Nationwide Airlines Flight 723

Nationwide Airlines Flight 723

The aircraft involved seen here on 2 December 2005
Accident
Date	7 November 2007 (2007-11-07)
Summary	Engine detachment; subsequent emergency landing
Site	Cape Town International Airport, Cape Town, South Africa
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Boeing 737-230A
Operator	Nationwide Airlines
IATA flight No.	CE723
ICAO flight No.	NTW723
Call sign	NATIONWIDE 723
Registration	ZS-OEZ
Flight origin	Cape Town International Airport, Cape Town, South Africa
Destination	O. R. Tambo International Airport, Gauteng, South Africa
Occupants	112
Passengers	106
Crew	6
Fatalities	0
Injuries	0
Survivors	112

On Wednesday, 7 November 2007, Nationwide Airlines Flight 723, a Boeing 737-230A owned and operated by Nationwide Airlines, was performing a flight from Cape Town International Airport to O. R. Tambo International Airport, when, during its takeoff roll, engine No.2, the right side engine, suddenly detached from the wing. The pilots then declared an emergency and soon, an emergency landing was performed on runway 01, the runway which the flight had departed from. All 112 occupants survived without injuries.

Background

Aircraft

The aircraft involved, manufactured in 1981, was a Boeing 737-230A registered as ZS-OEZ with serial number 22118. In its 26 years of service, it had logged 57075.9 hours of flying time. It was also powered by two Pratt & Whitney JT8D-15A engines.

Crew

In command was Captain Trevor Arnold, a 50-year-old South African male. He had logged 13860 hours of total flying time, including 3277 logged on the 737-200. He was hired by Nationwide Airlines on 1 November 1997 but after three years, on 15 December 2000, he resigned. About six years later, on 24 May 2006, he was rehired and flew for the same airline until the day of the accident. His co-pilot, First Officer Daniel Perry, a 25-year-old South African male, had logged 1007 hours of flying time, 278.4 hours of which were logged on the 737-200. He was hired by the airline on 3 October 2007.

Accident

During the 737's takeoff roll, the right engine's gauge suddenly died down to zero. After lift-off, the aircraft started to bank left and right followed by a sink rate. The flight crew managed to regain control of the aircraft and set it on a climb to 3000 feet. One orbit was performed around the airport during which, another flight was landing on runway 01. The landing flight was alerted by the air traffic control (ATC) about possible debris on the runway. Both the ATC and the landing flight opted to continue its approach and following the landing, the flight crew reported debris on the runway. Consequently, the ATC forced Flight 723 to continue its orbit while maintaining an altitude of 3000 feet. At the same time, emergency personnel were dispatched to the runway to clear the debris for Flight 723. At 16:10 local time, after 14 minutes and 19 seconds during the cleaning process, the runway was cleared and, subsequently, the 737 successfully executed a safe landing on runway 01 without any brakes and cleared the runway by taxiing into the taxiway before shutting down the engines. The passengers were told to remain seated to await a stairtruck. The evacuation of passengers was carried out smoothly, and there was no need to use the emergency escape slides. All individuals exited the aircraft safely, and no additional incidents were reported.

After accident

Cape Town International Airport was re-opened at 16:58 local time, and at 17:15 local time, the first aircraft departed following the accident.

Investigation and cause

The South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA) and the US National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) were in-charge of the investigation.

On-site investigation

The investigators at the site of the parked Nationwide aircraft noted that the right-hand engine's forward engine mount support (FEMS) had given-out at the inboard engine attachment point. The bolt at the shear section of the outboard engine mount cone had also broke. Although the inboard cone bolt did not break, it remained connected to the inboard FEMS fitting. Also, the rear cone bolt was found to have fractured at its shear section. The aft secondary support was not retrieved from the accident site. The engine debris on the runway was removed before the aircraft came back for the emergency landing. Consequently, the precise location and position of the debris could not be established during the on-site investigation.

Further investigation

Two respective test analyses were performed by the Facet Consulting in South Africa and the NTSB in the United States. The investigating team also asked Boeing Commercial Airplanes to conduct a chemical analysis of samples taken from the three cone bolts and the forward engine mount supporting fitting received during the on-site investigation. Before being sent to the NTSB, the broken cone bolts and the FEMS had already been examined and sectioned. All recovered failed components underwent metallurgical analysis, which indicated that the aft cone bolt had failed due to fatigue. This fatigue failure was likely caused by improper maintenance. Meanwhile, the front outboard cone bolt and the front engine support structure failed due to overload as the engine moved forward and sideways during the engine separation sequence.

Cause

On 30 October 2009, the SACAA released the final report of the accident. The agency stated that the right engine detached from the aircraft because the aft cone bolt failed due to a pre-existing fatigue crack, which was likely a result of improper installation of the bolt.

Aftermath

Safety recommendations

The Commissioner for Civil Aviation enhances the SACAA's ability to provide effective safety oversight and ensure that operators comply with safety requirements and directives. Additionally, the Commissioner set a minimum standard procedure, known as a Safety Management System, to help educate operators in managing risks within their operations.

Nationwide Airlines groundings

On 30 November 2007, the South African Civil Aviation Authority (SACAA) grounded the whole fleet of Nationwide Airlines due to concerns of Nationwide's maintenance practice on its aircraft. On 7 December, the SACAA agreed to allow Nationwide to continue operating its sole Boeing 767-300ER mainly because KLM was in charge of the 767's maintenance. On 24 December, the suspension was lifted but Nationwide lost most of its holiday season passengers leading to pressure on its revenue and the eventual downfall of Nationwide Airlines on 29 April 2008.

Crew awards

Captain Trevor Arnold was awarded the Polaris Award because of how he handled the emergency.

Accident aircraft aftermath

ZS-OEZ, the aircraft involved, was written-off.