobia aucupariae (Kangas, 1949)
- Phytobia betulivora Spencer, 1969[11]
- Phytobia bifida Zlobin, 2002[12]
- Phytobia bifistula Sasakawa, 2004[13]
- Phytobia bimaculata Sasakawa, 2013[14]
- Phytobia bohemica Cerný, 2001
- Phytobia brincki Spencer, 1965[15]
- Phytobia cacaulandia Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia californica Spencer, 1981[16]
- Phytobia cambii (Hendel, 1931)
- Phytobia carbonaria (Zetterstedt, 1848)[17]
- Phytobia caudata Sasakawa, 2013[14]
- Phytobia cerasiferae (Kangas, 1955)
- Phytobia clypeolata Sasakawa, 1996
- Phytobia colorata Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia communis Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia confessa Spencer, 1969[11]
- Phytobia conigera Sasakawa, 2013[14]
- Phytobia correntosana (Malloch, 1934)[19]
- Phytobia coylesi Spencer, 1969[11]
- Phytobia cucullata Sasakawa, 2013[14]
- Phytobia delicata Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia diversata Spencer, 1961[20]
- Phytobia dorsocentralis (Frost, 1936)[21]
- Phytobia ecuadorensis Spencer, 1977[22]
- Phytobia errans (Meigen, 1830)[2]
- Phytobia fausta Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia flavifrontalis Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia flavohumeralis Sehgal, 1968[23]
- Phytobia flavosquamata (Spencer, 1959)[24]
- Phytobia frutescens Sasakawa, 1996
- Phytobia furcata (Sasakawa, 1963)
- Phytobia fusca Sasakawa, 1996
- Phytobia gigas Spencer, 1966[25]
- Phytobia graeca Cerný, 2011[26]
- Phytobia grandissima Singh & Ipe, 1973
- Phytobia guatemalensis Sasakawa, 2005[27]
- Phytobia harai Sasakawa, 1994[28]
- Phytobia hirticula (Sasakawa, 1963)
- Phytobia incerta Spencer, 1963[29]
- Phytobia indecora (Malloch, 1918)[30]
- Phytobia insulana Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia inusitata Spencer, 1966[31]
- Phytobia ipeii Singh & Tandon, 1966
- Phytobia iridis (Hendel, 1927)[32]
- Phytobia kallima Frost, 1936[21]
- Phytobia kuhlmanni Spencer, 1966[33]
- Phytobia lamasi Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia lanei Spencer, 1966[33]
- Phytobia liepae Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia lineata Sasakawa, 1955[34]
- Phytobia longipes Sasakawa, 1988[35]
- Phytobia lunulata Hendel, 1920[36]
- Phytobia luzonensis Sasakawa, 1996
- Phytobia maai (Spencer, 1962)[37]
- Phytobia macalpinei Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia magna (Sasakawa, 1963)
- Phytobia malabarensis Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia mallochi (Hendel, 1924)[38]
- Phytobia manifesta Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia matura Spencer, 1973[39]
- Phytobia megapodema Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia mentula Sasakawa, 1992[40]
- Phytobia millarae Spencer, 1977[41]
- Phytobia monsonensis Sasakawa, 1992[40]
- Phytobia morio (Brischke, 1881)[42]
- Phytobia multisetosa Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia nigeriensis Spencer, 1977
- Phytobia nigrita (Malloch, 1914)[43]
- Phytobia niheii Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia optabilis Spencer, 1977[18]
- Phytobia pallida Spencer, 1986[44]
- Phytobia pansa Sasakawa, 1996
- Phytobia papillata Sasakawa, 2013[14]
- Phytobia paranaensis (Spencer, 1966)[33]
- Phytobia peruensis Spencer, 1977[22]
- Phytobia pipinna Sasakawa, 1992[40]
- Phytobia planipalpis Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia powelli Spencer, 1981[16]
- Phytobia prolata (Sasakawa, 1963)
- Phytobia propincua (Sasakawa, 1963)
- Phytobia pruinosa (Coquillett, 1902)[45]
- Phytobia pruni (Grossenbacher, 1915)
- Phytobia prunivora Spencer, 1981[16]
- Phytobia pseudobetulivora Zlobin, 2008[46]
- Phytobia pyri Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia rabelloi Spencer, 1966[33]
- Phytobia ruandensis (Spencer, 1959)[24]
- Phytobia sasakawai Spencer, 1989[47]
- Phytobia semibifurcata Zlobin, 2002[12]
- Phytobia seticopia (Sasakawa, 1963)
- Phytobia setitibialis Sasakawa, 1992
- Phytobia setosa (Loew, 1869)[48]
- Phytobia shizukoae Spencer, 1965[15]
- Phytobia simpla Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia sinuosa Sasakawa, 2013[14]
- Phytobia spinifera Sousa & Couri, 2017[9]
- Phytobia spinulosa Sasakawa, 1992
- Phytobia subdiversata Sasakawa, 1996
- Phytobia terminalis (Sasakawa, 1963)
- Phytobia torulosa Sasakawa, 2013[14]
- Phytobia triangularis (Sasakawa, 2013)[14]
- Phytobia triplicis Zlobin, 2002[12]
- Phytobia unica Spencer, 1973[39]
- Phytobia vanduzeei Spencer, 1981[16]
- Phytobia vilkamaai Zlobin, 2002[12]
- Phytobia vindhyaensis Singh & Ipe, 1973
- Phytobia waltoni (Malloch, 1913)[49]
- Phytobia xanthophora (Schiner, 1868)[50]
- Phytobia xizangensis (Chen & Wang, 2008)[51]
References
[edit]- ^ Lioy, P. (1864). "I ditteri distribuiti secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale da Paolo Lioy colla descrizione delle famiglie e dei generi, colla indicazione delle specie trovate indigene nell'Italia settentrionale o che per analogie geografiche sarà facile incontrarvi, e con osservazioni sulla loro storia naturale, compilate particolarmente sull'opera di Macquart, Histoire naturelle dei dipteres, e su altri studi propri e di più recenti entomologi [part]". Atti dell'Imperial Regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti (3). 9 (5): 569–604.
- ^ a b Meigen, J. W. (1830). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. (Volume 6) (PDF) (in German). Schulz-Wundermann. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-09.
- ^ Enderlein, G. (1936). "Notizen zur Klassifikation der Agromyziden (Dipt.)". Mitteilungen der Deutsche Entomologische Gesellschaft. 7: 42.
- ^ Sasakawa, M. (1963). "Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera) in Bishop Museum, part 1". Pacific Insects. 5: 23–50.
- ^ a b Spencer, Kenneth A. (1973). Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Economic importance Series Entomologica. Vol. 9. The Hague. D. Gld.: Dr. W. Junk bv. pp. xii + 418 p.
- ^ a b c Lieutier, François; Day, Keith R.; Battisti, Andrea; Grégoire, Jean-Claude; Evans, Hugh F. (2007). Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 534–537. ISBN 978-1-4020-2241-8.
- ^ a b c Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de; Couri, Márcia Souto (2017-12-18). "Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species". Zoologia. 34: 1–25. doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308. ISSN 1984-4689.
- ^ Walker, Frances (1853). Diptera. Part IV, pp. 253-474, pls. 7-8. In [Saunders, W. W. (ed.)], Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Sauders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. Vol. 1. London: Van Voorst. pp. 1–474.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Sousa, V.R. de; Couri, M.S. (2017). "Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species". Zoologia. 34: 25 pp. doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308.
- ^ Greene, C.T. (1917). "Two new cambium miners (Diptera)". J. Agric. Res. 10: 313–318, 1 pl.
- ^ a b c Spencer, K.A. (1969). "The Agromyzidae of Canada and Alaska". Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada. 64: 311 pp.
- ^ a b c d Zlobin, V.V. (2002). "Contribution to the knowledge of Oriental species of the genus Phytobia Lioy (Diptera: Agromyzidae)". Dipterological Research. 13 (1): 67–81.
- ^ Sasakawa, M. (2004). "A revision of Melanesian Agromyzidae (Diptera)". Scientific Reports of Kyoto Prefectural University Human Environment and Agriculture. 56: 75–100.
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- ^ a b Spencer, K.A. (1965). "Notes on the African Agromyzidae (Diptera) - 6". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 28: 233–276.
- ^ a b c d Spencer, K.A. (1981). "A revisionary study of the leaf-mining flies (Agromyzidae) of California". Univ. Calif., Div. Agric. Sci., Spec. Publ. No. 3273: 489 pp.
- ^ Zetterstedt, J.W. (1848). Diptera Scandinaviae disposita et descipta. Tomus septimus. Lundae [= Lund.].: Officina Lundbergiana. pp. 2581–2934.
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- ^ Malloch, J.R. (1934). "Acalyptrata (concl.)". Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. 6: 393–489.
- ^ Spencer, K.A. (1961). "A synopsis of the Oriental Agromyzidae (Diptera)". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 113 (4): 55–110. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1961.tb00802.x.
- ^ a b Frost, S.W. (1936). "New Central American Agromyzidae". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 29 (2): 298–318. doi:10.1093/aesa/29.2.298.
- ^ a b Spencer, K.A. (1977). "Notes on world Agromyzidae (Diptera), with the description of 16 new species". Beiträge zur Entomologie. 27: 233–254.
- ^ Sehgal, V.K. (1968). "Descriptions of new species of flies of the family Agromyzidae from Alberta, Canada (Diptera)". Quaestiones Entomologicae. 4: 57–88.
- ^ a b Spencer, K.A. (1959). "A synopsis of the Ethiopian Agromyzidae (Diptera)". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 111 (10): 237–329. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02272.x.
- ^ Spencer, K.A. (1966). "Notes on the Oriental Agromyzidae - 4". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. 147: 15 pp.
- ^ Cerný, M. (2011). "Agromyzidae (Diptera) in the vicinity of the Kerkini Lake with descriptions of eight new species from Greece". Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae. 51 (1): 299–347.
- ^ Sasakawa, M. (2005). "The Neotropical Agromyzidae (Insecta: Diptera), Part 6. New or little-known species from El Salvador and Guatemala". Species Diversity. 10 (3): 151–169. doi:10.12782/specdiv.10.151.
- ^ Sasakawa, M. (1994). "Notes on the Japanese Agromyzidae (Diptera), 4. Two cambium borers of the genus Phytobia". Special Bulletin of the Essa Entomological Society. 2: 335–338.
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