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National symbols of India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Government of India has designated official national symbols that represent the Republic of India. These symbols serve as the representation of the identity of the country.[1] When India obtained independence from the British Raj on 15 August 1947, the tricolour flag officially became the first national symbol of the Dominion of India.[2] The Indian Rupee which was in circulation earlier was adopted as the official legal tender after independence.[3] The official state emblem with the motto Satyameva Jayate was adopted later on 30 December 1947.[4] The national anthem and song were adopted two days before the Constitution of India was adopted on 26 January 1950.[5] After India became a republic following the enactment of the constitution, the national symbols officially came to represent the Republic of India.[1][6][7] The last to be adopted as a national symbol was the national microbe Lactobacillus delbrueckii in October 2012.[8]

List of national and official symbols

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National symbols of India
Symbol Name Image Adopted
Official name Republic of India (Bharat Ganarajya)[9]
26 January 1950[10]
National flag Flag of India[9]
15 August 1947 (Dominion of India)[2]

26 January 1950 (Republic of India)[11]
National emblem State Emblem of India[12]
30 December 1947 (Dominion of India)[4]

26 January 1950 (Republic of India)[7]
National motto Satyameva Jayate
("Truth Alone Triumphs")[12]
National anthem Jana Gana Mana[13]
("Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People")[14]
24 January 1950 (Dominion of India)[13]

26 January 1950 (Republic of India)[10]
National song Vande Mataram[15]
("Mother, I bow to thee!")[16]
24 January 1950 (Dominion of India)[1]

26 January 1950 (Republic of India)[10]
National days Independence Day[9]
15 August 1947[17]
Republic Day[9]
changed to vector image
changed to vector image
 26 January 1950[18]
Gandhi Jayanti[9]
2 October[9]
Oath of allegiance National Pledge[19]
26 January 1965[20]
National currency Indian Rupee[21]
15 August 1947[3]

15 July 2010 (symbol)[21]
National calendar Indian National Calendar[22]
22 March 1957[22]
National animal Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris)[1]
April 1973[23]
National bird Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus)[1]
1 February 1963[24]
National heritage animal Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)[25][26]
22 October 2010[27]
National tree Indian Banyan (Ficus benghalensis)[28][29]
1950[30]
National fruit Mango (Mangifera indica)[28][31]
1950[32]
National aquatic animal Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica)[33][34]
18 May 2010[35]
National reptile King cobra (Ophiophagus hanna)[26]
National river Ganges River[36][37]
4 November 2008[38]
National microbe Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus[8]
18 October 2012[8]
National flower Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)[28][39]
1950[40]
National game Field hockey[28]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "National Symbols". Government of India. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 14 August 2022.
  2. ^ a b Jha, Sadan (25 October 2008). "The Indian National Flag as a site of daily plebiscite". Economic and Political Weekly: 102–111. ISSN 0012-9976. OCLC 1567377.
  3. ^ a b "The Journey of Indian Rupee". The Daily Guardian. 3 February 2024. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Press Communique' – State Emblem" (PDF) (Press release). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017.
  5. ^ Orders relating to National Anthem of India (PDF) (Report). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2023. The composition consisting of the words and music of the first stanza of the late poet Rabindra Nath Tagore's song known as "Jana Gana Mana" is the National Anthem of India
  6. ^ "Constitution of India". Government of India. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  7. ^ a b Sanchari Pal (26 December 2016). "A Tribute to the Artist who Sketched and Illuminated India's National Emblem". Better India. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  8. ^ a b c "Education for Biodiversity Conservation". Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. Archived from the original on 29 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  9. ^ a b c d e f "India at a glance". Government of India. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  10. ^ a b c The Constitution of India (PDF). Constituent Assembly of India. 26 January 1950. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2012 – via Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India. Article 1(1): India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
  11. ^ "Indian tricolor". Government of India. Archived from the original on 7 March 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  12. ^ a b "State Emblem". Government of India. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  13. ^ a b "National Anthem". Government of India. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  14. ^ "English translation of Jana Gana Mana". Government of India. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  15. ^ "National Song". Government of India. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  16. ^ "The meaning and history of Vande Mataram". Times Now. 24 January 2024. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  17. ^ "Independence day". Government of India. Archived from the original on 18 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Republic day of India". Government of India. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  19. ^ "Indian Pledge by Staff Members". Ministry of Education, Government of India. 3 August 2022. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  20. ^ "Do you know we have a National Pledge?". Hindustan Times. 20 February 2022. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  21. ^ a b "Currency symbol". Government of India. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  22. ^ a b "National Calendar". Government of India. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  23. ^ "Tiger grabbed lion's national animal status". The Times of India. 18 January 2017. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  24. ^ "Why peacock is considered the national bird". News9. 14 August 2023. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  25. ^ "MOEF to Declare Elephant as National Heritage Animal" (Press release). Government of India. 31 August 2010. Archived from the original on 29 May 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  26. ^ a b "Significant symbols". The Hindu. 8 August 2011. Archived from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  27. ^ "Elephant declared national heritage animal". Hindustan Times. 10 October 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  28. ^ a b c d "National symbols of India". ENVIS, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  29. ^ Judgement of National Green Tribunal South Zone (Report). National Green Tribunal. 6 November 2023. p. 2. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  30. ^ "National Tree of India". Adda247. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  31. ^ "National Mango Festival". Ministry of Tourism, Government of India. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  32. ^ "National fruit". Cultural India. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  33. ^ "Dolphin Declared National Aquatic Animal" (PDF) (Press release). Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. 18 May 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  34. ^ "Dolphin becomes India's national aquatic animal". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009.
  35. ^ Dolphin Declared National Aquatic Animal (PDF) (Report). Government of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
  36. ^ "Ganga to be declared a "National River"" (Press release). Prime Minister's Office, Government of India. 4 November 2008. Archived from the original on 14 July 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  37. ^ "National Mission for Clean Ganga". Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  38. ^ "First anniversary of Ganga being declared as National River of India". The Times of India. 4 November 2009. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  39. ^ "National flower". Government of India. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020.
  40. ^ "Lotus flower is associated with India's cultural identity". Deccan Herald. 13 November 2022. Archived from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
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