Ocular larva migrans
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| Ocular larva migrans | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Ocular toxocariasis |
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| Puppies are a major source of environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs | |
Ocular larva migrans (OLM), also known as ocular toxocariasis, is the ocular form of larva migrans syndrome. It occurs when roundworm larvae invade the human eye. OLM infections in humans are caused by the larvae of Toxocara canis (dog roundworm), Toxocara cati (feline roundworm), Ascaris suum (large roundworm of pig), or Baylisascaris procyonis (raccoon roundworm).[1][2]
They may be associated with visceral larva migrans. Unilateral visual disturbances, strabismus, and eye pain are the most common presenting symptoms.
Diagnosis
[edit]The disease presents with an eosinophilic granulomatous mass, most commonly in the posterior pole of the retina. The granulomatous mass develops around the entrapped larva, in an attempt to contain the spread of the larva.[citation needed]
ELISA testing of intraocular fluids has been demonstrated to be of great value in diagnosing ocular toxocariasis.[citation needed]
Differential diagnosis
[edit]The retinal lesion can mimic retinoblastoma in appearance, and mistaken diagnosis of the latter condition can lead to unnecessary enucleation.
Complications
[edit]The eye involvement can cause the following inflammatory disorders:[citation needed]
Epidemiology
[edit]In contrast to visceral larva migrans, ocular toxocariasis usually develops in older children or young adults with no history of pica. These patients seldom have eosinophilia or visceral manifestations.
References
[edit]- ^ Pinelli, E. (2011). "Toxocara and Ascaris seropositivity among patients suspected of visceral and ocular larva migrans in the Netherlands: trends from 1998 to 2009". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 30 (7): 873–879. doi:10.1007/s10096-011-1170-9. PMID 21365288.
- ^ Liu, G (September 2015). "Baylisascaris procyonis and Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Coinfection Presenting as Ocular Larva Migrans with Granuloma Formation in a Child". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 93 (3): 612–614. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0272. PMC 4559706. PMID 26123955.