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Namur (Chamber of Representatives constituency)

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Namur
Namen
Namür
Constituency
for the Chamber of Representatives
Outline map
Location of Namur within Belgium
ProvinceNamur
RegionWallonia
Population502,261 (2023)[1]
Electorate379,299 (2019)
Area3,675 km2 (2023)[2]
Current Constituency
Created1995
Seats6 (1995–present)
Members[3]
List
Created from
List

Namur (Dutch: Namen; German: Namür) is one of the 11 multi-member constituencies of the Chamber of Representatives, the lower house of the Belgian Federal Parliament, the national legislature of Belgium. The constituency was established as Namur-Dinant-Philippeville (Dutch: Namen-Dinant-Philippeville) in 1995 following the fourth Belgian state reform. It was renamed Namur in 2003 following the re-organisation of constituencies across Belgium along provincial lines. It is conterminous with the province of Namur. The constituency currently elects six of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system. At the 2019 federal election the constituency had 379,299 registered electors.

Electoral system

[edit]

Namur currently elects six of the 150 members of the Chamber of Representatives using the open party-list proportional representation electoral system.[4][5] Seats are allocated using the D'Hondt method.[6][7] Since 2003 only parties that reach the 5% threshold in the constituency compete for seats.[8][9]

Electors may vote for the list (party) or for individual candidates, either main candidates or substitute candidates or a combination, on the list.[10] They may vote for as many candidates as there are seats in the constituency.[11] Split-ticket voting (panachage) is not permitted and will result in the ballot paper being invalidated.[12] The minimum number of votes a candidate must obtain to get elected - the quotient - is calculated as the total votes received by the party divided by the number of seats in the constituency plus one.[13] Half the ballot papers where there are no votes for main candidates (i.e. the elector has voted for the list or for substitute candidates only) are redistributed amongst main candidates in the order they appear on the ballot paper so that the candidate's total votes (personal votes plus redistributed votes) equals the quotient.[13] The seats won by the party are then allocated to the candidates with the most number of total votes.[13]

Election results

[edit]

Summary

[edit]
Election Workers
PTB		 Ecolo
Ecolo		 Socialists
PS		 Democratic Federalists
DéFI / FDF		 Reformists
MR / PRL-FDF		 Les Engagés
LE / CDH / PSC		 Chez Nous
Chez Nous / PP		 National Front
FN
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
2019 36,330 11.92% 1 46,320 15.19% 1 67,422 22.11% 2 14,809 4.86% 0 60,266 19.77% 1 51,977 17.05% 1 8,906 2.92% 0
2014 14,559 4.86% 0 29,186 9.74% 1 83,361 27.83% 2 8,367 2.79% 0 84,788 28.31% 2 48,135 16.07% 1 13,029 4.35% 0
2010 4,456 1.55% 0 38,577 13.38% 1 92,857 32.20% 2 71,099 24.65% 2 45,905 15.92% 1 8,985 3.12% 0 7,986 2.77% 0
2007 1,503 0.51% 0 43,532 14.76% 1 76,529 25.95% 2 97,072 32.92% 2 49,906 16.92% 1 14,649 4.97% 0
2003 1,086 0.38% 0 24,297 8.60% 0 94,634 33.50% 3 79,599 28.18% 2 51,685 18.30% 1 14,799 5.24% 0
1999 833 0.31% 0 51,748 19.33% 1 73,770 27.56% 2 67,958 25.39% 2 51,190 19.12% 1 10,887 4.07% 0
1995 1,582 0.61% 0 29,723 11.41% 0 81,859 31.41% 2 66,622 25.57% 2 59,850 22.97% 2 18,050 6.93% 0

(Figures in italics represent alliances.)

Detailed

[edit]

2010s

[edit]
2019
[edit]

Results of the 2019 federal election held on 26 May 2019:[14][15][16]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes		 % Seats
Dinant Namur Philippe
-ville		 Expat
-riates
Socialist Party PS 14,108 42,975 10,251 88 67,422 22.11% 2
Reformist Movement MR 17,388 33,743 8,999 136 60,266 19.77% 1
Humanist Democratic Centre CDH 10,742 35,958 5,220 57 51,977 17.05% 1
Ecolo Ecolo 9,690 32,212 4,204 214 46,320 15.19% 1
Workers' Party of Belgium PTB 7,902 22,338 6,066 24 36,330 11.92% 1
DéFI DéFI 2,696 10,702 1,389 22 14,809 4.86% 0
People's Party PP 1,796 5,318 1,776 16 8,906 2.92% 0
Destexhe List 984 2,798 534 10 4,326 1.42% 0
DierAnimal 754 2,858 452 6 4,070 1.33% 0
Citizen Collective CC 565 1,212 628 1 2,406 0.79% 0
The Right 515 1,380 406 9 2,310 0.76% 0
Vlaams Belang VB 636 1,115 368 5 2,124 0.70% 0
Nation 244 1,138 543 4 1,929 0.63% 0
Agir 316 1,064 300 2 1,682 0.55% 0
Valid Votes 68,336 194,811 41,136 594 304,877 100.00% 6
Rejected Votes 6,659 14,855 4,175 35 25,724 7.78%
Total Polled 74,995 209,666 45,311 629 330,601 87.16%
Registered Electors 85,118 241,729 51,574 878 379,299
Turnout 88.11% 86.74% 87.86% 71.64% 87.16%

The following candidates were elected:[16] David Clarinval (MR), 18,209 votes; Jean-Marc Delizée (PS), 12,428 votes; Georges Gilkinet (Ecolo), 11,481 votes; Maxime Prévot (CDH), 31,757 votes; Eliane Tillieuxt (PS), 21,514 votes; and Thierry Warmoes (PTB), 5,654 votes.

Substitutions:[17]

2014
[edit]

Results of the 2014 federal election held on 25 May 2014:[18][19][20]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes		 % Seats
Dinant Namur Philippe
-ville		 Expat
-riates
Reformist Movement MR 24,901 48,542 11,199 146 84,788 28.31% 2
Socialist Party PS 16,731 53,490 12,997 143 83,361 27.83% 2
Humanist Democratic Centre CDH 9,993 31,870 6,209 63 48,135 16.07% 1
Ecolo Ecolo 6,149 20,356 2,576 105 29,186 9.74% 1
Workers' Party of Belgium PTB 2,798 9,731 2,025 5 14,559 4.86% 0
People's Party PP 2,212 8,457 2,355 5 13,029 4.35% 0
Francophone Democratic Federalists FDF 1,406 5,863 1,087 11 8,367 2.79% 0
Debout Les Belges! 1,130 4,293 1,188 5 6,616 2.21% 0
The Right 881 2,447 666 9 4,003 1.34% 0
Rassemblement Wallonie France RWF 465 1,212 287 3 1,967 0.66% 0
Nation 230 1,037 308 1 1,576 0.53% 0
Voice of the Belgian People 223 878 177 2 1,280 0.43% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 172 594 81 10 857 0.29% 0
Walloon Front FW 101 470 124 0 695 0.23% 0
New Alternative Wallonia NWA 126 432 112 0 670 0.22% 0
Left Movement MG 88 272 62 1 423 0.14% 0
Valid Votes 67,606 189,944 41,453 509 299,512 100.00% 6
Rejected Votes 5,741 15,402 4,025 32 25,200 7.76%
Total Polled 73,347 205,346 45,478 541 324,712 88.28%
Registered Electors 82,268 234,008 50,843 714 367,833
Turnout 89.16% 87.75% 89.45% 75.77% 88.28%

The following candidates were elected:[20] David Clarinval (MR), 23,544 votes; Jean-Marc Delizée (PS), 23,317 votes; Benoît Dispa (CDH), 13,909 votes; Georges Gilkinet (Ecolo), 6,846 votes; Gwenaëlle Grovonius (PS), 10,176 votes; and Stéphanie Thoron (MR), 12,553 votes.

2010
[edit]

Results of the 2010 federal election held on 13 June 2010:[21][22][23]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes		 % Seats
Dinant Namur Philippe
-ville		 Expat
-riates
Socialist Party PS 18,496 59,451 14,841 69 92,857 32.20% 2
Reformist Movement MR 21,547 40,567 8,858 127 71,099 24.65% 2
Humanist Democratic Centre CDH 9,592 29,472 6,792 49 45,905 15.92% 1
Ecolo Ecolo 7,859 26,873 3,748 97 38,577 13.38% 1
People's Party PP 1,772 5,822 1,371 20 8,985 3.12% 0
National Front FN 1,657 4,902 1,422 5 7,986 2.77% 0
Rassemblement Wallonie France RWF 1,566 4,479 1,235 8 7,288 2.53% 0
Wallonia First 970 2,896 749 11 4,626 1.60% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PTB 747 3,152 555 2 4,456 1.55% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 773 2,304 398 20 3,495 1.21% 0
Left Front 280 938 184 3 1,405 0.49% 0
Wallon+ W+ 251 950 163 3 1,367 0.47% 0
Socialist Movement Plus 115 197 56 0 368 0.13% 0
Valid Votes 65,625 182,003 40,372 414 288,414 100.00% 6
Rejected Votes 5,578 14,061 3,824 20 23,483 7.53%
Total Polled 71,203 196,064 44,196 434 311,897 88.29%
Registered Electors 79,932 223,482 49,381 471 353,266
Turnout 89.08% 87.73% 89.50% 92.14% 88.29%

The following candidates were elected:[23] David Clarinval (MR), 13,092 votes; Jean-Marc Delizée (PS), 24,104 votes; Valérie Déom (PS), 13,578 votes; Georges Gilkinet (Ecolo), 6,705 votes; Sabine Laruelle (MR), 32,389 votes; and Maxime Prévot (CDH), 20,226 votes.

Substitutions:[24]

2000s

[edit]
2007
[edit]

Results of the 2007 federal election held on 10 June 2007:[25][26]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes		 % Seats
Dinant Namur Philippe
-ville		 Expat
-riates
Reformist Movement MR 28,502 56,187 12,203 180 97,072 32.92% 2
Socialist Party PS 15,476 49,062 11,884 107 76,529 25.95% 2
Humanist Democratic Centre CDH 9,919 32,157 7,756 74 49,906 16.92% 1
Ecolo Ecolo 8,251 30,654 4,501 126 43,532 14.76% 1
National Front FN 2,463 9,307 2,866 13 14,649 4.97% 0
Rassemblement Wallonie France RWF 751 2,691 700 4 4,146 1.41% 0
New Belgian Front FNB 445 1,378 320 3 2,146 0.73% 0
Wallon Wallon 354 1,306 312 18 1,990 0.67% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PTB 178 1,128 195 2 1,503 0.51% 0
National Force 207 887 196 2 1,292 0.44% 0
Federal Christian Democrats CDF 283 789 146 10 1,228 0.42% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 150 623 96 4 873 0.30% 0
Valid Votes 66,979 186,169 41,175 543 294,866 100.00% 6
Rejected Votes 4,913 12,057 3,393 42 20,405 6.47%
Total Polled 71,892 198,226 44,568 585 315,271 90.57%
Registered Electors 78,148 220,977 48,281 695 348,101
Turnout 91.99% 89.70% 92.31% 84.17% 90.57%

The following candidates were elected:[26] François Bellot (MR), 19,150 votes; Maryse Declercq-Robert (PS), 6,993 votes; Claude Eerdekens (PS), 24,103 votes; Georges Gilkinet (Ecolo), 7,705 votes; Sabine Laruelle (MR), 39,763 votes; and Maxime Prévot (CDH), 18,244 votes.

Substitutions:[27]

2003
[edit]

Results of the 2003 federal election held on 18 May 2003:[28][29]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes		 % Seats
Dinant Namur Philippe
-ville		 Expat
-riates
Socialist Party PS 16,984 63,402 14,166 82 94,634 33.50% 3
Reformist Movement MR 21,930 47,149 10,377 143 79,599 28.18% 2
Humanist Democratic Centre CDH 14,694 29,665 7,278 48 51,685 18.30% 1
Ecolo Ecolo 4,646 17,145 2,424 82 24,297 8.60% 0
National Front FN 2,432 9,821 2,527 19 14,799 5.24% 0
Federal Christian Democrats CDF 883 3,307 386 29 4,605 1.63% 0
Vivant Vivant 724 2,651 544 4 3,923 1.39% 0
Rassemblement Wallonie France RWF 461 1,778 449 6 2,694 0.95% 0
CHOPE 444 1,696 289 1 2,430 0.86% 0
New Belgian Front FNB 269 920 198 0 1,387 0.49% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PTB 181 723 177 5 1,086 0.38% 0
Belgische Unie – Union Belge BUB 145 604 113 3 865 0.31% 0
Socialist Movement MS 97 324 44 4 469 0.17% 0
Valid Votes 63,890 179,185 38,972 426 282,473 100.00% 6
Rejected Votes 5,713 13,831 3,991 104 23,639 7.72%
Total Polled 69,603 193,016 42,963 530 306,112 90.95%
Registered Electors 75,498 213,834 46,631 607 336,570
Turnout 92.19% 90.26% 92.13% 87.31% 90.95%

The following candidates were elected:[30] Anne Barzin (MR), 24,353 votes; François Bellot (MR), 18,399 votes; Jean-Marc Delizée (PS), 19,590 votes; Valérie Déom (PS), 11,379 votes; Claude Eerdekens (PS), 31,151 votes; and Richard Fournaux (CDH), 22,768 votes.

Substitutions:[31]

1990s

[edit]
1999
[edit]

Results of the 1999 federal election held on 13 June 1999:[32][33]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes		 % Seats
Dinant Namur Philippe
-ville
Socialist Party PS 12,591 49,678 11,501 73,770 27.56% 2
Liberal Reformist Party
and Democratic Front of Francophones		 PRL-FDF 19,263 39,689 9,006 67,958 25.39% 2
Ecolo Ecolo 9,775 35,628 6,345 51,748 19.33% 1
Christian Social Party PSC 15,352 28,619 7,219 51,190 19.12% 1
National Front FN 1,630 7,567 1,690 10,887 4.07% 0
Vivant Vivant 976 4,374 791 6,141 2.29% 0
French People United in a National
Action of Co-operation and Emancipation		 FRANCE 251 777 298 1,326 0.50% 0
Communist Party of Wallonia PC 243 830 208 1,281 0.48% 0
New Belgian Front FNB 199 913 134 1,246 0.47% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PTB 132 563 138 833 0.31% 0
Party for a New Politics in Belgium PNPB 116 579 103 798 0.30% 0
Alliance A 104 357 61 522 0.19% 0
Valid Votes 60,632 169,574 37,494 267,700 100.00% 6
Rejected Votes 6,597 15,319 4,513 26,429 8.99%
Total Polled 67,229 184,893 42,007 294,129 90.68%
Registered Electors 72,966 205,767 45,619 324,352
Turnout 92.14% 89.86% 92.08% 90.68%

The following candidates were elected:[34] Anne Barzin (PRL-FDF), 19,337 votes; Martine Dardenne (Ecolo), 12,041 votes; Jean-Marc Delizée (PS), 15,062 votes; Claude Eerdekens (PS), 34,608 votes; Richard Fournaux (PSC), 23,538 votes; and Michel Wauthier (PRL-FDF), 10,874 votes.

1995
[edit]

Results of the 1995 federal election held on 21 May 1995:[35][36]

Party Votes per arrondissement Total
Votes		 % Seats
Dinant Namur Philippe
-ville
Socialist Party PS 14,421 54,972 12,466 81,859 31.41% 2
Liberal Reformist Party
and Democratic Front of Francophones		 PRL-FDF 18,716 38,807 9,099 66,622 25.57% 2
Christian Social Party PSC 16,210 34,852 8,788 59,850 22.97% 2
Ecolo Ecolo 5,457 20,965 3,301 29,723 11.41% 0
National Front FN 2,746 12,814 2,490 18,050 6.93% 0
Workers' Party of Belgium PTB 267 1,074 241 1,582 0.61% 0
Unitarist and Centrist UNIE 140 871 107 1,118 0.43% 0
Union and Democratic Renewal URD 195 417 92 704 0.27% 0
Solidarity, Universality, Human Rights
and Belgian Unity–New		 SUD-BEB 109 446 43 598 0.23% 0
Parti Communautaire National-Européen PCN 89 308 82 479 0.18% 0
Valid Votes 58,350 165,526 36,709 260,585 100.00% 6
Rejected Votes 7,005 15,504 4,612 27,121 9.43%
Total Polled 65,355 181,030 41,321 287,706 91.10%
Registered Electors 71,092 200,015 44,694 315,801
Turnout 91.93% 90.51% 92.45% 91.10%

The following candidates were elected:[37] Jean Barzin (PRL-FDF), 17,845 votes; Pierre Beaufays (PSC), 11,637 votes; Jean-Marc Delizée (PS), 18,944 votes; Claude Eerdekens (PS), 24,057 votes; Richard Fournaux (PSC), 16,584 votes; and Michel Wauthier (PRL-FDF), 11,245 votes.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population by place of residence, nationality (Belgian/non-Belgian), marital status, age and gender". Brussels, Belgium: Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  2. ^ "Land use according to the land register". Brussels, Belgium: Statistics Belgium. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  3. ^ "DOC 55 0001/015 Liste des Membres de la Chambre et Leurs Suppléants" (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 24 October 2023. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  4. ^ "Election for Belgian Chamber of Representatives". Election Guide. Arlington, U.S.A.: International Foundation for Electoral Systems. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
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  6. ^ "Belgium: Chambre des Représentants (House of Representatives)". PARLINE database on national parliaments. Geneva, Switzerland: Inter-Parliamentary Union. Archived from the original on 24 January 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
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  8. ^ "Elections 2019: The 5% electoral threshold". VRT. Brussels, Belgium. 8 May 2019. Archived from the original on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
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  10. ^ "Électeurs: Comment voter ?". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  11. ^ Wall, Alan (2 June 2021). "Open List Proportional Representation: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly". Stockholm, Sweden: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. p. 15. Archived from the original on 6 April 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  12. ^ "Électeurs: Comment voter ? - Vote papier". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  13. ^ a b c "Informations générales: Dépouillement, répartition des sièges et désignation des élus". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 10 June 2024. Retrieved 15 June 2024.
  14. ^ "Résultats – Archives: Elections du 26 mai 2019 – Tableaux des résultats - Chambre - Nombres de votes obtenus par les listes répartis par canton". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  15. ^ "Résultats – Archives: Elections du 26 mai 2019 – Tableaux des résultats - Chambre - Nombres d'inscrits, de bulletins déposés, de bulletins valables, de bulletins blancs ou nuls par canton". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  16. ^ a b "Résultat Chambre des Représentants 26 mai 2019 - Circonscription de Namur". Résultats électoraux (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  17. ^ "DOC 55 0001/015 Liste des Membres de la Chambre et Leurs Suppléants" (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 24 October 2023. pp. 14–15. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  18. ^ "Résultats – Archives: Elections du 25 mai 2014 – Tableaux des résultats - Chambre - Nombres de votes obtenus par les listes répartis par canton". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  19. ^ "Résultats – Archives: Elections du 25 mai 2014 – Tableaux des résultats - Chambre - Nombres d'inscrits, de bulletins déposés, de bulletins valables, de bulletins blancs ou nuls par canton". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
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  21. ^ "Résultats – Archives: Elections du 13 juin 2010 – Tableaux des résultats - Chambre - Nombres de votes obtenus par les listes répartis par circonscription et par canton". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  22. ^ "Résultats – Archives: Elections du 13 juin 2010 – Tableaux des résultats - Chambre - Nombres d'inscrits, de bulletins déposés, de bulletins valables, de bulletins blancs ou nuls par canton". Elections (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  23. ^ a b "Résultat Chambre des Représentants 13 juin 2010 - Circonscription de Namur". Résultats électoraux (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  24. ^ "DOC 53 0001/004 Liste des Membres de la Chambre et Leurs Suppléants" (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 25 April 2014. p. 19. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  25. ^ Elections Législatives du 10 juin 2007: Résultats officiels - Chambre des Représentants (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. p. 20. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  26. ^ a b "Résultat Chambre des Représentants 10 juin 2007 - Circonscription de Namur". Résultats électoraux (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  27. ^ "DOC 52 0001/008 Liste des Membres de la Chambre et Leurs Suppléants" (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 27 November 2009. pp. 18–19. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  28. ^ Elections Législatives du 18 mai 2003: Résultats officiels - Chambre des Représentants (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. p. 20. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  29. ^ "Résultat Chambre des Représentants 18 mai 2003 - Namur". Résultats électoraux (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
  30. ^ Elections Législatives du 18 mai 2003: Résultats officiels - Chambre des Représentants (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 273–285. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  31. ^ "DOC 51 0001/005 Liste des Membres de la Chambre et Leurs Suppléants" (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. 30 April 2006. pp. 20–21. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  32. ^ Elections Législatives du 13 juin 1999: Résultats officiels - Chambre des Représentants (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. p. 30. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  33. ^ "Résultat Chambre des Représentants 13 juin 1999 - Namur-Dinant-Philippeville". Résultats électoraux (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  34. ^ Elections Législatives du 13 juin 1999: Résultats officiels - Chambre des Représentants (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 211–222. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  35. ^ Elections Législatives du 21 mai 1995: Résultats officiels - Chambre des Représentants (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. p. 26. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  36. ^ "Résultat Chambre des Représentants 21 mai 1995 - Namur-Dinant-Philippeville". Résultats électoraux (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Federal Public Service Interior. Retrieved 18 June 2024.
  37. ^ Elections Législatives du 21 mai 1995: Résultats officiels - Chambre des Représentants (PDF) (in French). Brussels, Belgium: Chamber of Representatives. pp. 205–214. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
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