Pervagor spilosoma
| Pervagor spilosoma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Pervagor spilosoma, fantail filefish, Hawaii | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Tetraodontiformes |
| Family: | Monacanthidae |
| Genus: | Pervagor |
| Species: | P. spilosoma
|
| Binomial name | |
| Pervagor spilosoma (Lay & E. T. Bennett, 1839)
| |
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Pervagor spilosoma, the fantail filefish, is a species of filefish in the family Monacanthidae. It is found in coral reef areas of the Eastern Pacific, throughout the Hawaiian Islands, including the Leeward Group; rarely in Johnston Island. The Hawaiian name, ōʻīli, means to "sprout" or "come up." The reason of this refers to their dorsal spine that raises up.[2]
Description & biology
[edit]The fantail filefish has a tan body with black spots, yellow dorsal fins, and an orange tail.[3] It has a flat body. This species has an asymmetrical head and dark lines with many spots on the body. In addition, the mouth area is white. Fins are either red or orange and have a soft dorsal as well as yellow-like anal fins.[4]
Anatomy
[edit]Fantail filefish have a bodyweight of 14.3–18.7 g (0.50–0.66 oz). They have a brain that weighs from 113-116 milligrams (mg). Additionally, this species has a mouth, a soft dorsal and anal fins. The pelvic is attached to a black-like dorsal margin of the ventral flap.[4]
Population
[edit]In 1985 to 1988, there were large numbers of Pervagor spilosoma that existed, which was so rare.[5] In big numbers, Pervagor spilosoma, or fantail filefish, are usually located within the shallow water habitats of Hawaiʻi.[6] Fantail filefish are considered a threat to small crustaceans and tubeworms as they often consume them.[7]
Behavior
[edit]Fantail filefish pose not harm to humans.[4] In fact, they are said to be rarely aggressive towards other species.[8] Although, they do tend to be aggressive towards conspecifics, or the same organisms they belong to.[8][9]
Diet
[edit]Fantail filefish feed primarily off of plants and zoobenthos.[4] This species also consumes macroalgae such as seaweed, microalgae, and small crustaceans including krill.[7]
Distribution & habitat
[edit]Fantail filefish live within coral reefs and frequent waters that are 6–730 metres (20–2,395 ft) deep.[3][10] These fish can also survive in temperatures ranging from 41.9 to 83.4 °F (5.5 to 28.6 °C). They frequent in areas that are rocky or have rubble and sand.[4]
Human use and cultural significance
[edit]Within the aquarium trade, fantail filefish are rare to have. It is advised that this species has an aquarium size of 75 gallons or more. The water conditions should have a salinity of 1.020-1.025 for this filefish species.[5] The behavior of fantail filefish might change to aggressive with similar species. At first, these fish may come off as timid, but sooner or later, they become accustomed to living in new aquariums.[7] Fantail filefish require good hiding places, so having rocks or other items would benefit this fish. Aquariums with invertebrates or reef aquariums are best to avoid because they will eat many invertebrates.[8]
References
[edit]- ^ Matsuura, K.; Motomura, H. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Pervagor spilosoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T70011384A115478939. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70011384A70011864.en. Retrieved 25 November 2024.
- ^ "Fantail filefish". Mālama Pūpūkea-Waimea. 2015-11-01. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
- ^ a b "Fantail Filefish – Quarantine Marine". Retrieved 2024-11-25.
- ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Pervagor spilosoma". FishBase. November 2024 version.
- ^ a b Hobson, E. S.; Chess, J. R. (1997). "Examination of a great abundance of filefish, Pervagor spilosoma, in Hawaii". Oceanographic Literature Review. 3 (44): 241. ISSN 0967-0653.
- ^ Stimson, John (2005-01-01). "Archipelago-wide episodic recruitment of the file fish Pervagor spilosoma in the Hawaiian Islands as revealed in long-term records". Environmental Biology of Fishes. 72 (1): 19–31. Bibcode:2005EnvBF..72...19S. doi:10.1007/s10641-004-4191-8. ISSN 1573-5133.
- ^ a b c "Pervagor spilosoma (Fantail filefish)". Reef App. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
- ^ a b c "Orange Fantail Filefish (Pervagor spilosoma) Species Profile :: AquariumDomain.com". www.aquariumdomain.com. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
- ^ "Pervagor spilosoma - Fantail Filefish - AquaInfo". aquainfo.org. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
- ^ "Pervagor spilosoma Fantail filefish". www.reeflex.net. Retrieved 2024-11-25.
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