Passaic UFO photographs
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The Passaic UFO photographs are a set of photographs purportedly taken in Passaic, New Jersey by George Stock on July 31, 1952. Allegedly depicting a domed flying saucer, the images were widely published in contemporary media.[1] Ufologist Kevin D. Randle called the Passaic photos the "most spectacular" of the 1952 flap but characterized them as a hoax. [2]
Background
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The modern UFO era began with the Kenneth Arnold UFO sighting, igniting the 1947 flying disc craze. By 1952, several supposed UFO photographs had been published, including the Rhodes UFO photographs, the McMinnville UFO photographs, and the Mariana UFO film.
The July 1947 Twin Falls saucer hoax featured a domed saucer about 3 feet (0.91 m) in diameter made of two cymbals and a plexiglass dome. In 1951, the film The Day The Earth Stood Still premiered, featuring a domed saucer which lands in Washington D.C.[3]
On April 7, Life magazine published the Flying Saucer article under the title "Have We Visitors From Space?", becoming the most reputable outlet to seriously consider the possibility that flying saucer reports might be caused by extra-terrestrial spaceships.[4][5] Publicity surrounding the piece is believed to have contributed to the subsequent wave of reports that summer.[6][7] In the four years prior, the US Air Force had chronicled a total of 615 UFO reports; during the 1952 flap, they received over 717 new reports.[8] Ruppelt recalled: "During a six-month period in 1952... 148 of the nation's leading newspapers carried a total of over 16,000 items about flying saucers."[9]
On two successive Saturday nights, July 19 and 26, UFOs were reported over the nation's capitol. Three days later, on July 29, Air Force Major Generals John Samford, USAF Director of Intelligence, and Roger M. Ramey, USAF Director of Operations, held a well-attended press conference at the Pentagon. In his opening comments, he noted that, out of the hundreds of UFO reports in recent years investigated by the Air Force, there was "a certain percentage of this volume of reports that have been made by credible observers of relatively incredible things" but that none of them posed any national security threat.[10]
Passaic photographs
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On August 1, during the 1952 UFO flap, local press reported on the photos,[11] attributing them to John H. Riley, then aged 28, who was a self-described professional photographer and performed photo processing in Passaic.[11] Riley reported that he and friend George J. Stock had witnessed the object the prior morning, July 31, while at Stock's home.[11]
Riley recalled that the object was heading southeast as a "leisurely pace" before coming to a halt and hovering overhead. Riley claimed "It was so near, it could have been hit with a rifle". He described the object as 30 feet (9.1 m) wide and estimated it was hovering at 200 feet (61 m).[11] He described the object as silent.[11] Riley claimed the object tilted as it began moving towards the southwest, ultimately travelling out of sight.[11]
Initial press accounts noted the novel presence of a "dome"-like shape atop the depicted disc, writing "The pictures may not exactly fit the descriptions of flying saucers you've heard about".[11]
On November 19, 1952, George Stock was interviewed by an Air Force investigator and acknowledged having taking the pictures. The Air Force Office of Special Investigation conducted interviews with acquaintances of Riley and Stock. During that investigation, Air Force Special Agent George H. Wertz created a sketch of the object allegedly photographed by Stock.[12]
Aftermath
[edit]In December 1952, photographs of an alleged domed flying saucer were published by George Adamski. In 1967, Look magazine reprinted the images. The images were widely republished within the UFO community, including the works of Otto Binder, Kevin Randle, and Jerome Clark. [13]
In 2009, Weird NJ reported that "Passaic County is to UFO buffs what Coney Island is to hot dog lovers".[14] In 2015, the George Stock images were among those uploaded to the CIA's official website.[15][16]
References
[edit]- ^ Flying Saucers: A Look Special by the Editors of United Press International and Cowles Communications, Inc. Cowles Communications, Incorporated. 1967. ISBN 978-0-598-39113-1.
- ^ Randle, Kevin D. (30 October 2001). Invasion Washington: UFOs over the Capitol. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-380-81470-1.
- ^ Finch, Christopher (July 24, 1984). Special Effects: Creating Movie Magic. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-0-89659-452-4 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ruppelt, p. 131-132, "Other very reputable magazines, such as True, had said it before, but coming from Life, it was different"
- ^ Lubbock Evening Journal newspapers.com
- ^ Lang, Daniel (March 15, 1954). "The Man in the Thick Lead Suit". Oxford University Press. p. 49 – via Google Books.
- ^ Mazur, Allan (July 5, 2017). Implausible Beliefs: In the Bible, Astrology, and UFOs. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-51322-7 – via Google Books.
- ^ Ruppelt, p141
- ^ Ruppelt, Edward J. (28 May 2022). "The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects".
- ^ Lewis-Kraus, Gideon (April 30, 2021). "How the Pentagon Started Taking U.F.O.s Seriously". The New Yorker magazine. Archived from the original on 23 June 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g Paterson, New Jersey Morning Call - 1 Aug 52
- ^ Randle, Kevin; Estes, Russ (18 January 2011). The Spaceships of the Visitors: An Illustrated Guide to Alien Spacecraft. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-4544-9.
- ^ UFO and UFO conspiracy theory publications such as:
- "Saucers, Space & Science No 40". Fall 1965.
- Binder, Otto Oscar (1967). "What We Really Know about Flying Saucers".
- Riley Crabb (1973). "Flying Saucers and the New Consciousness". Borderlands Sciences Research Foundation.<
- "Inforespace No 21 1975". Société belge d'étude des phénomènes spatiaux. 1975.
- Hervey, Michael (1976). UFOs : The American scene. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-7091-5335-1.
- "Future Fantasy v01n01". Future Fantasy. February 1978.
- Clark, Jerome (1992). UFO encounters : Sightings, visitations, and investigations. Publications International. ISBN 978-1-56173-605-8.
- Booth, B. J. (12 July 2012). UFOs Caught on Film: Amazing Evidence of Alien Visitors to Earth. David & Charles. ISBN 978-1-4463-5587-9.
- Watson, Nigel (2013). UFO investigations manual : UFO investigations from 1892 to the present day. Haynes Publishing UK. ISBN 978-0-85733-400-8.
- ^ Moran, Mark; Sceurman, Mark (May 2009). Weird N. J.: Your Travel Guide to New Jersey's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets. Sterling Publishing Company. ISBN 978-1-4027-6685-5.
- ^ "CIA's Role in the Study of UFOs, 1947-90 — Central Intelligence Agency". June 13, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-13.
- ^ "'UFO Clouds' Are Real". National Geographic. 10 November 2015.