Orcula

Orcula
	Adult and juvenile shells of Orcula dolium
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Order:	Stylommatophora
Infraorder:	Pupilloidei
Superfamily:	Pupilloidea
Family:	Orculidae
Genus:	Orcula; Held, 1837
Type species
	Pupa dolium Draparnaud, 1801;
Synonyms
	Orcula (Hausdorfia) Páll-Gergely & Irikov, 2013· accepted, alternate representation; Orcula (Illyriobanatica) Páll-Gergely & Deli, 2013· accepted, alternate representation; Orcula (Orcula) Held, 1838· accepted, alternate representation; Pupa (Orcula) Held, 1838; Pupula Mörch, 1852;

Orcula is a genus of land snails in the family Orculidae. It is the type genus of the family.^[1]^[2]

These snails have ovate-cylindrical shells generally measuring about 5 to 10 millimeters.^[1]

The center of diversity of the genus is in the Alps. Some species live in alpine climates. In general, the snails occur in wet forested habitat and boulder fields on limestone substrates.^[1]

Species

There are 14 species in this genus, divided among 3 subgenera.^[1]

Species include:^[3]

† Orcula alvarium Schlickum, 1975
Orcula austriaca Zimmermann 1932
Orcula conica (Rossmässler 1837)
Orcula dolium (Draparnaud 1801)
Orcula fuchsi Zimmermann 1931
Orcula gularis (Rossmässler 1837)
- Orcula gularis gularis (Rossmässler 1837)
- Orcula gularis oreina Ehrmann 1933
Orcula imbricata (Jickeli, 1873)
Orcula jetschini (Kimakowicz 1883)
† Orcula oviformis (Michaud, 1838)
Orcula pseudodolium A. J. Wagner 1912
Orcula restituta (Westerlund 1887)
Orcula schmidti (Küster 1843)
- Orcula (Illyriobanatica) schmidtii schmidtii (Küster, 1843)
- Orcula schmidti transversalis (Westerlund 1894)
Orcula spoliata (Rossmässler 1837)
Orcula tolminensis A. J. Wagner 1912
Orcula tomlini Connolly, 1931
Orcula wagneri Sturany 1914
- Orcula wagneri wagneri Sturany 1914
- Orcula wagneri ljubetenensis Sturany 1914
Orcula zilchi Urbański, 1960

Species brought into synonymy

Orcula bulgarica P. Hesse, 1915: synonym of Orculella bulgarica (P. Hesse, 1915) (original combination)
Orcula corrugata Locard, 1894: synonym of Abida cylindrica (Michaud, 1829) (junior synonym)
Orcula cylindriformis Locard, 1894: synonym of Abida cylindrica (Michaud, 1829) (junior synonym)
Orcula dobrogica (Grossu 1986): synonym of Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792) (junior synonym)
Orcula doliolum (Bruguière, 1792): synonym of Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792) (unaccepted combination)
Orcula driana Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of Orculella driana (Kaltenbach, 1943) (original combination)
Orcula falkneri Hausdorf, 1995 †: synonym of Nordsieckula falkneri (Hausdorf, 1995) † (new combination)
Orcula multidentata Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of Orculella multidentata (Kaltenbach, 1943) (original combination)
Orcula plateaui (Cossmann, 1889) †: synonym of Orcula oviformis (Michaud, 1838) † (junior synonym)
Orcula pollonerae (Pini 1884): synonym of Orcula spoliata (Rossmässler 1837)
Orcula scyphus (L. Pfeiffer, 1848): synonym of Schileykula scyphus (L. Pfeiffer, 1848) (unaccepted combination)
Orcula striata Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of Orculella striata (Kaltenbach, 1943) (original combination)
Orcula subconica (F. Sandberger, 1858) †: synonym of Nordsieckula subconica (F. Sandberger, 1858) † (new combination)
Orcula tingitana Pallary, 1918: synonym of Orculella tingitana (Pallary, 1918) (original combination)
Orcula tomlini Connolly, 1931: synonym of Orculella tomlini (Connolly, 1931) (basionym)
Orcula tripolitana Kaltenbach, 1943: synonym of Orculella templorum tripolitana (Kaltenbach, 1943) (basionym)
Orcula turcica Letourneux, 1884: synonym of Orculella critica (L. Pfeiffer, 1856) (junior synonym)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013). Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). Zookeys 301 25-49.
^ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Orcula Held, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995303 on 2021-11-14
^ Harl, Jo.; Sattmann, H.; Schileyko, A. (2011). "Types of the extant taxa of the landsnail genus Orcula Held 1837 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Orculidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 140 (2): 149–173.

Hausdorf, B. (1987). Zum Vorkommen der Gattung Orcula HELD in Griechenland (Gastropoda: Orculidae). Arch. Molluskenk., 118 (1/3): 51–55.
Gittenberger, E. (1978). Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pupillacea VIII. Einiges über Orculidae. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 163: 1-44, pl. 1–4. Leiden
Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017

External links

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[pall-1] Páll-Gergely, B., et al. (2013). Subeneric division of the genus Orcula Held 1837 with remarks on Romanian orculid data (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Orculidae). Zookeys 301 25-49.

[WoRMS-2] MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Orcula Held, 1838. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995303 on 2021-11-14

[3] Harl, Jo.; Sattmann, H.; Schileyko, A. (2011). "Types of the extant taxa of the landsnail genus Orcula Held 1837 (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Orculidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 140 (2): 149–173.

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