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Moroccan's hip-hop and urban culture history dates back to the mid-1990s, when, after hip-hop's emergence in Western culture, Moroccan immigrant youth in Europe transferred the new musical style back to Morocco upon their returns home.
Rap and urban music have since gained a following in major urban centers in Morocco. Moroccan rap, a favorite genre for many Moroccans, especially Moroccan youth, speaks out and protests on social and political issues.[2][3]
It took Moroccan rappers several years to transform Western rap into Moroccan rap (a fusion of traditional Moroccan music and Western rap) and to find the right phrasing. The country's democratic opening, which began in the late 1990s, played a crucial role in the blossoming and expansion of all the new musical genres of the new Moroccan scene[4]. The first Moroccan rapper to sing and record rap songs in Moroccan Arabic was Shams Ddine in 1986,[5] other poineers are Al Kayssar, Double A, Thug Gang, Zanka Flow and others. The first official Moroccan rap album was that of the group Double A (Aminoffice and Ahmad; originally from Salé), released in 1996 on the Adoua' Al-Madina label.
The legendary group from Meknes, founded in 1996, H-Kayne (literally "what's up?") is the group to know when discussing rap in theKingdom. Their second album, HK-1426, was the first Moroccan rap album to be sold outside the country. The group then toured throughout Europe and remains the only Moroccan rap group to have performed at the Bataclan.
Abu Ghanim, K., 2009, Les changements de la nouvelle musique jeune au Maroc (in Arabic), Université Mohamed V, Agdal, Rabat.
Guerrero Parado, J. (2012). Zanka Flow: Rap en árabe marroquí. In Romano-Arabica 12, pp. 125–157
Gintsburg, Sarali (2013). I'll spit my rap for y'all... in darija: Local and global in Moroccan hip hop culture. In Evolution des pratiques et représentations langagières dans le Maroc du 21e siècle (Vol 2), Benítez-Fernández, M., Miller, C. de Ruiter, J and Tamer, Y. (Eds), 186–207. Paris, L’Harmattan.
^Gintsburg, Sarali (2013). I'll spit my rap for y'all... in darija: Local and global in Moroccan hip hop culture. In Evolution des pratiques et représentations langagières dans le Maroc du 21e siècle (Vol 2), Benítez-Fernández, M., Miller, C. de Ruiter, J and Tamer, Y. (Eds), 186-207. Paris, L’Harmattan.
