Yunus interim government
Yunus ministry | |
---|---|
![]() Interim government of Bangladesh | |
8 August 2024–present | |
![]() Muhammad Yunus | |
Date formed | 8 August 2024 |
People and organisations | |
President | Mohammed Shahabuddin |
Chief Adviser | Muhammad Yunus |
Total no. of members | 22 |
Member party | Independent |
Status in legislature | Dissolved |
History | |
Election | - |
Outgoing election | TBA |
Predecessor | Hasina V |
An interim government led by the Yunus ministry was formed on 8 August 2024 in Bangladesh, following the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024 amid nationwide student and public protests against the government. Following the dissolution of the 12th Jatiya Sangsad on 6 August 2024, the interim cabinet will remain in office until a new Prime Minister is appointed after a snap general election. The government, like the previous non-CtG interim administrations (in 1975 and 1990), is extra-constitutional. However, the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of Bangladesh affirmed the legality of the stopgap government on 9 August 2024, citing the urgent need to manage state affairs and address the constitutional vacuum,[1][2][3] as has been the case in the past too.
President Mohammed Shahabuddin administered the oath of office to Yunus and his council of advisers at Bangabhaban on 8 August 2024.[4] The cabinet currently consists of 1 chief adviser, 19 advisers and 2 special assistants to the chief adviser. The Jamuna State Guest House is serving as the official residence of the Chief Adviser.[5]
Background
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE.jpg/220px-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE.jpg)
The non-cooperation movement,[a] also known as the one-point movement,[b] was a pro-democratic disinvestment movement and mass uprising against the Awami League-led government of Bangladesh, initiated within the framework of the 2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement. The sole demand of this movement was the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina and her cabinet.[6][7]
Although initially limited to the goal of reforming quotas in government jobs, the movement snowballed into a mass anti-government uprising after the deaths of several protesters. The movement was also fueled by ongoing socio-economic and political issues, including the government's mismanagement of the national economy, rampant corruption by government officials, human rights violations, allegations of undermining the country's sovereignty by Sheikh Hasina, and increasing authoritarianism and democratic backsliding.[8][9][10]
On 3 August 2024, coordinators of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement announced a one-point demand for the resignation of the Prime Minister and her cabinet and called for "comprehensive non-cooperation".[11][12] The following day, violent clashes broke out, resulting in the deaths of 97 people, including students. The coordinators called for a long march to Dhaka to force Hasina out of power on 5 August. That day, a large crowd of protesters made its way through the capital.[13] At around 3:00 p.m. (UTC+6), Sheikh Hasina resigned and fled to India, her government's biggest ally.[14] Widespread celebrations and violence occurred following her removal, while the military and President Mohammed Shahabuddin announced the formation of an interim government led by economist and Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus.[15] Meanwhile, Indian media was seen engaging in a widespread disinformation campaign aimed at destabilizing Bangladesh, following Hasina's resignation and departure to India.[16][17]List of advisers
[edit]The following lists the advisers of the interim government:[18][19][20][21][22]
Portfolio | Minister | Took office | Left office | Ref | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chief Adviser's Office | |||||||||
Chief Adviser and also in-charge of: Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent |
| ||||||
Special Assistant to the Chief Adviser[d] | 16 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former Cabinet Secretary | ||||||
22 August 2024 | Incumbent | Retired lieutenant general of Bangladesh Army | |||||||
28 August 2024 | Incumbent | Liaison committee coordinator of Anti-Discrimination Students Movement[26] | |||||||
Advisers to the Interim Government | |||||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former deputy Attorney General of Bangladesh and founder of Odhikar | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former Attorney General of Bangladesh | ||||||
Adviser for Religious Affairs | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Professor & naib-e-ameer of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh[27] | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Key coordinator of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Professor, Department of Law, University of Dhaka | ||||||
Adviser for Fisheries and Livestock | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Founding executive of UBINIG | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Retired brigadier general of Bangladesh Army and former Election Commissioner of Bangladesh | ||||||
Adviser for Foreign Affairs | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former Foreign Secretary of Bangladesh | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Key coordinator of the Anti-discrimination Students Movement | ||||||
Adviser for Health and Family Welfare | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former acting managing director of Grameen Bank | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Chief executive of BELA | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former governor of Bangladesh Bank | ||||||
Adviser for: | 8 August 2024 | Incumbent | CEO of Brotee | ||||||
Adviser for Primary and Mass Education | 11 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former director-cum-professor of National Institute of Mental Health and Hospital | ||||||
Adviser for Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs | 11 August 2024 | Incumbent | Chairman of Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board | ||||||
Adviser for: | 13 August 2024 | Incumbent | Liberation War veteran & Bir Protik awardee | ||||||
Adviser for: | 16 August 2024 | Incumbent | Retired lieutenant general of Bangladesh Army and former Director-General of Bangladesh Rifles | ||||||
Adviser for: | 16 August 2024 | Incumbent | Former secretary of Power Division | ||||||
Adviser for: | 16 August 2024 | Incumbent | Economist & member of the United Nations Committee for Development Policy and former Adviser of the 1996 Caretaker Government |
Constitutional legality
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/State_Guest_House%2C_Dhaka.jpg/220px-State_Guest_House%2C_Dhaka.jpg)
In spite of the existence of interim administrations in the 1975–78 (Sayem ministry) and 1990–91 (Shahabuddin Ahmed ministry) periods of Bangladeshi political history, there were significant concerns regarding the legality of an interim government, considering that the Constitution of Bangladesh does not allow for it to exist. The Constitution also forbids ouster clauses, following the doctrine of basic constitutional structure.
The only form of interim government that has been constitutional in the past under the country's law was the CtG system introduced in 1996 through the 13th Amendment but this was overturned by the Awami League regime in 2011 through the 15th Amendment, which repealed the former.[28] With the Awami League President and former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigning and fleeing the country amid protests,[29][30] this creates an impossible situation for the Bangladeshi legal system because it can no longer account for transfers of power. That being said, the Appellate Division of the Bangladeshi Supreme Court has acknowledged the necessity of the Yunus government and ruled in favour of what essentially amounts to the wording of the 13th Amendment prior to its suspension: “The Appellate Division opined that in accordance with Article 106 of the Constitution, an interim government can be formed with a chief advisor and a few other advisors in the absence of parliament” as per Chief Justice Obaidul Hassan.[31] Hassan himself a staunch supporter of the ousted Awami League, has since resigned as Chief Justice.[32]
Hence, despite the lack of constitutional legality for an interim government, due to extremely broad popular support and the need to ensure that a military junta takeover like in 1975 is prevented, Yunus was sworn in on the night of August 8, 2024.[33][34] Yunus' government enjoys broad international support and is seen as legitimate by the international community, with many heads of state and Ministers of Foreign Affairs of other nations having congratulated Yunus upon having been sworn in as the new Chief Adviser of the interim government of Bangladesh.[35][36][37]
Reactions
[edit]![]() |
Internal
[edit]- The nomination of Yunus, who accepted an offer to advise the interim government, has been supported by key figures in the student movement.[38][39] Anti-discrimination student movement coordinator Nahid Islam (who later became an adviser to the interim government) said on 6 August 2024,[40]
We have decided that an interim government would be formed, in which internationally renowned Nobel laureate Dr. Muhammad Yunus, who has wide acceptability, would be the chief adviser.
- Former member of parliament and business leader A.K. Azad said in his response,
The government that has been formed under the leadership of Dr. Muhammad Yunus has support from us businessmen. We hope that the broken law and order situation will be restored as soon as possible. All those students and public who were killed will be done justice through a special investigation committee and a special court of law.[h]
- Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Inu) president Hasanul Haq Inu and general secretary Shirin Akhtar said in a statement:
As the primary and main task of the interim government, effective steps must be taken in restoring normalcy and peace in public life by ensuring the safety of life and property of the people through the reestablishment of law and order in the country without delay. Following the taking of office of the interim government, it should be ensured that there not be a single incident of loss of life, attack or destruction of property in the country.[i]
- Joint General Secretary of the Awami League Mahbubul Alam Hanif has congratulated the interim government, which has taken the oath of office after the ouster of the government led by the party, through a Facebook post.[43] He also urged the government to take strict measures to stop killings, looting and arson attacks across the country.
International
[edit]Governments
[edit]- Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada Mélanie Joly welcomed the inauguration of the interim government in Bangladesh led by Dr. Yunus.[44]
- Lin Jian, spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China said, "China has noted the establishment of an interim government of Bangladesh and welcomes this".[45]
- Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi congratulated Yunus after he was sworn in as a chief of the interim government. Modi said, "We hope for an early return to normalcy, ensuring the safety and protection of Hindus and all other minority communities".[46] Leader of Opposition of India Rahul Gandhi & Cheif Minister of West Bengal Mamata Banerjee also congratulated Yunus on being sworn in as the head of Bangladesh's interim government.[47]
- A spokesperson for the South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed hope to strengthen Bangladesh–South Korea relations with the interim government.[48]
- Japanese ambassador to Bangladesh congratulated and extended their full support.[49]
- Prime Minister of Malaysia Anwar Ibrahim congratulated Yunus on his appointment as Chief Adviser of the interim government of Bangladesh.[50]
- President of Maldives Mohamed Muizzu congratulated Yunus on his appointment as the Chief Adviser of the interim government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.[51]
- President of Sri Lanka Ranil Wickremesinghe congratulates Yunus and his interim Government of Bangladesh.[52]
- The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs welcomed the interim government of Dr. Yunus.[53] Prime Minister Dick Schoof also congratulated Dr. Yunus, stating, "Our countries enjoy long-standing and cordial ties. I look forward to supporting your interim government and further deepening our cooperation."[54]
- Prime Minister of Pakistan Shehbaz Sharif wished Yunus great success in guiding Bangladesh towards a harmonious and prosperous future. He looks forward to working with him to deepen cooperation between Pakistan and Bangladesh.[55] Many leaders of Opposition Party Pakistan Tehreek E Insaf(PTI) also congratulates Interim Government of Bangladesh.
- President of Turkiye Recep Tayyip Erdoğan congratulated Yunus.[56] Erdoğan described Yunus as "a friend of Islam and Turkey", adding that "Turkey will continue to provide support in this turbulent time".[57]
- Spokesperson for the United States Department of State Matthew Miller told reporters: "We welcome Dr. Yunus's call for an end to the recent violence and we stand ready to work with the interim government and Dr. Yunus as it charts a democratic future for the people of Bangladesh."[58]
- President of France Emmanuel Macron congratulated Dr Yunus & extended full support.[59]
- Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Keir Starmer welcomed the Interim Government of the Bangladesh and pledged support.[60]
Organizations
[edit]- High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell said, "The EU looks forward to engaging with the new administration and to supporting this critical transition which should be part of a peaceful and inclusive process underpinned by good governance, democratic values and respect for human rights".[61]
- An alliance of 255 revolutionary groups and civil society organizations in Myanmar published an open letter congratulating the establishment of the interim government and appealed to Yunus to collaborate with and support the National Unity Government of Myanmar against the State Administration Council.[62][63]
Claim of Indian conspiracy against Yunus government
[edit]According to allegations raised in the German bilingual magazine The Mirror Asia, two projects have been taken from RA&W against the Yunus government. The first project is from September 1 to November 30. The purpose of this project is to show to the world that Islamic fundamentalist organisations like Islami Chhatra Shibir, Hefazat-e-Islam and Hizb ut Tahrir are all on the shoulders of the Yunus government, in the backdrop of large-scale violence against the Hindu minority & the release of prisoners jailed by the Hasina government on charges of being members of Islamic terrorist groups. The second project aims to convince the Bangladeshi Muslims that 'Yunus is interest-eater, an US agent, is by no means not a good Muslim and after some time, this government may recognize the rights of homosexuals'. India's priority is to show the current government to be dominated by Islamic fundamentalists by November without giving the agitating youth who toppled the government a chance to form a party and bring the Awami League into open politics within the next six months by talking about the election environment.[64][65][66][67] Yunus responded to these reports by declaring that under him, Bangladesh is not going to become another Taliban-ruled Afghanistan.[68] He also stated that any attention to destabilize Bangladesh will have repercussions in the neighbouring Indian state of West Bengal, Northeast India & Myanmar. [69][70]
See also
[edit]- Interim government of Bangladesh
- Constitution of Bangladesh
- Elections in Bangladesh
- Government of Bangladesh
- List of cabinets of Bangladesh
- Non-cooperation movement (2024)
- Politics of Bangladesh
- Sayem ministry (interim 1975-78)
- Shahabuddin Ahmed ministry (interim 1990-91)
- Student politics of Bangladesh
Notes
[edit]- ^ Bengali: অসহযোগ আন্দোলন, romanized: Ôsôhôjōg Āndōlôn
- ^ Bengali: এক দফা আন্দোলন, romanized: Ēk Dôphā Āndōlôn
- ^ Special assistant to the Chief Adviser with the status of a secretary on a contractual basis
- ^ equivalent to adviser
- ^ Title given as "Attached to the Chief Adviser's Office" in Bangladesh government's official website
- ^ Assists the Chief Adviser in matters related to defense and national integrity development
- ^ গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশের অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন সরকারের প্রধান উপদেষ্টা লেফটেন্যান্ট জেনারেল (অব:) আব্দুল হাফিজ-কে প্রধান উপদেষ্টার বিশেষ সহকারী হিসেবে নিয়োগদান করেছেন। (transl. The Chief Adviser of the interim government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh has appointed Lt. Gen. (retd.) Abdul Hafiz as Special Assistant to the Chief Adviser)[25]
- ^ ড. মুহাম্মদ ইউনূসের নেতৃত্বে যে সরকার গঠিত হয়েছে তাতে আমাদের ব্যবসায়ীদের সমর্থন রয়েছে। আমরা আশা করব ভেঙে পড়া আইনশৃঙ্খলা পরিস্থিতি দ্রুত সময়ের মধ্যে ফিরিয়ে আনা হবে। যে সকল ছাত্র-জনতাকে হত্যা করা হয়েছে বিশেষ তদন্ত কমিটি ও বিশেষ আদালতের মাধ্যমে তার বিচারের ব্যবস্থা করবে।[41]
- ^ অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন সরকারের প্রাথমিক ও প্রধান কাজ হিসাবে অনতিবিলম্বে দেশে আইনশৃঙ্খলা পুনঃপ্রতিষ্ঠা করার মধ্য দিয়ে জনগণের জানমালের নিরাপত্তা নিশ্চিত করে জনজীবনে স্বাভাবিকতা ও শান্তি ফিরিয়ে আনতে কার্যকর পদক্ষেপ গ্রহণ করতে হবে। অন্তর্বর্তীকালীন সরকার দায়িত্ব গ্রহণ করার পর দেশে আর একটিও প্রাণহানি, হামলা ও সম্পদ ধ্বংসের ঘটনা যেন না ঘটে তা নিশ্চিত হবে।[42]
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