Paulisentis
| Paulisentis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Acanthocephala |
| Class: | Eoacanthocephala |
| Order: | Neoechinorhynchida |
| Family: | Neoechinorhynchidae |
| Genus: | Paulisentis Van Cleave & Bangham, 1949 |
| Type species | |
| Paulisentis fractus Van Cleave and Bangham, 1949[1]
| |
Paulisentis is a genus in Acanthocephala (thorny-headed worms, also known as spiny-headed worms) belonging to the family Neoechinorhynchidae.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus was described by Van Cleave and Bangham in 1949. The National Center for Biotechnology Information does not indicate that any phylogenetic analysis has been published on any Paulisentis species that would confirm its position as a unique genus in the family Neoechinorhynchidae.[3]
Description
[edit]Paulisentis species consist of a proboscis covered in hooks and a long trunk.
Species
[edit]The genus Paulisentis contains two species.
- Paulisentis fractus Van Cleave & Bangham, 1949
- Paulisentis missouriensis Keppner, 1974
Distribution
[edit]The distribution of Paulisentis is determined by that of its hosts. The species of this genus are found in Northern America.[2]
Hosts
[edit]
The life cycle of an acanthocephalan consists of three stages beginning when an infective acanthor (development of an egg) is released from the intestines of the definitive host and then ingested by an arthropod, the intermediate host. Although the intermediate hosts of Paulisentis are arthropods. When the acanthor molts, the second stage called the acanthella begins. This stage involves penetrating the wall of the mesenteron or the intestine of the intermediate host and growing. The final stage is the infective cystacanth which is the larval or juvenile state of an Acanthocephalan, differing from the adult only in size and stage of sexual development. The cystacanths within the intermediate hosts are consumed by the definitive host, usually attaching to the walls of the intestines, and as adults they reproduce sexually in the intestines. The acanthor is passed in the feces of the definitive host and the cycle repeats. There may be paratenic hosts (hosts where parasites infest but do not undergo larval development or sexual reproduction) for Paulisentis.[6]
Paulisentis parasitizes animals. There are no reported cases of Paulisentis infesting humans in the English language medical literature.[5]
- Hosts for Paulisentis species
-
The definitive host of Semotilus atromaculatus is Paulisentis missouriensis
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Amin, O. M. (2013). "Classification of the Acanthocephala" (PDF). Folia Parasitologica. 60 (4): 275. doi:10.14411/fp.2013.031. PMID 24261131. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
- ^ a b "Paulisentis Van Cleave & Bangham, 1949". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
- ^ Schoch, Conrad L; Ciufo, Stacy; Domrachev, Mikhail; Hotton, Carol L; Kannan, Sivakumar; Khovanskaya, Rogneda; Leipe, Detlef; Mcveigh, Richard; O’Neill, Kathleen; Robbertse, Barbara; Sharma, Shobha; Soussov, Vladimir; Sullivan, John P; Sun, Lu; Turner, Seán; Karsch-Mizrachi, Ilene (2020). "NCBI Taxonomy: a comprehensive update on curation, resources and tools". Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
- ^ CDC’s Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria (11 April 2019). "Acanthocephaliasis". www.cdc.gov. Center for Disease Control. Archived from the original on 8 June 2023. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ a b Mathison, BA; et al. (2021). "Human Acanthocephaliasis: a Thorn in the Side of Parasite Diagnostics". J Clin Microbiol. 59 (11): e02691-20. doi:10.1128/JCM.02691-20. PMC 8525584. PMID 34076470.
- ^ Schmidt, G.D. (1985). "Development and life cycles". In Crompton, D.W.T.; Nickol, B.B. (eds.). Biology of the Acanthocephala (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. pp. 273–305. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.