Thirteenth Jatiya Sangsad election
General elections are expected to take place in Bangladesh following the overthrow of the government of Sheikh Hasina by student-led protests in 2024. A constituent assembly election will take place before the general elections,[ 1] interim government led by Muhammad Yunus has established a Constitutional Reform Commission for this purpose.
The 12th Sangsad was dissolved by President Mohammed Shahabuddin following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina .[ 2] student protests erupted throughout the country, demanding the reform of quotas in government jobs . The protests were met with brutal crackdown by law-enforcement agencies and paramilitary forces, resulting in the deaths of many students . By August, the protests intensified into large-scale civil unrest against the government which eventually culminated in Hasina's resignation on 5 August.
Following negotiations between student leaders and the Armed Forces , Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus was appointed as Chief Adviser to head an interim government with a view to leading the country to new elections.[ 3]
The Awami League won the January 2024 general elections following a record low voter turnout and a controversial election, spite of which they formed a government .[ 4] United States Department of State , in a statement, said that the election was not free and fair [ 5] Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office termed the election lacking the preconditions of democracy.[ 6] The Economist one-party state ".[ 7]
The main opposition party, the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), demanded that the government hand over power to a neutral caretaker government before the January 2024 elections.[ 8] [ 9] 2006–2008 crisis , during which a caretaker government assumed military control of the country and arrested a number of political leaders, including Hasina and Khaleda Zia . [ 10] [ 11] [ 12] Tarique Rahman , was also found guilty of criminal conspiracy and multiple counts of murder for a grenade attack in 2004 that injured Hasina and killed 24 people.[ 13] [ 14] [ 15]
The 350 members of the Jatiya Sangsad consist of 300 directly elected seats using first-past-the-post voting (FPTP) in single-member constituencies, and an additional 50 seats reserved for women. The reserved seats are elected proportionally by the elected members. Each parliament sits for a five-year term.[ 16] [ 17] [ 18] [ 19] [ 19] Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami , Islami Andolan Bangladesh , Communist Party of Bangladesh , Gono Odhikar Parishad , Amar Bangladesh Party etc., had been in staunch opposition to the system and in support of proportional representation (PR), where Bangladesh Nationalist Party remains a supporter of FPTP.[ 20] [ 21] [ 22] [ 23]
Parties and alliances [ edit ]
Vote share projections
Polling agency
Date published
Sample size
Margin of error
AL
JP(E)
BNP
IAB
Jamaat
Student supported –New Party
Others
Independents
None
"Can't say"/Undecided
Lead
Bangladesh Speaks
September 2024
5,115 (field)
± 1.4%
5%
1%
21%
3%
14%
10%
1%
3%
2%
38%
7%
3,581 (online)
± 1.67%
10%
0%
10%
1%
25%
35%
1%
3%
3%
11%
10%
Average
7.5%
0.5%
15.5%
2%
19.5%
22.5%
1%
3%
2.5%
24.5%
3%
Seat projections
Polling agency
Date published
Sample size
Margin of error
AL
JP(E)
BNP
IAB
Jamaat
Others
Lead
Vote share projections
Polling agency
Date published
Sample size
Margin of error
AL
JP(E)
BNP
IAB
Jamaat
Others
Lead
Seat projections
Polling agency
Date published
Sample size
Margin of error
AL
JP(E)
BNP
IAB
Jamaat
Others
Lead
^ It is likely to take place between 2025 and 2026.
^ "Constituent assembly to be convened for charter reform: Nahid" . Archived from the original on September 24, 2024.^ "Bangladesh Parliament dissolved, president's office says" . Reuters . Retrieved 9 August 2024 .^ "Who is Muhammad Yunus, the Nobel laureate leader of Bangladesh's interim government?" . CNN . Retrieved 7 August 2024 .^ "Sheikh Hasina wins fifth term in Bangladesh amid turnout controversy" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 9 August 2024 .^ "Bangladesh Election 'Not Free Or Fair': US" . Barron's Archived from the original on 8 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024 .^ "UK Says Boycotted Bangladesh Poll Not 'Democratic' . Barron's Agence France-Presse . Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024 .^ "Bangladesh is now in effect a one-party state" . The Economist ISSN 0013-0613 . Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024 .^ Kamruzzaman, Md. (January 17, 2023). "Bangladesh's main opposition party demands formation of caretaker government ahead of polls" . Anadolu Agency . Retrieved 20 April 2024 . ^ "Bangladesh will never allow an unelected government again, says Hasina" . BDNews24 . Retrieved 20 April 2023 .^ "Former Bangladesh Prime Minister Arrested" . NPR . 16 July 2007.^ "Minister: Khaleda Zia's release will be revoked if she participates in politics" . Dhaka Tribune ^ "Zia Orphanage Graft Case: Khaleda's jail term raised to 10 years" . The Daily Star . October 31, 2018.^ "Tarique Rahman acting chairman: BNP leader" . The Daily Star . February 8, 2018.^ "Adequate data found to try Jamaat for war crimes" . Bangladesh Post . June 11, 2023.^ "Who is Khaleda Zia, Sheikh Hasina's rival and former Bangladesh PM who was on 'deathbed' a few months ago" . The Economic Times . Retrieved 9 August 2024 .^ "IPU Parline database: Bangladesh (Jatiya Sangsad), Electoral system" . Inter-Parliamentary Union . Retrieved 18 April 2021 .^ Katherine L. Ekstrand, No Matter Who Draws the Lines: A Comparative Analysis of the Utility of Independent Redistricting Commissions in First-Past-the-Post Democracies
^ "4: Persistent Factionalism: Bangladesh, Bolivia, Zimbabwe", Democratization and the Mischief of Faction Lynne Rienner Publishers , 1 July 2018, pp. 85–112, doi :10.1515/9781626377363-006 , ISBN 978-1-62637-736-3 , retrieved 7 October 2024 ^ a b "Women's Reserved Seats in Bangladesh: A Systemic Analysis of Meaningful Representation" . International Foundation for Electoral Systems . Retrieved 7 October 2024 .^ প্রধান উপদেষ্টার সঙ্গে পীর সাহেব চরমোনাই'র নেতৃত্বে ৬ সদস্যের প্রতিনিধি দলের সংলাপ Islami Andolan Bangladesh ^ "পিআর নির্বাচন পদ্ধতি কী? প্রচলিত ব্যবস্থার সঙ্গে পার্থক্য কোথায়" . Jugantor . 20 October 2024.^ "সংখ্যানুপাতিক নির্বাচন পদ্ধতি কী, কীভাবে হতে পারে বাস্তবায়ন" . www.banglanews24.com . 16 October 2024.^ বাশার, খাইরুল (24 October 2024). "কেমন হবে যদি নির্বাচন হয় সংখ্যানুপাতিক পদ্ধতিতে" . Shokal Shondha .
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