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Microsoft Translator

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Microsoft Translator
Logo and favicon of Microsoft Translator, which appears along the title in the web browser
Type of site
Machine translation
Available insee below
OwnerMicrosoft
URLmicrosoft.com/translator
www.bing.com/translator
IPv6 supportYes
RegistrationOptional
Current statusActive

Microsoft Translator or Bing Translator is a multilingual machine translation cloud service provided by Microsoft. Microsoft Translator is a part of Microsoft Cognitive Services[1] and integrated across multiple consumer, developer, and enterprise products, including Bing, Microsoft Office, SharePoint, Microsoft Edge, Microsoft Lync, Yammer, Skype Translator, Visual Studio, and Microsoft Translator apps for Windows, Windows Phone, iPhone and Apple Watch, and Android phone and Android Wear.

Microsoft Translator also offers text and speech translation through cloud services for businesses. Service for text translation via the Translator Text API ranges from a free tier supporting two million characters per month to paid tiers supporting billions of characters per month.[2] Speech translation via Microsoft Speech services is offered based on the time of the audio stream.

The service supports text translation between many languages and language varieties. It also supports several speech translation systems that currently power the Microsoft Translator live conversation feature, Skype Translator, and Skype for Windows Desktop, and the Microsoft Translator Apps for iOS and Android.[3]

Development

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History

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The first version of Microsoft's machine translation system was developed between 1999 and 2000 within Microsoft Research. This system was based on semantic predicate-argument structures known as logical forms (LF) and was spun from the grammar correction feature developed for Microsoft Word. This system was eventually used to translate the entire Microsoft Knowledge Base into Spanish, French, German, and Japanese.[4]

Microsoft's approach to machine translation, like most modern machine translation systems, is "data driven":[5] rather than relying on writing explicit rules to translate natural language, algorithms are trained to understand and interpret translated parallel texts, allowing them to automatically learn how to translate new natural language text. Microsoft's experience with the LF system led directly to a treelet translation system that simplified the LF to dependency trees and eventually to an order template model, significantly improving in speed and enabling the incorporation of new target languages. [citation needed]

The consumer-facing translation site known as Bing Translator (previously known as Windows Live translator) was launched in 2007 and provides free text and website translations on the web. Text is translated directly within the Bing Translator webpage while websites are translated through the Bilingual Viewer tools.[citation needed]

In 2011, the service was extended to include numerous Microsoft Translator products through a cloud-based application programming interface, which supports products available to both consumer and enterprise users. An additional speech translation capability was introduced in March 2016.[6]

In May 2018, an update to the API was introduced. This new version offered neural machine translation as the default method of translating. In addition to translation, the new version features transliteration and a bilingual dictionary to look up words to find alternative translations and view examples in sentences.[7]

Speech translation was integrated into Microsoft Speech services in September 2018, providing end-to-end speech, speech-to-text, and text-to-speech translation.[citation needed]

Translation methodology and research

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Microsoft Translator uses machine translation to create instantaneous translations from one natural language to another. This system is based on four distinct areas of computer learning research seen below.[5]

Type of learning Impact on translation
Neural networks
Neural machine translation		 Neural networks try to mimic how the brain works to translate between languages. At a high level, neural network translation works in two stages. First, a first stage models the word that needs to be translated based on the context of this word (and its possible translations) within the full sentence. Second, the neural network translates this word model (not the word itself but the model the neural networks built of it), within the context of the sentence, into the other language.[8] Neural machine translation is the default translation method for the Microsoft Translator API.
Syntax-based SMT
Main article: Statistical machine translation
 Syntax-based translation is based on the idea of translating syntactic units, rather than a word or string of words. Microsoft has used syntax-based SMT to translate much of its computer-related texts from English into multiple target languages. Ongoing research in this area has produced improvements in word inflections and word ordering.
Phrase-based SMT In phrase-based SMT, the machine learns correspondence between languages from parallel text without the aid of linguist knowledge. This produces better translations in less time than other systems.
Bitext word alignment SMT systems rely on existing translated data to learn how to automatically translate from one language to another. To train the systems, identifying word correspondences (or word alignments) is crucial. Microsoft has developed work in both discriminative[9] and generative[10] approaches to word alignment, resulting in faster algorithms and higher quality and translations.
Language modeling Language modeling uses n-gram models to construct comprehensible translations in the target language. This ensures that the output translation is fluent and readable.

Accuracy

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The quality of Microsoft Translator's machine translation outputs are evaluated using a method called the BLEU score.[11]

BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) is an algorithm for evaluating the quality of text which has been machine-translated from one natural language to another. Quality is considered to be the correspondence between a machine's output and that of a human. BLEU was one of the first metrics to achieve a high correlation with human judgments of quality, and remains one of the most popular automated and inexpensive metrics.

Because machine translation is based on statistical algorithms rather than human translators, the automatic translations it produces are not always entirely accurate. Microsoft Translator has introduced various feedback features, such as the Collaborative Translation Framework, into its products to allow users to suggest alternative translations. These alternative translations are then integrated into the Microsoft Translator algorithms to improve future translations.

In November 2016, Microsoft Translator introduced translation using deep neural networks in nine of its highest-traffic languages, including all of its speech languages and Japanese. Neural networks provide better translation than industry standard statistical machine learning.[12]

Core products

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Microsoft Translator is a cloud-based API that is integrated into numerous Microsoft products and services.[13] The Translator API can be used on its own and can be customized for use in a pre-publishing or post-publishing environment. The API, which is available through subscription, is free for lower translation volumes, and is charged according to a tiered payment system for volumes exceeding two million characters per month.[2] The remaining core products are available for free.

Microsoft Translator cloud translation

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The Microsoft Translator is a cloud-based automatic translation service that can be used to build applications, websites, and tools requiring multi-language support.

  • Text translation: The Microsoft Translator Text API can be used to translate text into any of the languages supported by the service.
  • Speech translation: Microsoft Translator is integrated into Microsoft Speech services which is an end-to-end REST based API that can be used to build applications, tools, or any solution requiring multi-languages speech translation. Speech to speech translation is available to or from any of the conversation languages, and speech to text translation is available from the conversation languages into any of the Microsoft Translator-supported language systems.

Custom Translator

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Custom Translator is a feature of the Microsoft Translator services that allows enterprises, app developers, and language service providers to build neural translation systems that understand the terminology used in their own business and industry. The customized translations can then be delivered into existing applications, workflows and websites using a normal call to the Microsoft Translator API. Custom Translator can be used when translating text with the Microsoft Translator Text API and when translating speech with Microsoft Speech services.[14]

Live feature

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A personal universal translator that enables up to 500 people to have live, multi-device, multi-language, in-person translated conversations.[15] This feature is currently free and available in the Microsoft Translator apps (Android, iOS or Windows) and from the Microsoft Translator website.

Microsoft Translator Hub

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The Microsoft Translator Hub allows enterprises and language service providers to build their own translation systems that understand business- and industry-specific terminology.[16] The Hub can also be used in conjunction with the CTF, allowing administrators to approve CTF results and add them directly to the Hub. The Microsoft Translator Hub is only available for statistical machine translation and cannot be used with the newest version of the Microsoft Translator API.

The Hub has also been used for language preservation, allowing communities to create their own language translation systems for language and cultural preservation.[17] The Hub has been used to create translation systems for languages such as Hmong, Mayan, Nepali, and Welsh.

Multilingual App Toolkit (MAT)

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The Multilingual App Toolkit (MAT) is an integrated Visual Studio tool, which allows developers to streamline localization workflows of their Windows, Windows Phone and desktop apps.[18] MAT improves localization of file management, translation support, and editing tools.

Bing Microsoft Translator web app

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Main article: Bing (search engine) § Translator
Microsoft Translator
Type of site
Neural machine translation
Available inSee below
OwnerMicrosoft
URLwww.bing.com/translator/
IPv6 supportYes
RegistrationOptional
LaunchedJune 3, 2009; 15 years ago (2009-06-03) (as Live Search Translator)
Current statusActive

Bing Microsoft Translator (previously Live Search Translator, Windows Live Translator, and Bing Translator)[19] is a user-facing translation portal provided by Microsoft as part of its Bing services to translate texts or entire web pages into different languages. All translation pairs are powered by the Microsoft Translator, a neural machine translation platform and web service, developed by Microsoft Research, as its backend translation software. Two transliteration pairs (between simplified Chinese and traditional Chinese) are provided by Microsoft's Windows International team.[20]

The Bilingual Viewer showing the English translation of the French Wikipedia's main page

Bing Translator can translate phrases entered by the user or acquire a link to a web page and translate it entirely. When translating an entire web page, or when the user selects "Translate this page" in Bing search results, the Bilingual Viewer is shown, which allows users to browse the original web page text and translation in parallel, supported by synchronized highlights, scrolling, and navigation.[21] Four Bilingual Viewer layouts are available:[21]

  • Side by side
  • Top and bottom
  • Original with hover translation
  • Translation with hover original

Bing Translator integrates with several other Microsoft products. The following is a table of products into which Bing Translator could be integrated:

Integrates into Means of integration
Bing Instant Answers Already integrated
Internet Explorer An Accelerator for Internet Explorer 8 or higher

Supported products

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Through its core product offerings, Microsoft Translator supports the translation features of many Microsoft products at the consumer and enterprise levels. These products fall broadly into three categories[22]—communication products, Microsoft Office, and apps.

Deprecated products

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Collaborative Translation Framework (CTF)

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The Collaborative Translation Framework (CTF) is an extension of the Microsoft Translator API that allows post-publishing improvement of translated text.[23] By using the CTF, readers have the ability to suggest alternative translations to those provided by the API, or vote on previously offered alternatives. This information is then delivered to the API to improve future translations.

Translator Web Widget

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The Translator Web Widget is a translation tool that can be added to web pages by pasting a predefined snippet of JavaScript code into the page.[24] The web widget is offered for free by Microsoft, and supports both pre-publishing customized translations using the Translator Hub, and post-publishing improvements using the Collaborative Translation Framework.

Supported languages

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As of December 2024, Microsoft Translator supports 179 languages and language varieties.[3][25] The list of supported languages is available at the Microsoft Translator website and can also be retrieved programmatically through the cloud services.[26]

  1. Acehnese (Latin)
  2. Afrikaans
  3. Albanian
  4. Amharic
  5. Arabic
  6. Arabic (Egyptian)
  7. Arabic (Moroccan)
  8. Arabic (Romanized)
  9. Armenian
  10. Assamese
  11. Asturian
  12. Azerbaijani
  13. Balinese
  14. Bangla
  15. Bashkir
  16. Basque
  17. Batak Toba
  18. Belarusian
  19. Bhojpuri
  20. Bikol
  21. Bodo
  22. Bosnian
  23. Bulgarian
  24. Cantonese (Traditional)
  25. Catalan
  26. Cebuano
  27. Chhattisgarhi
  28. Chinese (Literary)
  29. Chinese Simplified
  30. Chinese Traditional
  31. Corsican
  32. Croatian
  33. Czech
  34. Danish
  35. Dari
  36. Divehi
  37. Dogri
  38. Dutch
  39. English
  40. English (United Kingdom)
  41. Esperanto
  42. Estonian
  43. Faroese
  44. Fijian
  45. Filipino
  46. Finnish
  47. French
  48. French (Canada)
  49. Frisian
  50. Friulian
  51. Galician
  52. Ganda
  53. Georgian
  54. German
  55. Greek
  56. Gujarati
  57. Haitian Creole
  58. Hausa
  59. Hebrew
  60. Hiligaynon
  61. Hindi
  62. Hmong Daw
  63. Hungarian
  64. Iban
  65. Icelandic
  66. Igbo
  67. Ilocano
  68. Indonesian
  69. Inuinnaqtun
  70. Inuktitut
  71. Inuktitut (Latin)
  72. Irish
  73. Italian
  74. Jamaican Patois
  75. Japanese
  76. Javanese
  77. Kabuverdianu
  78. Kannada
  79. Kapampangan
  80. Kashmiri
  81. Kazakh
  82. Khmer
  83. Kinyarwanda
  84. Klingon (Latin)
  85. Konkani
  86. Korean
  87. Krio
  88. Kurdish (Central)
  89. Kurdish (Northern)
  90. Kyrgyz
  91. Lao
  92. Latin
  93. Latvian
  94. Ligurian (Genoese)
  95. Limburgish
  96. Lingala
  97. Lithuanian
  98. Lombard
  99. Lower Sorbian
  100. Luxembourgish
  101. Macedonian
  102. Maithili
  103. Malagasy
  104. Malay
  105. Malayalam
  106. Maltese
  107. Marathi
  108. Marwari
  109. Mauritian Creole
  110. Minangkabau (Latin)
  111. Mongolian (Cyrillic)
  112. Mongolian (Traditional)
  113. Myanmar (Burmese)
  114. Māori
  115. Navajo
  116. Nepali
  117. Norwegian
  118. Norwegian Nynorsk
  119. Nyanja
  120. Occitan
  121. Odia
  122. Papiamento
  123. Pashto
  124. Persian
  125. Polish
  126. Portuguese (Brazil)
  127. Portuguese (Portugal)
  128. Punjabi (Gurmukhi)
  129. Punjabi (Shahmukhi)
  130. Querétaro Otomi
  131. Romanian
  132. Rundi
  133. Russian
  134. Samoan
  135. Sanskrit
  136. Sardinian
  137. Serbian (Cyrillic)
  138. Serbian (Latin)
  139. Sesotho
  140. Sesotho sa Leboa
  141. Setswana
  142. Seychelles French Creole
  143. Shona
  144. Sicilian
  145. Sindhi
  146. Sinhala
  147. Slovak
  148. Slovenian
  149. Somali
  150. Spanish
  151. Sundanese
  152. Swahili
  153. Swedish
  154. Tahitian
  155. Tajik
  156. Tamil
  157. Tatar
  158. Telugu
  159. Tetum
  160. Thai
  161. Tibetan
  162. Tigrinya
  163. Tok Pisin
  164. Tongan
  165. Turkish
  166. Turkmen
  167. Ukrainian
  168. Upper Sorbian
  169. Urdu
  170. Uyghur
  171. Uzbek (Latin)
  172. Venetian
  173. Vietnamese
  174. Waray
  175. Welsh
  176. Xhosa
  177. Yiddish (Eastern)
  178. Yoruba
  179. Yucatec Maya
  180. Zulu

Supported languages by text-to-speech

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As of December 2024, Microsoft Translate supports 76 languages for the text-to-speech tool.

  1. Afrikaans
  2. Amharic
  3. Arabic
  4. Arabic (Egyptian)
  5. Arabic (Moroccan)
  6. Assamese
  7. Asturian
  8. Bangla
  9. Belarusian
  10. Bulgarian
  11. Cantonese (Traditional)
  12. Catalan
  13. Chinese Simplified
  14. Chinese Traditional
  15. Croatian
  16. Czech
  17. Danish
  18. Dutch
  19. English
  20. English (United Kingdom)
  21. Estonian
  22. Finnish
  23. French
  24. French (Canada)
  25. German
  26. Greek
  27. Gujarati
  28. Hebrew
  29. Hindi
  30. Hungarian
  31. Icelandic
  32. Indonesian
  33. Inuktitut
  34. Inuktitut (Latin)
  35. Irish
  36. Italian
  37. Japanese
  38. Javanese
  39. Kannada
  40. Kazakh
  41. Khmer
  42. Korean
  43. Lao
  44. Latvian
  45. Lithuanian
  46. Macedonian
  47. Malay
  48. Malayalam
  49. Maltese
  50. Marathi
  51. Myanmar (Burmese)
  52. Norwegian
  53. Pashto
  54. Persian
  55. Polish
  56. Portuguese (Brazil)
  57. Portuguese (Portugal)
  58. Romanian
  59. Russian
  60. Serbian (Cyrillic)
  61. Sesotho
  62. Setswana
  63. Slovak
  64. Slovenian
  65. Spanish
  66. Sundanese
  67. Swedish
  68. Tamil
  69. Telugu
  70. Thai
  71. Turkish
  72. Ukrainian
  73. Urdu
  74. Uzbek (Latin)
  75. Vietnamese
  76. Welsh

Languages formerly in development and beta version

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As of December 2024, Microsoft Translator has a beta version only time of depends in the 200+ languages there are available in Microsoft.

  • * indicates that the language is now available on Microsoft Translator.
  1. Abinomn
  2. Abishi
  3. Abkhaz BETA
  4. Abu
  5. Achagua
  6. Acholi BETA
  7. Achuar-Shiwiar
  8. Adang
  9. Adyghe BETA
  10. Afar BETA
  11. Ahirani
  12. Ainu
  13. Alyawarre
  14. Aralle-Tabulahan
  15. Avar
  16. Aymara BETA
  17. Ayere
  18. Bambara BETA
  19. Baoulé
  20. Batak Karo
  21. Batak Simalungun
  22. Bemba
  23. Betawi
  24. Bhateali
  25. Bislama
  26. Blackfoot
  27. Bolinao
  28. Bon Gula
  29. Buginese
  30. Buryat
  31. Butuanon
  32. Carolina Algonquian
  33. Carolinian
  34. Chamorro
  35. Cocama
  36. Crimean Tatar (Cyrillic)
  37. Crimean Tatar (Latin)
  38. Cruzeño
  39. Cuitlatec
  40. Cuyonon
  41. Cypriot Arabic
  42. Daakaka
  43. Dakota
  44. Dambi
  45. Davaoeño
  46. Dayi
  47. Deccani
  48. Delaware
  49. Dengese
  50. Denya
  51. Deori
  52. Dharumbal
  53. Dimasa
  54. Dinka
  55. Dombe
  56. Dzongkha
  57. East Franconian German
  58. Efai
  59. Eibela
  60. Eitiep
  61. Eki
  62. Embera Baudo
  63. Emerillon
  64. Enu language
  65. Equatorial Guinean Pidgin
  66. Erzya
  67. Esan BETA
  68. Eton
  69. Ewe
  70. Extremaduran
  71. Fang
  72. Fagauvea
  73. Fataleka
  74. Fataluku
  75. Fembe
  76. Fiji Hindi
  77. Finongan
  78. Foau
  79. Fungwa
  80. Futuna-Aniwa
  81. Fon
  82. Fulani
  83. Ga
  84. Gaddang
  85. Gadjerawang
  86. Gafat
  87. Gagauz BETA
  88. Gail
  89. Gala
  90. Galambi
  91. Gamkonora
  92. Ganglau
  93. Gangte
  94. Gangulu
  95. Garifuna
  96. Garrwa
  97. Gbeya-Bossangoa
  98. Geruma
  99. Ghomala'
  100. Gokana
  101. Guadeloupean Creole
  102. Guinea-Bissau Creole
  103. Guiqiong
  104. Gyong
  105. Haryanvi
  106. Herero
  107. Hunsrik
  108. I'saka
  109. Ibanag
  110. Ibatan
  111. Ingush BETA
  112. Isoko
  113. Iwaidja
  114. Ixcatec
  115. Jadgali
  116. Jakalteko
  117. Japreria
  118. Jaunsari
  119. Jebero
  120. Jiamao
  121. Jingpo
  122. Judeo-Arabic
  123. Judaeo-Georgian
  124. Judeo-Tat
  125. K'iche'
  126. Kabalai
  127. Kachama-Ganjule
  128. Kadazandusun
  129. Kagayanen
  130. Kalaallisut
  131. Kikongo
  132. Kituba
  133. Koryak
  134. Kumyk
  135. Laalaa
  136. Ladino
  137. Lakota
  138. Lamaholot
  139. Laragiya
  140. Lenkau
  141. Letemboi
  142. Libinza
  143. Lomwe
  144. Lopa
  145. Luo
  146. Lydian
  147. Madurese
  148. Makassar
  149. Mam
  150. Manx
  151. Mapuche
  152. Maranao
  153. Marshallese
  154. Meadow Mari BETA
  155. Mi'kmaq
  156. Mòcheno
  157. Montenegrin
  158. Muinane
  159. Mulam
  160. Mumuye
  161. Nahuatl (Central Huasteca)
  162. Nahuatl (Eastern Huasteca)
  163. Naasioi
  164. Nagarchal
  165. Nepalbhasa (Newari)
  166. Nigerian Pidgin
  167. NKo
  168. Nuer
  169. Obispeño
  170. Okinawan
  171. Ossetian BETA
  172. Oshiwambo
  173. Oweina
  174. Pakanha
  175. Palauan
  176. Palawano (Central)
  177. Pangasinan
  178. Pancana
  179. Pangkhua
  180. Pendau
  181. Petjo
  182. Piedmontese
  183. Pingelapese
  184. Pinyin
  185. Pirahã
  186. Pochutec
  187. Pohnpeian
  188. Potawatomi
  189. Principense Creole
  190. Puelche
  191. Puluwatese
  192. Pumpokol
  193. Punan Aput
  194. Punan Merah
  195. Puquina
  196. Q'anjob'al
  197. Q'eqchi'
  198. Qimant
  199. Quapaw
  200. Quechua
  201. Quorato Spanish Creole
  202. Rarotongan
  203. Rajasthani
  204. Ramoaaina
  205. Rapa Nui
  206. Réunion Creole
  207. Rinconada Bikol
  208. Rohingya
  209. Romani
  210. Rushani
  211. Saafi-Saafi
  212. Sadri BETA
  213. Saint Lucian Creole
  214. Samaritan Hebrew
  215. Samba
  216. Sami (North)
  217. Samogitian
  218. Sango
  219. Santali
  220. Sãotomense
  221. Sara Kaba
  222. Saraiki
  223. Saraveca
  224. Satawalese
  225. Savosavo
  226. Sedang
  227. Scots Gaelic
  228. Seediq
  229. Shan
  230. Siberian Tatar BETA
  231. Somba-Siawari
  232. Soninke
  233. Sonsorolese
  234. Standard Arabic
  235. Susu
  236. Sylheti
  237. Taburta
  238. Tagabawa
  239. Tai Loi
  240. Tamazight
  241. Tamazight (Tifinagh)
  242. Tausug
  243. Tamajaq (Tawellemmet)
  244. Timor Pidgin
  245. Tikopia
  246. Teke-Eboo
  247. Teke-Kukuya
  248. Teke-Nkizou
  249. Teke-Tsaayi
  250. Ternate
  251. Ticuna
  252. Tonkawa
  253. Tonsawang
  254. Torres Strait Creole
  255. Trieng
  256. Tsikimba
  257. Tsiluba
  258. Tugutil
  259. Tumbuka
  260. Tuvaluan
  261. Tuvan BETA
  262. Twi
  263. Tzeltal
  264. Uduk
  265. Ukhwejo
  266. Ulukwumi
  267. Umbundu
  268. Uneapa
  269. Udmurt
  270. Valencian
  271. Venda BETA
  272. Vidunda
  273. Vincentian Creole
  274. Virgin Islands Creole
  275. Wakabunga
  276. Walloon
  277. Wangaaypuwan-Ngiyampaa
  278. Western Neo-Aramaic
  279. Wolof
  280. Wik-Me'anha
  281. Xârâcùù
  282. Xamtanga
  283. Xerénte
  284. Xibe
  285. Yalakalore
  286. Yakut BETA
  287. Yandruwandha
  288. Zayein
  289. Zazaki
  290. Zemgalian
  291. Zapotec
  292. Zeelandic
  293. Zokhuo
  294. Zhuang
  295. Zorop
  296. Zulgo-Gemzek

Community partners

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Microsoft Translator has engaged with community partners to increase the number of languages and to improve overall language translation quality. Below is a list of community partners that Microsoft Translator has teamed with.[27]

Additionally, Microsoft has teamed with the Klingon Language Institute, which promotes the constructed language, Klingon, which is used within the fictional Star Trek universe produced by Paramount and CBS Studios. Klingon has been supported by Microsoft Translator since May 2013.[28]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Carmen., Steiner (2000). Pilotstudie: über die Funktion des Anhebens der Augenbrauen in der Deutschschweizerischen Gebärdensprache DSGS. Verein zur Unterstützung der Gebärdensprache der Gehörlosen. OCLC 81702109.
  2. ^ a b "Azure Data Marketplace- Microsoft Translator". Archived from the original on 2018-02-06. Retrieved 2014-12-08.
  3. ^ a b "Microsoft Translator- Languages". Microsoft. Retrieved January 6, 2023.
  4. ^ "Microsoft Research- Arul Menezes".
  5. ^ a b "Microsoft Research- Machine Translation".
  6. ^ "Microsoft Translator brings end-to-end speech translation to everyone with the world's first Speech Translation API".
  7. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Translator Text API". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2019-09-02.
  8. ^ "What is neural network based translation?". Archived from the original on 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2016-11-28.
  9. ^ "A Discriminative Framework for Bilingual Word Alignment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-07-20.
  10. ^ "Using Word Dependent Transition Models in HMM based Word Alignment for Statistical Machine Translation" (PDF).
  11. ^ "Microsoft Translator Hub: Discussion of BLEU Score". 23 May 2013.
  12. ^ "Microsoft Translator launching Neural Network based translations for all its speech languages". 16 November 2016.
  13. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Products". Microsoft.
  14. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Customization". Microsoft.
  15. ^ "Microsoft Translator live feature". Microsoft. 18 July 2023.
  16. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Translator Hub". Microsoft.
  17. ^ "Where Language Meets the World: Microsoft Translator Hub". YouTube. 4 September 2014. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20.
  18. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Multilingual App Toolkit". Microsoft.
  19. ^ Antoniou, Grigoris; Grobelnik, Marko; Simperl, Elena; Parsia, Bijan; Plexousakis, Dimitris; de Leenheer, Pieter; Pan, Jeff Z. (2011). The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. Berlin: Springer Science+Business Media. p. 341. ISBN 9783642210334.
  20. ^ "Translation powered by....Microsoft Translator!". Microsoft Translator (and Bing Translator) Official Team Blog. Microsoft Corporation. 8 September 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2010.
  21. ^ a b "About Bing Translator". Bing Translator. Microsoft. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
  22. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Products". Microsoft.
  23. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Collaborative Translation Framework". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 30 March 2015.
  24. ^ "Microsoft Translator- Translator Web Widget". Microsoft.
  25. ^ "Search Microsoft Translator". www.bing.com. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
  26. ^ "Translator Language Codes". 18 July 2023.
  27. ^ "Translator Community Partners". Microsoft.
  28. ^ "New Bing Translator Option Lets You Translate... Klingon". 14 May 2013.
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SW development

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