Castilleja linariifolia
| Castilleja linariifolia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Castilleja linariifolia, in the Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Orobanchaceae |
| Genus: | Castilleja |
| Species: | C. linariifolia
|
| Binomial name | |
| Castilleja linariifolia | |
Castilleja linariifolia is a perennial plant, native to the United States and is the state flower of Wyoming. It has a number of common names including Wyoming Indian paintbrush, narrow-leaved Indian paintbrush, desert paintbrush, Wyoming desert paintbrush, Wyoming paintbrush, linaria-leaved Indian Paintbrush, and Indian paintbrush.[2]
Description
[edit]It is a perennial herb.[3] It grows up to one meter in height and has sparse, linear leaves which are between 20 and 80 mm in length and have up to 3 lobes.[4] The flowers, which consist of a pinkish-red to yellow calyx and yellow-green floral tube, appear in panicles or spikes between June and September in its native range.[4]
Distribution and habitat
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This species occurs on rocky slopes and arid plains and is associated with sagebrush scrub as well as pinyon pine or juniper woodland.[4] It is native to Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Wyoming.[5]
Ecology
[edit]The Edith's checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha) in some areas such as Gunnison County, Colorado feeds nearly exclusively on the Wyoming paintbrush. Other species in the area such as Castilleja chromosa and Penstemon strictus have similar nutritional qualities, but the greater and more consistent availability of Wyoming paintbrush such as droughts are thought to have given the butterfly a preference for this paintbrush species.[6]
State flower
[edit]When options were being considered for a state flower for Wyoming, Dr. Grace Raymond Hebard from the University of Wyoming promoted this species over rival candidates including the columbine and fringed gentian.[2]
The State of Wyoming officially adopted the Indian paintbrush ("Castilleja linariaefolia") as the state flower of Wyoming on January 31, 1917.[2][7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 13 April 2023.
- ^ a b c "Wyoming State Flower Indian Paintbrush Castilleja linariaefolia". Netstate. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
- ^ a b c "UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for Castilleja linariifolia". The University and Jepson Herbaria, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ "PLANTS Profile for Castilleja linariifolia (Wyoming Indian paintbrush)". USDA. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ Holdren, Cheryl E.; Ehrlich, Paul R. (1982). "Ecological determinants of food plant choice in the checkerspot butterfly Euphydryas editha in Colorado". Oecologia. 52 (3): 417–423. doi:10.1007/BF00367970.
- ^ "Wyoming Statute 8-3-104". Wyoming Statutes. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
External links
[edit]
- NatureServe secure species
- Castilleja
- Flora of the Western United States
- Flora of California
- Flora of Colorado
- Flora of Idaho
- Flora of Montana
- Flora of New Mexico
- Flora of Nevada
- Flora of Oregon
- Flora of Utah
- Flora of Wyoming
- Flora of the California desert regions
- Flora of the Great Basin
- Natural history of the California chaparral and woodlands
- Flora of the Cascade Range
- Flora of the Klamath Mountains
- Flora of the Sierra Nevada (United States)
- Natural history of the California Coast Ranges
- Natural history of the Central Valley (California)
- Natural history of the Channel Islands of California
- Natural history of the Mojave Desert
- Natural history of the Peninsular Ranges
- Natural history of the San Francisco Bay Area
- Natural history of the Santa Monica Mountains
- Natural history of the Transverse Ranges
- Symbols of Wyoming