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Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1416–1418) orders of battle

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Ava and Hanthawaddy forces fought two campaigns between 1416 and 1418.

This is a list of orders of battle for the 1416–1418 campaigns of the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1408–1418).

Background

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Sources

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The orders of battles in this article are sourced from the main royal chronicles—the Maha Yazawin, the Yazawin Thit and the Hmannan Yazawin, which primarily narrate the war from the Ava side.[note 1] The Razadarit Ayedawbon and Pak Lat Chronicles, which narrate from the Hanthawaddy perspective do not provide any details for this phase of the war.[note 2]

Adjustment of strength figures

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The military strength figures in this article have been reduced by an order of magnitude from those reported in the chronicles, following G.E. Harvey's and Victor Lieberman's analyses of Burmese chronicles' military strength figures in general.[note 3]

Hanthawaddy invasion (late 1416)

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Battle of Toungoo (late 1416)

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Hanthawaddy Pegu

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Pegu Order of Battle, late 1416
Unit Commander Strength[note 4] Reference(s)
Hanthawaddy Army Prince Binnya Dhammaraza 7 regiments (7000 troops, 500 cavalry, 30+ elephants) [note 5]

Ava

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Ava Order of Battle, late 1416
Unit Commander Strength[note 4] Reference(s)
Ava Southern Division Prince Thihathu of Prome 8 regiments (8000 troops, 400 cavalry, 30 elephants) [note 6]

Ava invasion (1417–1418)

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Ava

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Ava Order of Battle, 1417–1418
Unit Commander Strength[note 4] Reference(s)
Main Strike Force Prince Thihathu 16000 troops, 700 cavalry, 40 elephants, 400 war boats, 500 armored war boats [note 7]
Army Nawrahta of Salin 7 regiments (7000 troops, 700 cavalry, 40 elephants)
Navy Thihathu 7 flotillas (9000 troops, 30 war ships, 400 war boats, 500 armored war boats, 700 cargo boats)

Hanthawaddy Pegu

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Pegu Order of Battle, 1417–1418
Unit Commander Strength[note 4] Reference(s)
Royal Hanthawaddy Armed Forces King Razadarit [6][4][5]
Dala Regiment Prince Binnya Dala
Dagon Regiment Prince Binnya Set of Dagon Surrendered
Syriam Regiment Smin Awa Naing
Hmawbi Regiment Smin Byat Za the Younger Surrendered
Royal Main Army at Pegu and Martaban Razadarit

Notes

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  1. ^ See (Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 54–55), (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 263–264), and (Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 50–51).
  2. ^ See (Fernquest 2006: 20) and (Pan Hla 2005: 318–369}.
  3. ^ See (Harvey 1925: 333–335)'s "Numerical Note". (Lieberman 2014: 98) writing on the First Toungoo period concurs: "Military mobilizations were probably more of a boast than a realistic estimate. Modern industrial states have difficulty placing 10% of their people under arms."
  4. ^ a b c d Unless otherwise stated, the military mobilization figures in this article are reduced by an order of magnitude from those reported in the royal chronicles, per G.E. Harvey's analysis in his History of Burma (1925) in the section Numerical Note (pp. 333–335).
  5. ^ Chronicles report:
    • Maha Yazawin: 7 regiments (70,000 troops, 1000 cavalry, 350 elephants)[1]
    • Yazawin Thit: 7 regiments (70,000 troops, 5000 cavalry, 300 elephants)[2]
    • Hmannan: 7 regiments (70,000 troops, 5000 cavalry, 350 elephants)[3]
  6. ^ Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit and Hmannan: 8 regiments (80,000 troops, 4000 cavalry, 300 elephants)[1][2][3]
  7. ^ Maha Yazawin, Yazawin Thit and Hmannan: 7 regiments (70,000 troops, 7000 cavalry, 400 elephants) and 7 flotillas (9000 troops, 30 war ships, 400 war boats, 500 armored war boats, 700 cargo boats)[1][4][5]

References

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  1. ^ a b c Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 54
  2. ^ a b Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 263
  3. ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 50
  4. ^ a b Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 264
  5. ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 51
  6. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 54–55

Bibliography

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  • Fernquest, Jon (Spring 2006). "Rajadhirat's Mask of Command: Military Leadership in Burma (c. 1384–1421)" (PDF). SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research. 4 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-03-22. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  • Fernquest, Jon (Autumn 2006). "Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382–1454)" (PDF). SOAS Bulletin of Burma Research. 4 (2). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-10. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  • Harvey, G. E. (1925). History of Burma: From the Earliest Times to 10 March 1824. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
  • Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Lieberman, Victor B. (2014) [1984]. Burmese Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Conquest, c. 1580–1760. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05407-0.
  • Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Pan Hla, Nai (2005) [1968]. Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
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