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Oxalis psoraleoides

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Oxalis psoraleoides
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Oxalidaceae
Genus: Oxalis
Species:
O. psoraleoides
Binomial name
Oxalis psoraleoides
Synonyms
  • Acetosella psoralioides (Kunth) Kuntze
  • Acetosella psoralodes Kuntze
  • Oxalis dispar N.E.Br.
  • Oxalis insipida A.St.-Hil.
  • Oxalis lutzelburgii R.Knuth
  • Oxalis psoralioides Kunth

Oxalis psoraleoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Oxalidaceae that is native to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil. Carl Sigismund Kunth described the species in 1821. Plants of this species of wood sorrel are perennial, hairy shrubs with large, yellow flowers, leaves with three leaflets, and one-seeded capsules. O. psoraleoides is diploid with a large genome size, and is classified within Oxalis section Psoraleoideae in subgenus Thamnoxys.

Taxonomy

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Oxalis psoraleoides Kunth is in the plant family Oxalidaceae.[2] It was first described by German botanist Carl Sigismund Kunth in 1821 as O. psoralioides[1] which was later corrected to O. psoraleoides. In 1824 Dr J. G. Zuccarini repeated the original description by Kunth but spelt the species name O. psoraleoides.[3] The name O. psoraleoides Mart. is not the correct name for this species.[4]

The holotype specimen was collected by Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland at Guamani, Ecuador (the original description says "Santa Fe de Bogotá ?"),[1] and is housed at the herbarium at the National Museum of Natural History, France (P00679820).[5] There is also an isotype at the same herbarium.[6]

Other synonyms of the name include Acetosella psoralidoides, Oxalis dispar, and O. lutzelburgii,[1] among others.[6]

O. psoraleoides belongs to Oxalis subgenus Thamnoxys.[7] It is one of about 80 mainly tropical South American species in this subgenus, which are herbs or shrubs with 1–3-foliolate pinnate leaves.[7] Of the nine sections in this subgenus, O. psoraleoides belongs to section Psoraleoideae.[7]

Two allopatric subspecies of O. psoraleoides are recognized:[6]

  • Oxalis psoraleoides Kunth subsp. psoraleoides
  • O. psoraleoides subsp. insipida (A.St.-Hil.) Lourteig

The subspecies can be distinguished by their leaf shape the hairs on the leaves and sepals.[6] They are also allopatric (geographically separated), with subsp. psoraleoides found in Ecuador and Peru, and subsp. insipida found in Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia and Argentina.[6][8]

Description

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Oxalis psoraleoides is a hairy shrub up to 2 m tall and woody stems up to 1 cm in diameter. Leaves have three leaflets, with the center leaflet larger than the other two, and a long petiole up to 11 cm). The leaf blade is obovate or oblong, 1.5–6 cm long by 1–4 cm wide, and hairy on both sides. The inflorescence is a cyme with up to 50 actinomorphic (regular) flowers with five yellow petals, each up to 1.5 cm long. The fruit is a hairy subglobose capsule with one seed.[6]

In a study based in the municipalities of Recôncavo Baiano, in Bahia, Brazil, the species was noted to be flowering in January, February and May, and was one of 240 species visited by the honeybee, Apis mellifera.[9] In another field study, the hummingbird Chlorostilbon lucidus visited plants of O. psoraleoides iin the Serra do Pará mountains in Pernambuco, Brazil.[10]

Distribution and habitat

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Oxalis psoraleoides is native to Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil.[11]

It is found in South American seasonally dry tropical forest habitats[7] including the dry scrub forest of Ecuador[12] and the Caatinga in Brazil,[8][13] from 300 to 2500 m above sea level.[6]

Cytology and phylogeny

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Oxalis psoraleoides is a diploid (2n = 12) with large chromosomes[14][15] and a large genome size (mean 41.88 pg).[16]

Oxalis psoraleoides has been included in several phylogenetic analyses of Oxalis using the standard DNA sequencing markers including the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast DNA regions.[7][17][14] In one study, the sampled individual of O. psoraleoides was sister with high support to the other sampled species (also a diploid) from Oxalis subgenus Thamnoxys, O. rhombeo-ovata.[17] In a subsequent study, the three individuals of Oxalis psoraleoides subsp. insipida were monophyletic with moderate to high support, and this clade was sister to O. erosa, another diploid species in section Psoraleoideae,[15] from seasonally dry tropical forests.[7]

Uses

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In semi-arid areas of Pernambuco, Brazil, O. psoraleoides (as O. insipida) is known as chumbinho and is used as a food source, [18] whereas in Peru it has been listed as an antimalarial medicine.[19]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d Bonpland, Aimé; Bonpland, Aimé; Humboldt, Alexander von; Kunth, Karl Sigismund (1821). Nova genera et species plantarum :quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt /descripserunt, partim adumbraverunt Amat. Bonpland et Alex. de Humboldt ; ex schedis autographis Amati Bonplandi in ordinem digessit Carol. Sigismund. Kunth ... Vol. t.5 (1821) [Quarto]. Antverpiae: Ex officina Christophori Plantini. p. 246.
  2. ^ Soares Lima, Luciana; Filgueira de Sá, Túlio Freitas; Albuquerque-Lima, Sinzinando; Domingos-Melo, Arthur; Machado, Isabel Cristina (1 February 2024). "Atypical tristyly and generalist pollination system in a population of Oxalis psoraleoides (Oxalidaceae)". Flora. 311: 152462. doi:10.1016/J.FLORA.2024.152462.
  3. ^ Zuccarini, J. G (1824). "Monographie der amerikanischen Oxalis-Arten". Denkschriften der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München. 8: 179.
  4. ^ "Oxalis psoraleoides Mart". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Holotype of Oxalis psoraleoides (Occurrence Detail 694191712)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Lourteig, Alicia (1 January 1994). "Oxalis L. subgénero Thamnoxys (Endl.) Reiche emend. Lourteig". Bradea. 7 (1): 1–199.
  7. ^ a b c d e f Cabral, Fernando S.; Lima, Duane F.; Vaio, Magdalena; Fiaschi, Pedro (14 October 2023). "Molecular phylogenetics of Oxalis subg. Thamnoxys (Oxalidaceae) reveals artificial arrangements of traditional sections". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 204 (2): 174–186. doi:10.1093/BOTLINNEAN/BOAD044.
  8. ^ a b Carvalho, Denis Nunes; Oliveira, Ilana Cunha de; Costa, Grênivel Mota da; Borges, Rodrigo Lopes; Matos, Andreza Oliveira; Souza, Aline Matos; Evangelista-dos-Santos, Milena; Oliveira, Matteus Freitas de; Oliveira, Reyjane Patricia de (5 October 2023). "Plants of the Serra do Mucambo: a checklist of a remnant of deciduous seasonal forest within the Caatinga domain in Bahia, Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Botany. 46 (4): 947–981. doi:10.1007/S40415-023-00936-2.
  9. ^ Nascimento, Andreia Santos do; Carvalho, Carlos Alfredo Lopes de; Martins, Márcio Lacerda Lopes (22 September 2014). "PLANTS VISITED BY Apis mellifera L. (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE) IN RECÔNCAVO BAIANO, STATE OF BAHIA, BRAZIL". Revista de Agricultura. 89 (2): 97. doi:10.37856/BJA.V89I2.123.
  10. ^ Las-Casas, F. M. G.; Júnior, S. M. Azevedo; Filho, M. M. Dias (1 February 2012). "The community of hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) and the assemblage of flowers in a Caatinga vegetation". Brazilian Journal of Biology. 72 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1590/S1519-69842012000100006. PMID 22437384.
  11. ^ "Oxalis psoraleoides Kunth | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  12. ^ Cabrera-Cisneros, Omar; Tinitana, Fani; Cumbicus, Nixon; Prina, Anibal (29 December 2022). "Vascular flora of dry scrub in Southern Ecuador". CEDAMAZ. 12 (2). doi:10.54753/CEDAMAZ.V12I2.1319.
  13. ^ Abreu, Maria Carolina de; Carvalho, Reginaldo de; Sales, Margareth Ferreira de (1 June 2008). "Oxalis L. (Oxalidaceae) no Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil". Acta Botanica Brasilica. 22 (2): 399–416. doi:10.1590/S0102-33062008000200010.
  14. ^ a b Vaio, Magdalena; Nascimento, Jéssica; Mendes, Sandra; Ibiapino, Amália; Felix, Leonardo Pessoa; Gardner, Andy; Emshwiller, Eve; Fiaschi, Pedro; Guerra, Marcelo (22 October 2018). "Multiple karyotype changes distinguish two closely related species of Oxalis (O. psoraleoides and O. rhombeo-ovata) and suggest an artificial grouping of section Polymorphae (Oxalidaceae)". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. doi:10.1093/BOTLINNEAN/BOY054.
  15. ^ a b Moura, Amália Ibiapino; Oliveira, Ykaro Richard; Silva, Paulo Henrique da; Mata-Sucre, Yennifer; Carvalho, Reginaldo de; Sales, Margareth Ferreira de; Abreu, Maria Carolina de (27 January 2020). "Karyotype inconsistencies in the taxonomy of the genus Oxalis (Oxalidaceae)". Iheringia. Serie Botanica. 75: e2020003–e2020003. doi:10.21826/2446-82312020v75e2020003.
  16. ^ Azkue, Daniel de; Martínez, Arturo (1 February 1988). "DNA content and chromosome evolution in the shrubby Oxalis". Genome. 30 (1): 52–57. doi:10.1139/G88-010.
  17. ^ a b Richetti, Everton; Costa, Tiago S.; Cabral, William S.; Fiaschi, Pedro; Sakuragui, Cassia M.; Lusa, Makeli G. (24 March 2022). "Morphoanatomy and phylogenetics reveals a distinct species of Oxalis sect. Polymorphae (Oxalidaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 308 (2). doi:10.1007/S00606-022-01807-1.
  18. ^ Lucena, Reinaldo F. P.; Albuquerque, Ulysses P.; Monteiro, Júlio M.; Almeida, Cecília De Fátima C. B. R.; Florentino, Alissandra T. N.; Ferraz, José Serafim Feitosa (1 February 2007). "Useful plants of the semi-arid northeastern region of Brazil--a look at their conservation and sustainable use". Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 125 (1–3): 281–290. doi:10.1007/S10661-006-9521-1. PMID 17219240.
  19. ^ Milliken, William; Walker, Barnaby E.; Howes, Melanie-Jayne R.; Forest, Félix; Lughadha, Eimear Nic (1 October 2021). "Plants used traditionally as antimalarials in Latin America: Mining the tree of life for potential new medicines". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 279: 114221. doi:10.1016/J.JEP.2021.114221.

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