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Partita

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This article is about the musical form. For the game, see Tarocchini.
First page of J.S. Bach's Partita for Violin No. 3

Partita (also partie, partia, parthia, or parthie[1]) closely resemble the dance suites of the Baroque Period (and are often used synonymously with suites) with the addition of a prelude movement at the beginning of each partita.[2] It was originally the name for a single-instrumental piece of music (16th and 17th centuries), but Johann Kuhnau (Thomaskantor until 1722), his student Christoph Graupner, and Johann Sebastian Bach used it for collections of musical pieces, as a synonym for suite. In the early Baroque period, a partita referred to a string of variations or a piece in parts that reflected different dances.[3]

Johann Sebastian Bach wrote two sets of partitas for different instruments. Those for solo keyboard the composer published as his Opus 1 (known as the Klavierübung I). One additional suite in B minor, the Overture in the French Style (often simply called French Overture) is sometimes also considered a partita.[4] See Partitas for keyboard (825–830) and choral partitas for organ. The "Partita" in A minor for solo flute (BWV 1013) which takes the form of a suite of four dances, has been given the title "partita" by its modern editors; it is sometimes transposed for oboe.

Bach also wrote three partitas for solo violin in 1720 which he paired with sonatas. (He titled each of them the German Partia, but they came to be called the Italian partita, which was introduced in the Bach Gesellschaft edition in 1879, being the more common term at the time.[5]) See: Sonatas and partitas for solo violin.

The most prolific composer of partitas for harpsichord was Christoph Graupner, whose works in the form number about 57. The first set was published in 1718 and dedicated to his patron Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. The last of his partitas exist in manuscripts dated 1750. They are difficult and virtuosic pieces which exhibit an astonishing variety of musical styles.[6] See: List of harpsichord pieces by Christoph Graupner. The longest partita ever written so far is Shoah for Solo Violin and Sacred Temple by Jorge Grundman, which lasts an hour and a half and was finished in 2016.

Examples

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Listed by composer:

Audio files

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Johann Kuhnau: a choral partita from 'Biblische Historien'. Here it is called 'Sonata 4' (a programmatic title is added). The tune or cantus firmus is the famous chorale O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden

Der todtkrancke und wieder gesunde Hiskias, 6,56MBⓘ

References

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  1. ^ Fuller, David; Eisen, Cliff (2001). "Partita [parte] (It.; Ger. Partie, Parthie, Partia, Parthia; Lat. pars)". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.20982. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
  2. ^ Apel, Willi (1967). The History of Keyboard Music to 1700. Don Mills, Ontario: Indiana University Press (published 1972). p. 667. ISBN 0-253-32795-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  3. ^ Kirby, F. E. (1966). A Short History of Keyboard Music. Toronto, Ontario: The Free Press. p. 70. LCCN 66-23081.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  4. ^ Philipp Spitta, Johann Sebastian Bach: his work and influence on the music of Germany, 1685-1750, Volume 3 (Novello and company, limited, 1899) p. 156.
  5. ^ Ledbetter, David. Unaccompanied Bach, Performing the Solo Works. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2009.
  6. ^ Oswald Bill And Christoph (editors), Christoph Graupner : Thematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke (1683-1760), Stuttgart: Carus-Verlag, 2005. ISBN 3-89948-066-X
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