Oxyrhopus guibei

Oxyrhopus guibei
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Colubridae
Genus:	Oxyrhopus
Species:	O. guibei
Binomial name
	Oxyrhopus guibei; Hoge & Romano, 1977
Synonyms
	Oxyrhopus trigeminus guibei ; Hoge & Romano, 1977; Oxyrhopus guibei ; — Zaher & Caramaschi, 1992;

Oxyrhopus guibei is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to South America. It is often called the false coral snake,^[3]^[4]^[5] but this common name can refer to any of a long list of other species, genera, and even entire families of snakes.^[6]^[7] Many nonvenomous snakes have evolved coloration that mimics that of venomous true coral snakes, a trait which helps them avoid predation.^[8]

Etymology

The specific name, guibei, is in honor of French herpetologist Jean Guibé.^[9]

Geographic range

O. guibei is native to central sections of South America, in parts of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina.^[2]

Conservation status

The species O. guibei has been described as common^[4] to abundant.^[3]

Description

O. guibei can reach 1 m (3.3 ft)^[10] to 1.25 m (4.1 ft) in total length (including tail).^[11] Females can reach much larger sizes than males.^[5]

Habitat

The preferred natural habitat of O. guibei is forest,^[1] including forest edges and open areas. The snake is sometimes seen near human activity and habitation, for example, on farms and in backyards.^[3]

Behavior

O. guibei is mostly nocturnal, but is sometimes out basking during the day.^[11] It spends most of its time on the ground,^[3] but it will climb trees at times.^[10]

Diet

The diet of O. guibei includes rodents, lizards, and other small animals. Rodent prey items include rats (Rattus sp.), the hairy-tailed bolo mouse (Necromys lasiurus), the house mouse (Mus musculus), the small vesper mouse (Calomys laucha),^[11] the delicate vesper mouse (Calomys tener), and hocicudos (Oxymycterus sp.).^[12] It will eat the lizard Tropidurus itambere and it has been observed taking white-tipped dove nestlings (Leptotila sp.).^[11] Lizards it will swallow alive, but rodents it often constricts first.^[13]

Reproduction

The female O. guibei lays eggs year-round,^[3] but male and female reproductive activity slows around the end of the rainy season.^[5] Clutch sizes range from about 3 to 20,^[5] with an average size of about 11.^[3] Longer females lay more eggs.^[5] Eggs are laid in nest sites such as cavities in rock piles and abandoned rabbit burrows.^[3] The female abandons the eggs once they are laid.^[10]

Enemies

Predators of the species O. guibei include the laughing falcon (Herpetotheres cachinnans), a bird which specializes in snakes, and Erythrolamprus aesculapii, another species of false coral snake. It has also been observed in the diet of the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), which readily eats snakes, including venomous species.^[4]

Defensive behavior

O. guibei performs defensive behaviors when threatened, such as "brusque" thrashing,^[10] staying still or rushing to escape, compressing or inflating its body, coiling, hiding its head, or producing a cloacal discharge.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b Scrocchi G, Arzamendia V, Fitzgerald L, Giraudo A, Williams J (2017). "Oxyrhopus guibei ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T15179489A15179492. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T15179489A15179492.en. Downloaded on 23 March 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Oxyrhopus guibei ". The Reptile Database.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Braz, Henrique; Manço, Daniel De Granville (2011). "Natural nests of the false-coral snake Oxyrhopus guibei in southeastern Brazil". Herpetology Notes 4: 187-189.
^ ^a ^b ^c Tozetti, Alexandro M. et al. (2004). "Oxyrhopus guibei (False Coral Snake). Predation". Herpetological Review 35 (2): 179.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Marques, Otavio; Pizzatto, Lígia (2002). "Reproductive biology of the false coral snake Oxyrhopus guibei (Colubridae) from southeastern Brazil". Amphibia-Reptilia. 23 (4): 495–504. doi:10.1163/15685380260462392.
^ "Aniliidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
^ "Erythrolamprus ". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
^ Brodie, E.D. Jr.; Janzen, Fredric J. (1995). "Experimental studies of Coral Snake mimicry: Generalized avoidance of ringed snake patterns by free-ranging avian predators".Functional Ecology 9: 186-190. Archived 2014-08-11 at the Wayback Machine
^ Beolens, Bo; Michael Watkins; Michael Grayson. (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Guibé", p. 111.)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Kraus JE (2005). Fauna and flora of the campus of the Cidade Universitária Armando de Salles Oliveira. EdUSP. 2005: 70.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Sazima I, Abe AS (1991). "Habits of five Brazilian snakes with coral-snake pattern, including a summary of defensive tactics".Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 26: 159-64. Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
^ Alencar, Laura R.V. et al. (2009). "Oxyrhopus guibei (False Coralsnake). Diet".Herpetological Review 40 (3): 357-358. Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
^ Andrade, Rogério de Oliveira; Silvano, Renato A. Matias (1996). "Feeding behavior and diet of the Oxyrhopus guibei Hoge & Romano (Serpentes, Colubridae)". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13 (1): 143-150.