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[[Image:Joesph Carl Reuter 1869.jpg|thumb|right|Joesph Reuter aged 53 years (1869) by [[Rudolf Lehmann]]]] |
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[[Image:800px-PJReuterStatue20040921 CopyrightKaihsuTai-crop.jpg|thumb|right|<small>Statue of Paul Reuter in the City of London</small>]] |
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{{Refimprove|date=January 2009}} |
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'''Joesph Carl von Reuter (Baron De Reuter)''' ([[July 21]], [[1816]] – [[February 25]], [[1899]]) was a [[Germans|German]] entrepreneur and later naturalized [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|British]] citizen. The pioneer of telegraphy and news reporting<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-ReuterPaulJuliusBaronvon.html]</ref> was journalist and media owner, the founder of [[Reuters]] [[news agency]].<ref>[http://about.reuters.com/home/aboutus/history/informationandinnovation.aspx Paul Julius Reuter - the founder of Reuters]</ref> |
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==Biography== |
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He was born in [[Kassel]], [[Germany]] to a [[Jewish]] family<ref>[http://student.britannica.com/comptons/article-9276703/Paul-Reuter Paul Reuter - Britannica Student Encyclopaedia]</ref>. His father was a [[rabbi]]. His birthname was '''Israel Beer Josaphat'''. In [[Göttingen]] Reuter met [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] who experimented with the [[transmission (telecommunications)|transmission]] of electrical signals via wire. |
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On 29 October 1845, he moved to [[London]], where he called himself '''Joseph Josephat'''. On [[November 16]] he converted to [[Christianity]] during a ceremony at [[St George's German Lutheran Church|St. George's German Lutheran Chapel in London]]<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404707889.html]</ref> and changed his name to ''Paul Julius Reuter''. One week later on [[November 23]], he married ''Ida Maria Elizabeth Clementine Magnus'' in [[Berlin]]. After the failed [[Revolution of 1848]], he fled from Germany and went to [[Paris]] and worked there in [[Charles-Louis Havas]]' news agency, the future [[Agence France Presse]]. |
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While [[telegraphy]] evolved, Reuter first founded the Reuters News Agency in [[Aachen]] which transferred messages between [[Brussels]] and Aachen using [[carrier pigeon]]s. This was the missing link to connect [[Berlin]] and [[Paris]]. The carrier pigeons were much faster than the post train, giving Reuter faster access to stock news from the Paris stock exchange. In 1851, the carrier pigeons were superseded by a direct telegraph link.<ref>Standage, T. ''The Victorian Internet'' (1999)</ref> A telegraph link was established between [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and the [[Europe|European continent]] through the [[English Channel]]. This link was extended to the south-western shore of [[Ireland]], at [[Cork (city)|Cork]] in 1863. There [[ship]]s coming from [[United States|America]] threw canisters containing news into the sea. The news was telegraphed to London, arriving before the ships. |
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In 1851 Reuter moved back to London and set up an office at the [[London Stock Exchange]]. Reuter founded [[Reuters]], one of the major financial news agencies of the world. |
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On [[17 March]] [[1857]], Reuter was naturalised as a British subject, and on [[September 7]], [[1871]], the [[Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha|German Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha]] conferred a [[barony]] (Freiherr) on Julius Reuter. The title was "confirmed by Queen Victoria as conferring the privileges of the nobility in England".[http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE50O1GV20090125?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews] |
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Baron de Reuter had two sons, George, 3rd Baron de Reuter, and André Reuter. His only daughter, Clementine Maria, married Count Otto Stenbock, and after his death, Sir [[Herbert Chermside]], a [[Governors of Queensland|governor of Queensland]].<ref>[http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A070640b.htm ADB - Sir Herbert Chermside]</ref> George, 3rd Baron de Reuter had two sons, Oliver, 4th Baron de Reuter, and Ronald Reuter. The last member of the family, Marguerite, widow of the 4th baron, died on January 25, 2009.<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE50O1GV20090125?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews Reuters.com]</ref> |
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Paul Reuter died in [[Villa Reuter]], [[Nice]], [[France]], and was buried in the family vault at [[West Norwood Cemetery]] in London. |
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[[Edward G. Robinson]] portrayed Reuter in the [[Warner Bros.]] biopic ''[[A Dispatch from Reuters]]'' (1940). |
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On February 25, 1999, the Reuters News Agency commemorated the 100th anniversary of the death of its founder by launching a university award (Paul Julius Reuter Innovation Award) in Germany.<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404707889.html]</ref> |
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The last surviving member of the Reuters family, [[Marguerite, Baroness de Reuter]], who was Paul Reuter's granddaughter-in-law, died in 2009 at the age of 96.<ref name=abc> {{cite news |first=|last=|title=Baroness de Reuter, last link to news dynasty, dies |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/01/26/2474298.htm |work=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[ABC News (Australia)]] |date=2009-01-26 |accessdate=2009-02-21}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Reuter, Paul}} |
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[[Category:British mass media owners]] |
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[[Category:British Jews]] |
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[[Category:British people of German descent]] |
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[[Category:Converts from Judaism to Christianity]] |
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[[Category:1816 births]] |
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[[Category:1899 deaths]] |
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[[Category:German mass media owners]] |
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[[Category:German Jews]] |
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[[Category:People from Kassel]] |
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[[Category:Reuters Group plc]] |
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[[Category:Burials at West Norwood Cemetery]] |
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[[ar:جوليوس رويتر]] |
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[[be-x-old:Паўль Ройтэр]] |
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[[cs:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[da:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[de:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[es:Paul Reuter]] |
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[[fr:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[hr:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[ku:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[nl:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[ja:ポール・ジュリアス・ロイター]] |
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[[no:Paul Julius von Reuter]] |
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[[pl:Paul Reuter]] |
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[[pt:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[ru:Рейтер, Пол Джулиус]] |
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[[fi:Paul Julius Reuter]] |
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[[uk:Пол Рейтер]] |
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