Parthenius III of Constantinople

Parthenius III
Parthenius III
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Church	Church of Constantinople
Appointed	26 July 1656
Term ended	24 March 1657
Predecessor	Joannicius II
Successor	Gabriel II
Previous post(s)	Metropolitan of Chios
Personal details
Born	unknown; Island of Lesvos
Died	24 March 1657; Istanbul
Sainthood
Feast day	March 24
Venerated in	Eastern Orthodox Church

Parthenius III (Greek: Παρθένιος; died 24 March 1657) was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1656–1657. In 1657 he was charged with treason by the Ottoman Sultan and hanged, after refusing to abjure his own Christian faith. He is hence revered as New Hieromartyr Parthenius III and his feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church is March 24.^[1]^[2]

Life

Parthenius was born in the island of Lesbos, and in 1639 he was elected metropolitan of Chios.^[3] On 26 July 1656 he became Ecumenical Patriarch, succeeding Joannicius II.^[4]

Parthenius, who sided with the Russians in the clashes for the control of the Church in Ukraine, in 1656 denounced the 1643 Confession of Faith of the previous Metropolitan of Kiev Peter Mogila, which he deemed to be too close to the Catholic doctrine.^[5] The Confession of Faith of Peter Mogila had been however already approved by all the Greek-speaking Patriarchs in 1643, and it was again approved in 1662 by Patriarch Nectarius of Jerusalem and by the 1672 Synod of Jerusalem. Parthenius also held a burial for the remains, recovered on a shore, of his predecessor Cyril Lucaris, who was killed in 1638 on a ship in the Sea of Marmara and his corpse thrown in the waters.

In order to raise funds, Parthenius sent letters to a Greek bishop in the Tsardom of Russia, at the time a political enemy of the Ottoman Empire. His correspondence was intercepted and delivered to the Grand Vizier Mehmed Köprülü, who decided that Parthenius should stand for trial charged of treason.^[3] Though the accusations were proven false, Sultan Mehmed IV ordered his hanging in order to "set an example for those who may try that in future".^[4] The only option he was given to be freed was to convert to Islam, but Parthenius refused.^[3]

Thus on 24 March 1657 a long procession walked with Parthenius from his prison to a place in Istanbul named "Gate of the Hook" (Parmak Kapi) where he was hanged. He stayed hanged for three days and then was thrown into the sea. His body was found by Christians and was buried in the Kamariotissa Monastery on the island of Chalki.^[6]

Notes

^ Great Synaxaristes (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Παρθένιος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. 24 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
^ "New Hieromartyr Parthenius, Patriarch of Constantinople." In: Leonidas J. Papadopulos, Georgia Lizardos et al (Transl.). New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke. Seattle: St. Nectarios Press, 1985, p. 122 ff.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vaporis, Nomikos Michael (2000). Witnesses for Christ: Orthodox Christian neomartyrs of the Ottoman period. Crestwood: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 114–5. ISBN 0-88141-196-5.
^ ^a ^b Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 40,47. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.
^ Runciman, Steven (1985). The Great Church in captivity. Cambridge University Press. pp. 344. ISBN 978-0-521-31310-0.
^ "Παρθένιος Γ´". Ecumenical Patriarchate. Retrieved 8 September 2011.(in Greek)

[1] Great Synaxaristes (in Greek): Ὁ Ἅγιος Παρθένιος ὁ Ἱερομάρτυρας Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως. 24 Μαρτίου. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

[2] "New Hieromartyr Parthenius, Patriarch of Constantinople." In: Leonidas J. Papadopulos, Georgia Lizardos et al (Transl.). New Martyrs of the Turkish Yoke. Seattle: St. Nectarios Press, 1985, p. 122 ff.

[Vaporis-3] Vaporis, Nomikos Michael (2000). Witnesses for Christ: Orthodox Christian neomartyrs of the Ottoman period. Crestwood: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. pp. 114–5. ISBN 0-88141-196-5.

[Kiminas-4] Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 40,47. ISBN 978-1-4344-5876-6.

[Runciman-5] Runciman, Steven (1985). The Great Church in captivity. Cambridge University Press. pp. 344. ISBN 978-0-521-31310-0.

[EP-6] "Παρθένιος Γ´". Ecumenical Patriarchate. Retrieved 8 September 2011.(in Greek)

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v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs of Constantinople
Bishops of Byzantium (Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops of Constantinople (Roman period, 330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
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Patriarchs of Constantinople (Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile at Nicaea Christianity portal