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Murder of Farah Fratta

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Murder of Farah Fratta
LocationAtascocita, Texas, United States
DateNovember 9, 1994
Attack type
Murder by firearms
Contract killing
ConvictedRobert Alan Fratta, 37
Howard Paul Guidry, 18
Joseph Andrew Prystash, 38
VerdictAll three men found guilty of capital murder
Death penalty for all three accused
ConvictionsCapital murder
SentenceCapital punishment by lethal injection

On November 9, 1994, 33-year-old Farah Fratta (August 5, 1961 – November 9, 1994) was gunned down at her home's garage in Atascocita, Texas. Investigations revealed that Robert Alan Fratta (February 22, 1957 – January 10, 2023), a police officer and the estranged husband of Farah, had masterminded the murder of Farah by hiring two men to kill her, for which the motive was related to the unresolved divorce lawsuit between the couple and their fight for custody of their children.[1]

Fratta's neighbour Joseph Andrew Prystash (born September 5, 1956) was the middleman recruited by Fratta to plan the murder, and the hired gunman Howard Paul Guidry (born April 15, 1976) was recruited by Prystash to carry out the murder in return. The case remained unsolved for months before Guidry was arrested for an unrelated bank robbery case, and he was therefore linked to the murder, and this also led to the arrests of Fratta and Prystash.[2]

All three conspirators were found guilty of capital murder, and sentenced to death in separate trials. Fratta, who denied masterminding his wife's murder and maintained his innocence, was executed by lethal injection on January 10, 2023, after his appeals against the conviction failed. The remaining two killers, Prystash and Guidry, remains on death row at the Polunsky Unit as of 2024.[3]

Background and murder

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Divorce lawsuit and murder plot

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Farah Fahmida Baquer, whose parents were from the Iraq, was born in Guildford, Surrey, England on August 5, 1961. In 1983, Farah married her husband Robert Alan Fratta, who was a public safety officer in Missouri City, Texas, U.S. Together, the couple had three children.[4]

However, nine years later, Farah filed for divorce in March 1992, given that the couple's marriage had been fraught with difficulties and conflicts. Farah reportedly submitted that one of her grounds for divorce was due to her husband's bizarre and deviant sexual demands. The divorce lawsuit progressed before the courts for two years without any conclusion reached, and the Frattas fought for the custody rights of their two sons and one daughter.[4][5]

According to Robert Fratta's co-workers and friends, they heard Fratta expressing on many occasions about his intent to kill his wife due to his embitterment towards her. One of Fratta's friends from the gym said that Fratta told him about his plan to use a gun and shoot her multiple times, while another claimed that he heard Fratta talking about engineering his wife's death as a carjacking-turned-murder and brought a gun along during their time in a nightclub. At least two of Fratta's co-workers from the police force also heard Fratta feeling displeased about the possible child custody payments he need to settle and thought of killing Farah to gain custodial rights of his children.[4][6][7]

Others also testified that they had heard Fratta expressing his intention to hire people to kill his wife on many occasions. Fratta had told a female friend that he was looking for hitmen, specifically those of African-American descent, to assassinate his wife. Another friend was consulted by Fratta at a diner on whether he could find a person to murder his wife. Fratta even asked a colleague to help murder his wife.[4]

In 1994, Fratta, then 37 years old, approached his gym friend, 38-year-old Joseph Andrew Prystash, who agreed to help him find a gunman to do the job. Prystash eventually recruited his 18-year-old neighbour Howard Paul Guidry to shoot Farah to death.[4]

Death of Farah and investigations

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On the night of November 9, 1994, at Atascocita, Texas, after having dinner with Fratta and their children, Farah remained at her house alone after Fratta brought the children out, the younger two to the church nursery and the oldest to a catechism class. Farah would leave the house for a haircut before she returned home again. At that point, Fratta was not in the house, as he was attending church.[4]

According to court and media sources, Farah was at her house's garage when she encountered Howard Guidry, who acted on the instructions of Fratta. Guidry wielded a gun and fired two shots, which all struck 33-year-old Farah Fratta on the head, killing her on the spot. Farah's neighbours, who lived across from street, reportedly witnessed Farah being shot by Guidry, whom they described to be an African-American man or likely a White man dressed in black; Guidry was indeed African-American. The neighbours witnessed Guidry rushing out of the car and entered the car, and fled the scene; the car was driven by Joseph Prystash as a get-away vehicle.[4]

After the murder of Farah, the police suspected Fratta was involved in the crime, but due to insufficient evidence, Fratta was not arrested and released after some questioning. Various individuals noticed that Fratta did not seem to have any sadness, outrage or concern in his demeanour in the face of his wife's death.[4][8] The parents of Farah offered a US$5,000 reward for clues to ensure the arrest of their daughter's killer(s).[9]

In the absence of Farah, the child custody rights trial proceeded with Fratta on one side and Farah's parents (Fratta's parents-in-law) Betty and Lex Baquer on the other. In December 1994, it was decided by the courts that Farah's parents should be granted the custodial rights to their grandchildren, and Fratta was granted supervised visitation rights for every Saturdays and daily 15-minute phone calls with his children. The Family Court Judge Robert Hinojosa reportedly reprimanded Fratta to be unfit as a parent due to his alleged involvement in the murder, which caused greater harm to his children than himself who possibly instigated the crime, and his conduct and judgement were "seriously impaired". Fratta was also fired from his job due to his alleged connection to the murder.[10][11]

Meanwhile, the case remained unsolved for months until March 1, 1995, when Guidry was arrested for an unrelated bank robbery case. When Guidry was arrested, the police discovered a .38 caliber Charter Arms revolver in his backpack. A few days later, Mary Gipp, Prystash's girlfriend, informed the police that Guidry was involved in Farah's murder. A detective retrieved the revolver found with Guidry and requested a registration check. Federal firearms records revealed that Fratta had purchased the revolver in 1982. Furthermore, Farah's father identified the revolver as the one Farah had entrusted to him for safekeeping in 1993 and that he had returned to Fratta in the summer of 1994. Lastly, a firearms examiner from the Houston Police Department testified that one of the bullet fragments found in Farah's garage had been fired from the revolver, and another fragment, though too damaged for a definite match, had likely come from a gun made by the same manufacturer.[4][12][13]

As a result of Guidry's arrest, Robert Fratta and Joseph Prystash were also arrested for plotting the murder of Farah Fratta. The subsequent confessions of Prystash and Guidry, as well as the testimony given by Prystash's girlfriend, further implicated Fratta as the mastermind of the homicide.[4]

Unrelated to the case, William Edward "Bill" Planter, a former policeman, was arrested for allegedly asking Farah's father to allow him to kill Fratta.[14] Planter, who faced a possible life sentence for the crime of attempting to instigate murder,[15] was found guilty and sentenced to 17 years in prison.[16] In February 2000, after his appeal, Planter was acquitted by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.[17] Later that same month, Planter was released from prison.[18][19]

Murder trials and sentencing

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Criminal charges

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After their arrests, between March and April 1995, all the three perpetrators – Joseph Prystash, Robert Fratta and Howard Guidry – were charged with capital murder, an offence that carries either life imprisonment or the death penalty under Texas state law. All three of them were put on trial in separate courts for their respective roles in the murder.[20][21]

Apart from the charge of soliciting capital murder, Fratta also faced contempt charges for failing to pay child support or maintain the health insurance of his three children throughout the three months after losing custody of the children. A judge later ordered Fratta to pay US$3,000 to his children or he would be sent to prison for non-compliance of the court order.[22][23] The charges of contempt were withdrawn after Fratta paid the amount to his children.[24]

Trial of Robert Fratta

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Robert Alan Fratta
Born(1957-02-22)February 22, 1957
New York, U.S.
DiedJanuary 10, 2023(2023-01-10) (aged 65)
Huntsville Unit, Texas, U.S.
Cause of deathExecution by lethal injection
MotiveTo gain custody of his children and avoid paying the child custody payments
Conviction(s)Capital murder
Criminal penaltyDeath
Details
VictimsFarah Fratta, 33
DateNovember 9, 1994
Location(s)Atascocita, Texas
Imprisoned atPolunsky Unit (death row)

Fratta was the first to stand trial on April 9, 1996. The prosecution adduced evidence to show that Fratta was responsible for soliciting the murder of his wife, based on the ballistics tests and statements given by the witnesses and Fratta's own accomplices. It was also revealed during the trial that as rewards for the contract killing of his wife, Fratta offered to pay Guidry US$1,000 and Prystash US$2,000 and a jeep.[25] Clinical psychologist Laurence Abrams, a prosecution medical expert, also testified that Fratta harboured both lack of appreciation of other people's feelings and regarded women as "little girls" who could easily be dominated by men.[26]

On April 18, 1996, a Harris County jury found Fratta guilty of the solicitation of Farah's murder,[27] and the trial progressed to its sentencing phase, where the jury could decide between death by lethal injection or a life sentence with the possibility of parole after minimally 40 years.[28] During the sentencing phase, Betty Baquer, the 59-year-old mother of Farah, was allowed to make a victim impact statement, and she labelled her former son-in-law as a "monster" for having caused her daughter's death and the case's aftereffects in their lives.[29]

On April 24, 1996, the jury unanimously meted out the death penalty for Fratta.[30][31] On May 3, 1996, Fratta was formally sentenced to death by visiting state District Judge Bob Burdette.[32]

Trial of Joseph Prystash

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Joseph Andrew Prystash
Born (1956-09-05) September 5, 1956 (age 68)
Mahoning County, Illinois, U.S.
MotiveTo receive rewards for plotting and carrying out the murder of Farah Fratta
Conviction(s)Capital murder
Criminal penaltyDeath
Details
VictimsFarah Fratta, 33
DateNovember 9, 1994
Location(s)Atascocita, Texas
Imprisoned atPolunsky Unit

Prystash, who originated from Illinois, became the second person to stand trial on July 1, 1996. Prystash's girlfriend testified against her boyfriend during the trial proceedings, in which the prosecution intended to pursue the death penalty for Prystash.[33][34]

On July 8, 1996, Prystash was convicted of capital murder, after the jury took 17 minutes to deliberate and reach their verdict.[35] On July 11, 1996, the jury sentenced Prystash to death, with the judge set to impose it on a later date.[36]

On August 2, 1996, Prystash was sentenced to death during an official court hearing, making him the second person to face the death sentence for the killing of Farah.[37]

Trial of Howard Guidry

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Howard Paul Guidry
Born (1976-04-15) April 15, 1976 (age 48)
Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, U.S.
MotiveTo receive rewards for plotting and carrying out the murder of Farah Fratta
Conviction(s)Capital murder
Criminal penaltyDeath
Details
VictimsFarah Fratta, 33
DateNovember 9, 1994
Location(s)Atascocita, Texas
Imprisoned atPolunsky Unit

On March 20, 1997, Howard Guidry, a native of Vermilion Parish, Louisiana, was the third and final accused to stand trial.[38]

The jury similarly convicted Guidry of capital murder after a week-long trial. The prosecution argued that Guidry deserved to be subjected to capital punishment due to the heinous nature of the murder and Guidry's history of violence, while the defence sought a life sentence by pointing that spending at least 40 years under a life term before eligibility for parole was also a crushing punishment for Guidry and it could ensure that he lived out the rest of his life behind bars. On March 27, 1997, the jury likewise recommended the death penalty for Guidry, after they initially deadlocked on the sentence during their two days of deliberation on sentence.[39]

On April 16, 1997, Guidry was officially sentenced to death by a trial court. Guidry's sentence marked the third death sentence issued in the case of Farah's contract killing.[40]

Post-trial developments (1998–2000)

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Fratta's appeal to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals was dismissed on February 18, 1999.[41] His other appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court was dismissed on March 21, 2000.[42]

In November 1998, Guidry and five other death row prisoners attempted to escape from prison, but the attempt failed.[43] In February 2000, Guidry and another death row prisoner, Ponchai Wilkerson, held a female correctional officer hostage to protest against the poor living conditions for death row inmates. The hostage situation was resolved peacefully through negotiations between the inmates and anti-death penalty activists (who were invited to the prison by the prison staff) 13 hours later.[44][45]

On December 16, 1999, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals dismissed Guidry's appeal.[46] On October 3, 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected Guidry's appeal.[47]

Re-trials of Guidry and Fratta

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Guidry's 2007 re-trial

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On January 14, 2005, Howard Guidry was granted a re-trial, after a federal court found that the prosecution misused the hearsay evidence and there was mishandling of the evidence and trial proceedings.[48]

On February 19, 2007, Guidry stood trial a second time for the murder of Farah Fratta.[49] The original witnesses, including Joseph Prystash's girlfriend Mary Gipp and Farah's father, returned to court to testify in the re-trial, in which the prosecution continued to seek a conviction for Guidry for having acted on Robert Fratta's orders to kill Farah.[50][51][52]

On February 23, 2007, Guidry was re-convicted of the original charge of capital murder.[53]

On March 1, 2007, the jury sentenced Guidry to the death penalty a second time, therefore sending Guidry back to death row for murdering Farah.[54][55]

Fratta's 2009 re-trial

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On October 1, 2007, Robert Fratta successfully appealed for a new trial, after U.S. District Judge Melinda Harmon of a federal district court found that the prosecution's case against Fratta heavily relied on the confessions of both Prystash and Guidry, and there were questionable circumstances behind the trial procedure and conduct of the prosecution and police investigators. As such, Harmon directed the case to be remanded for a re-trial. The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals also upheld the ruling of Harmon to grant Fratta a re-trial on July 22, 2008.[56][4]

On May 5, 2009, Fratta stood trial before another jury, with District Judge Belinda Hill presiding over the hearing.[57] The original trial witnesses, including Prystash's then girlfriend Mary Gipp, returned to court to testify on behalf of the prosecution and defence. Fratta's children, all of whom had changed their surnames to Baquer (the surname of their grandparents), also testified against him.[58][59] The re-trial was done without the confessions of both Guidry and Prystash, since the courts barred the prosecution from using it as evidence against Fratta.[60]

On May 14, 2009, the jury returned with their verdict, once again finding Fratta guilty of solicitation of capital murder.[61] The sentencing trial was scheduled to begin on May 25, 2009.[62]

On May 29, 2009, Fratta was re-sentenced to death by the jury. The defence earlier urged the jury to settle on a life sentence on behalf of Fratta's model behaviour throughout his incarceration for the past 15 years, while the prosecution continued to seek the death penalty for Fratta due to the aggravating circumstances of Farah Fratta's death.[63][64]

Post-2009 appeal process

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At the end of the re-trials of both Howard Guidry and Robert Fratta, the two men continued to appeal against their convictions and sentences. Similarly, Joseph Prystash, the only offender of this case who did not receive a re-trial, also went on to appeal to the higher courts.

On April 26, 2017, Prystash's appeal was rejected by the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals.[65][66]

On January 8, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected Prystash's final appeal. Another condemned inmate, Christopher Young, also lost his final appeal to the Supreme Court on that same day.[67]

On May 1, 2018, Fratta's federal appeal was dismissed by the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals.[68][69]

On January 8, 2019, Fratta's final appeal was dismissed by the U.S. Supreme Court.[70]

On June 23, 2021, the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals turned down Guidry's appeal.[71]

Execution of Robert Fratta

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In July 2022, an execution order was underway to facilitate the execution of Robert Fratta.[72]

On October 12, 2022, a Texas judge signed the death warrant of Robert Fratta, whose death sentence was scheduled to be carried out on January 10, 2023.[73]

In a final bid to escape the death penalty, Fratta and two other condemmed inmates scheduled for execution – Wesley Ruiz and John Balentine – filed a lawsuit, claiming that the prison officials were planning to use expired drugs to conduct lethal injection executions of the trio. The trio argued that the use of expired drugs for their upcoming executions amounted to a cruel and unusual punishment, which was in violation of their constitutional rights and several state laws.[74] The lawsuit, however, was rejected by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.[75] Sometime after the rejection of the lawsuit, Ruiz and Balentine were separately executed as scheduled on February 1 and February 8, 2023, respectively.[76][77]

A final appeal was lodged to the U.S. Supreme Court. Fratta's attorneys presented their case to the U.S. Supreme Court, claiming that the trial prosecutors had concealed evidence indicating that a witness had been hypnotized by investigators. This hypnosis caused her to alter her original statement, in which she had reported seeing two men at the murder scene along with a getaway driver. The U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ruled against the defence and dismissed Fratta's appeal, and ordered the execution to move forward. The Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles also rejected Fratta's clemency petition a week before his execution, declining to commute Fratta's death sentence to life imprisonment or grant him a 60-day temporary reprieve.[78]

On January 10, 2023, 28 years and two months after the murder of his wife, 65-year-old Robert Alan Fratta was put to death by lethal injection at the Huntsville Unit.[79][80] Right before the execution could proceed, a last-minute stay of execution was issued after the District Judge Catherine Mauzy ruled that the state should not use the expired drugs to conduct Fratta's execution and those of the other plaintiffs of the prior lawsuit.[81] This ruling was overturned by the higher courts, allowing Fratta to be executed as scheduled; Fratta was pronounced dead at 7:49pm, 24 minutes after he was administered with a single dose of pentobarbital. Fratta did not make a final statement before his execution,[82] which marked the first execution carried out in Texas in 2023.[83]

Andy Kahan, the director of victim services and advocacy for Crime Stoppers of Houston, as well as Fratta's eldest son Bradley Baquer and Farah's brother Zain Baquer, attended the execution as witnesses. Kahan told the Associated Press that Farah's father died in 2018, and described Fratta as a coward for soliciting his wife's murder and not acknowledging the presence of his son or former brother-in-law, as well as not offering an apology for his actions.[84]

Current status of the hired hitmen

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As of 2024, both Howard Guidry and Joseph Prystash remains on death row for murdering Farah Fratta.[85]

Aftermath

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In 2010, the case of Farah Fratta's murder was covered by 48 Hours Mystery, a true crime series ran by CBS News.[86]

The case of Robert Fratta was one of the few death row cases to be featured on the second season of American true crime series On Death Row in 2013.[87]

In March 2023, two months after the execution of Robert Fratta, The Lesson Is Murder, an ABC News Studios Hulu series, re-enacted the case of Farah's murder and included the criminal profiler Bryanna Fox's analysis of the case. Interviews of Fratta before his execution were also featured, in which Fratta proclaimed he was innocent of the crime.[88]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Texas executes Robert Fratta after high courts reject challenges to expired lethal injection drugs". The Texas Tribune. January 10, 2023.
  2. ^ "Gun discovery tied to victim's husband". Houston Chronicle. March 15, 1995.
  3. ^ "Texas Executes Ex-Police Officer Who Hired 2 Men To Kill His Wife". Huffpost. January 10, 2023.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k FRATTA v. QUARTERMAN [2008], 5th Circuit Court of Appeals (United States).
  5. ^ "Fratta trial turns lurid on first day. Deviant sexual acts reportedly sought". Houston Chronicle. April 10, 1996.
  6. ^ "Witnesses say husband asked them to kill wife". Houston Chronicle. December 15, 1994.
  7. ^ "Fratta planned to shoot wife himself, witness says sought". Houston Chronicle. April 13, 1996.
  8. ^ "Man quizzed in estranged wife's death. Woman is slain in Atascocita". Houston Chronicle. November 11, 1994.
  9. ^ "Parents of slain woman offer reward for leads on her killer". Houston Chronicle. November 23, 1994.
  10. ^ "Judge rules Fratta not fit to keep children. Conduct, judgment called "impaired'". Houston Chronicle. December 16, 1994.
  11. ^ "Firing in Missouri City". Houston Chronicle. December 21, 1994.
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  14. ^ "Fratta was hit target, police say/Man is charged in planning death". Houston Chronicle. December 24, 1994.
  15. ^ "Man faces life term in solicitation". Houston Chronicle. May 9, 1996.
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  17. ^ "Court orders acquittal for ex-law officer. Convicted in '96, man was accused of offering to set up death-for-hire". Houston Chronicle. February 10, 2000.
  18. ^ "Former lawman freed after winning acquittal". Houston Chronicle. February 25, 2000.
  19. ^ "Ex-officer out of prison, telling Texas goodbye". Houston Chronicle. February 26, 2000.
  20. ^ "2 charged in murder-for-hire scheme". Houston Chronicle. March 14, 1995.
  21. ^ "Fratta charged with arranging wife's death". Houston Chronicle. April 22, 1995.
  22. ^ "Fratta set to face contempt charges". Houston Chronicle. March 16, 1995.
  23. ^ "Fratta ordered to pay $3,000 in child support". Houston Chronicle. March 17, 1995.
  24. ^ "Contempt charges lifted". Houston Chronicle. March 18, 1995.
  25. ^ "Testimony to begin in capital murder trial. Fratta allegedly arranged wife's slaying". Houston Chronicle. April 9, 1996.
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  28. ^ "Deliberations to resume in Fratta sentencing". Houston Chronicle. April 23, 1996.
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  34. ^ "Murder plans known, witness says. Woman testifies in Fratta slaying". Houston Chronicle. July 2, 1996.
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  36. ^ "Murder middleman gets death sentence/Prystash set up slaying of Fratta's wife". Houston Chronicle. July 11, 1996.
  37. ^ "Joseph Andrew Prystash". Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  38. ^ "Trial begins for third defendant in Fratta murder-for-hire case". Houston Chronicle. March 20, 1997.
  39. ^ "Third death sentence given in Fratta case". Houston Chronicle. March 27, 1997.
  40. ^ "Howard Paul Guidry". Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  41. ^ "Appeals court denies 4 death row claims". Houston Chronicle. February 18, 1999.
  42. ^ "Supreme Court rejects appeals by ex-officer". Houston Chronicle. March 21, 2000.
  43. ^ "Six death row inmates surrender after escape attempt". Houston Chronicle. November 28, 1998.
  44. ^ "Hostage seized on death row. Two convicted killers hold guard as captive". Houston Chronicle. February 22, 2000.
  45. ^ "Finding a link with two killers. Guard's ordeal lasts 13 hours". Houston Chronicle. February 23, 2000.
  46. ^ "6 appeals rejected / Death chamber draws near for killers". Houston Chronicle. December 16, 1999.
  47. ^ "Jurists reject appeals". Houston Chronicle. October 3, 2000.
  48. ^ GUIDRY v. DRETKE [2005], United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (United States).
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  50. ^ "Victim's children witness retrial of slaying suspect". Chron. February 20, 2007.
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  52. ^ "Ex-neighbor testifies in Guidry retrial". Chron. February 21, 2007.
  53. ^ "Man convicted for the second time in murder-for-hire". Chron. February 23, 2007.
  54. ^ "Convicted hired killer Guidry gets death sentence". Chron. March 1, 2007.
  55. ^ "Triggerman in Fratta murder again sentenced to death row". Chron. March 7, 2007.
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  57. ^ "Prosecutor: Jeep was payment for Missouri City killing". Chron. May 5, 2009.
  58. ^ "Robert Fratta's kids testify against him". ABC 7. May 27, 2009.
  59. ^ "Key witness delivers tearful testimony in Fratta case". Chron. May 11, 2009.
  60. ^ "Confessions not allowed at man's retrial in wife's death". Chron. March 28, 2009.
  61. ^ "Fratta convicted of capital murder, again". Chron. May 14, 2009.
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  63. ^ "Fratta returns to death row". Chron. May 29, 2009.
  64. ^ "Fratta's death sentence pleases victim's family". Chron. May 30, 2009.
  65. ^ "The Latest: Texas inmate in murder plot loses appeal". Associated Press. April 26, 2017.
  66. ^ "Planner in murder-for-hire case loses federal appeal". Chron. April 26, 2017.
  67. ^ "Death row inmates from San Antonio, Houston, lose appeals". Associated Press. January 8, 2018.
  68. ^ "Ex-police officer on Texas death row loses federal appeal". Associated Press. May 2, 2018.
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  71. ^ GUIDRY v. LUMPKIN [2021], United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit (United States).
  72. ^ "Execution date nears for ex-Missouri City cop convicted in wife's murder-for-hire killing". Houston Chronicles. July 14, 2022.
  73. ^ "Execution date set for former Missouri City officer convicted of plotting wife's murder in 1994". ABC 13. October 12, 2022.
  74. ^ "Inmates allege Texas plans to use unsafe execution drugs". Associated Press. January 3, 2023.
  75. ^ "Court goes against Texas inmates questioning execution drugs". Associated Press. January 5, 2023.
  76. ^ "Texas executes inmate for 2007 fatal shooting of Dallas cop". Associated Press. February 1, 2023.
  77. ^ "Texas executes John Balentine, sixth inmate to be put to death in US this year". The Guardian. February 8, 2023.
  78. ^ "Texas executes former officer who hired hitmen to kill his wife". NBC News. January 10, 2023.
  79. ^ "Texas executes man with expired drugs, despite court ruling it amounts to "torture"". The Independent. January 11, 2023.
  80. ^ "Texas executes Robert Fratta for 1994 murder". UPI. January 11, 2023.
  81. ^ "Last-minute limbo in execution of US cop who hired hitman to kill his wife". TODAY. January 11, 2023.
  82. ^ "Texas executes former cop for hiring 2 people to kill his wife during custody battle nearly 30 years ago". CBS News. January 10, 2023.
  83. ^ "Ex Missouri City officer who plotted wife's murder in 1994 marks Texas' 1st execution in 2023". ABC 13. January 10, 2023.
  84. ^ "Texas executes ex-officer who hired 2 people to kill wife". Associated Press. January 11, 2023.
  85. ^ "Robert Fratta's accomplices remain on death row after his execution". KHOU. January 11, 2023.
  86. ^ "48 Hours Mystery: Thou Shalt Not Kill". CBS News. February 6, 2010.
  87. ^ "On Death Row". Amazon Prime Video. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  88. ^ "Longtime criminal profiler brings convicted killers' stories to the classroom". ABC News. March 23, 2023.
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