No. 65 Squadron RAF

No. 65 (East India) Squadron RAF
No. 65 (East India) Squadron RAF
Active	1 August 1916 (RFC) to 1919; 1934–1961; 1964–1970; 1970–1974; 1986–1992
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Air Force
Motto(s)	Latin: Vi et armis; "By force and arms"
Battle honours	Western Front, 1917–1918: Cambrai, 1918: Somme, 1918: France & Low Countries: Dunkirk: Battle of Britain, 1940: Home Defence, 1940–42: Fortress Europe, 1941–1944: Channel & North Sea, 1942–1945: Dieppe: Normandy, 1944: Arnhem: France & Germany, 1944–1945: Baltic 1945: ; Honours marked with an asterisk are those emblazoned on the Squadron Standard
Insignia
Squadron Badge heraldry	In front of fifteen swords in pile, the hilts in base, a lion passant.; The number of swords refers to a memorable combat in which fifteen enemy aircraft were destroyed.
Post 1950 Squadron Roundel
Squadron codes	FZ (Oct 1938 – Sep 1939); YT (Sep 1939 – Apr 1951)

No. 65 Squadron was a squadron of the Royal Air Force.

First World War

The squadron was first formed at Wyton on 1 August 1916 as a squadron of the Royal Flying Corps with a core provided from the training station at Norwich.^[3] It served as a training unit as part of the Norwich based No. 7 Training Wing until equipping with Sopwith Camels and transferring to France as an operational fighter squadron in October 1917.^[4]^[5] By the end of the First World War, it had claimed about 200 victories. Thirteen aces had served with it, including : John Inglis Gilmour, Joseph White, Maurice Newnham, Thomas Williams, William Harry Bland, Alfred Leitch, Jack Armand Cunningham, Godfrey Brembridge, and George M. Cox.^[6] Arthur G. Jones-Williams, who would go on to long-range flight record attempts in 1929, also served in the squadron.^[7]

The squadron reformed in 1934 at RAF Hornchurch with the Hawker Demon, converting to the Gloster Gauntlet in 1936 and the Gloster Gladiator in 1937.^[8] During World War II, the squadron operated Supermarine Spitfires, having converted from Gladiators in 1939. In December 1943, the squadron converted to North American Mustangs. For a period of time their Wing Commander was Reg Grant.^[9]

In 1946, the unit converted to the Spitfire LF.XVIe and then the de Havilland Hornet, the Gloster Meteor F.4 and F.8, then the Hawker Hunter F.6 (December 1956) at RAF Duxford from August 1952 until the squadron disbanded on 31 March 1961, and then reformed in 1964 as a surface-to-air missile unit, operating the Bristol Bloodhound. During this period, it was based at RAF Seletar, Singapore, and it disbanded again in 1970. From 1970, No. 65 Squadron became the reserve squadron number for No. 226 Operational Conversion Unit RAF at RAF Coltishall, until its disbandment in the mid 1970s. It was thereafter the reserve squadron number of No. 229 Operational Conversion Unit RAF at RAF Coningsby. It was last disbanded at RAF Coningsby in June 1992, by re-numbering as No. 56 (Reserve) Squadron, after serving as the Operational conversion unit for the Panavia Tornado F.2 and F.3 interceptor, with the alternative identity of No. 229 Operational Conversion Unit RAF.

^ Pine, L.G. (1983). A dictionary of mottoes (1 ed.). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 250. ISBN 0-7100-9339-X.
^ Poulsen, C M, ed. (2 September 1937). "RAF Unit Badges". Flight International. 32 (1, 497): 235. ISSN 0015-3710.
^ Halley 1988, p. 130.
^ Rawlings 1969, p. 158.
^ Sturtivant, Hamlin & Halley 1997, p. 311.
^ Shores, Franks & Guest 1990, p. 65.
^ Shores, Franks & Guest 1990, pp. 217–218.
^ Gustavsson, Håkan. "Gloster Gladiator in 65 RAF Squadron service". Biplane Fighter Aces from the Second World War. Retrieved 17 April 2013.
^ NZFPM 2010.

NZFPM (2010). "Wing Commander Grant". Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
Halley, James J (1988). The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force and Commonwealth 1918–1988. Tonbridge, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-164-9.
Jefford, C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing, 1998 (second edition 2001). ISBN 1-84037-141-2.
Rawlings, John D. R. (1969). Fighter Squadrons of the R.A.F. and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd.
Shores, Christopher; Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell (1990). Above The Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920. London: Grub Street. ISBN 0-948817-19-4.
Sturtivant, Ray; Hamlin, John; Halley, James J. (1997). Royal Air Force Training and Support Units. Tunbridge Wells, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-252-1.