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National Academy of Design

Coordinates: 40°44′15.7″N 73°59′12.3″W / 40.737694°N 73.986750°W / 40.737694; -73.986750
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National Academy of Design
Formation1863; 161 years ago (1863)
TypeHonorary organization, museum, and school
PurposeTo promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition
HeadquartersManhattan, New York City, U.S.
Location
  • 14-15 Gramercy Park South
Coordinates40°44′15.7″N 73°59′12.3″W / 40.737694°N 73.986750°W / 40.737694; -73.986750
President
Wendy Evans Joseph
Websitewww.nationalacademy.org

The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition."[1] Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.

History

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National Academy of Design in New York City, one of many Gothic revival buildings modeled on Doge's Palace in Venice, seen c. 1863–1865; this building was demolished in 1901.

The original founders of the National Academy of Design were students of the American Academy of the Fine Arts. However, by 1825 the students of the American Academy felt a lack of support for teaching from the academy, its board composed of merchants, lawyers, and physicians, and from its unsympathetic president, the painter John Trumbull.

Samuel Morse and other students set about forming a drawing association to meet several times each week for the study of the art of design. Still, the association was viewed as a dependent organization of the American Academy, from which they felt neglected. An attempt was made to reconcile differences and maintain a single academy by appointing six of the artists from the association as directors of the American Academy. When four of the nominees were not elected, however, the frustrated artists resolved to form a new academy and the National Academy of Design was born.[2]

Morse had been a student at the Royal Academy in London and emulated its structure and goals for the National Academy of Design. The mission of the academy, from its foundation, was to "promote the fine arts in America through exhibition and education."[3]

In 2015, the academy struggled with financial hardship. In the next few years, it closed its museum and art school, and created an endowment through the sale of its New York real estate holdings.[4] Today, the academy advocates for the arts as a tool for education, celebrates the role of artists and architects in public life, and serves as a catalyst for cultural conversations that propel society forward.[5]

According to the academy, its 450 National Academicians "are professional artists and architects who are elected to membership by their peers annually."[6]

Official names

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After three years and some tentative names, in 1828 the academy found its longstanding name "National Academy of Design", under which it was known to one and a half centuries. In 1997, newly appointed director Annette Blaugrund rebranded the institution as the "National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art", to reflect "a new spirit of integration incorporating the association of artists, museum, and school", and to avoid confusion with the now differently understood term "design".[7] This change was reversed in 2017.[3]

  • 1825 The New York Drawing Association
  • 1826 The National Academy of The Arts of Design
  • 1828 The National Academy of Design
  • 1997 The National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art
  • 2017 The National Academy of Design

Locations

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The academy occupied several locations in Manhattan over the years. Notable among them was a building on Park Avenue and 23rd Street designed by architect P. B. Wight and built 1863–1865 in a Venetian Gothic style modeled on the Doge's Palace in Venice. Another location was at West 109th Street and Amsterdam Avenue.[8] From 1906 to 1941, the academy occupied the American Fine Arts Society building at 215 West 57th Street.[9]

From 1942 to 2019, the academy occupied a mansion at 1083 Fifth Avenue, near 89th Street;[10] it had been the home of sculptor Anna Hyatt Huntington and philanthropist Archer M. Huntington, who donated the house in 1940.[11]

The National Academy of Design shared offices and galleries with the National Arts Club located inside the historic Samuel J. Tilden House, 14-15 Gramercy Park South from 2019 until 2023.

Currently the home of the National Academy of Design is at 519 West 26th Street, 2nd Floor with offices as well as meeting, event and exhibition space.

Organization and activities

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The National Academy School of Fine Arts

The academy is a professional honorary organization, with a school and a museum.

One cannot apply for membership, which since 1994, after many changes in numbers, is limited to 450 American artists and architects. Instead, members are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence. Full members of the National Academy are identified by the post-nominal "NA" (National Academician), associates by "ANA".[12]

At the heart of the National Academy is their ever-growing collection. Academicians choose and contribute a work of their own creation, building upon the academy's distinguished legacy. Today, their permanent collection totals over 8,000 works and tells a singular history of American art and architecture as constructed by its creators. The academy organizes major exhibitions and loans their works to leading institutions around the world, in addition to providing resources that foster scholarship across disciplines.

Notable instructors

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Among the teaching staff were numerous artists, including Will Hicok Low, who taught from 1889 to 1892. Another was Charles Louis Hinton, whose long tenure started in 1901. The famous American poet William Cullen Bryant also gave lectures. Architect Alexander Jackson Davis taught at the academy. Painter Lemuel Wilmarth was the first full-time instructor.[13] Silas Dustin was a curator.[14]

Notable members

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A few members in 1850 (L to R): Henry Kirke Brown, Henry Peters Gray and founding member Asher Brown Durand.
Annual Reception at the National Academy of Design, New York, 1868, a wood engraving from a sketch by W. S. L. Jewett.
Norman Rockwell

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Charles Cushing Wright (1796-1854)". Retrieved August 14, 2017.
  2. ^ Dunlap, William (1918). A History of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States (Vol. 3). C. E. Goodspeed & Co. pp. 52–57. Retrieved February 17, 2008.
  3. ^ a b Historical Overview, National Academy of Design.
  4. ^ Kennedy, Randy (March 17, 2016). "National Academy Plans to Sell Two Fifth Avenue Buildings". The New York Times – via NYTimes.com.
  5. ^ Allen, Brian T (January 5, 2019). "The National Academy of Design Makes a Triumphant Comeback". National Review. Retrieved March 19, 2020. It has always been an artist-run organization. Its exclusive, invite-only membership comprises many of the best artists in the country, and going forward it has decided to focus its resources and energy on serving them. This means promoting their achievements, helping them through grants, and producing a snappy online journal that's fresh and focused.
  6. ^ National Academicians, National Academy of Design.
  7. ^ Annette Blaugrund as quoted in Traditional Fine Arts Organization, News: National Academy Clarifies Identity with Change of Name and New Visual Identity.
  8. ^ Cassell, Dewey, with Aaron Sultan and Mike Gartland. The Art of George Tuska (TwoMorrows Publishing, 2005), ISBN 978-1-893905-40-5, p. 10
  9. ^ "Celebrating the American Fine Arts Society Building". asllinea.org. November 4, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  10. ^ "Art of Past Era to Be Exhibited; National Academy of Design Opens New Home Jan. 1". The New York Times. October 5, 1941. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 6, 2020.
  11. ^ The New York Times, January 11, 1998
  12. ^ Artist Membership, National Academy of Design
  13. ^ "NAD". nationalacademy.org. Archived from the original on July 6, 2009.
  14. ^ "Painting by Dustin". fineart.ha.com. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
  15. ^ Board of Governors. "National Academicians". The National Academy. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
  16. ^ "William Penn Morgan Painting - Loves Me-Loves Me Not - 19th Century American Fine Art". www.bedfordfineartgallery.com.
  17. ^ Erin Corley (2007). "American Watercolor Society records, 1867-1977, bulk 1950-1970". Archives of American Art Oral History Program. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
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