Mary Chase Walker
Mary Chase Walker | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Mary Chase Walker 1828 Methuen, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Died | May 17, 1899 (aged 70–71) San Diego, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Mary C. Morse |
| Occupation(s) | Teacher, activist |
| Known for | Controversy which became known as the "Walker Incident" |
| Notable work | Recollections of Early Times in San Diego (1898) |
| Spouse | Ephraim Weed Morse (m. 1866) |
Mary Chase Walker, Mrs. Morse (1828 – May 17, 1899) was an American schoolteacher, pioneer, and suffragette. In 1865 she became the first school teacher at Mason Street Schoolhouse, the first public school to be built in San Diego County, California. She recorded her Recollections of Early Times in San Diego in 1898.
Early life
[edit]Walker was born in 1828 in Methuen, Massachusetts. At age 15 she worked as a teacher in Groton, New Hampshire, where she taught at a district school, boarding with families in the community. Her initial salary was $4. It increased substantially, to $400, after Walker graduated from The State Normal School (now Framingham State University) in Framingham, Massachusetts, in 1861. Her pay was soon cut in half due to the outbreak of the American Civil War.[1][2]
Career
[edit]
In April 1865, Walker left New York by steamer to travel to seek work in San Francisco.[1] She suffered from sea sickness during the trip.[2] When she disembarked in San Francisco, Walker was told that the only position available to her was in San Diego.
Teacher
[edit]After arriving in San Diego on July 5, 1865, Walker became the first teacher of the newly constructed Mason Street School. Walker was paid $65 a month.[1][2][3] The Mason Street schoolhouse was the first public school to be built in San Diego County,[4][5] and taught 35 students of ages 4 to 17 in a single classroom.[6] Walker recalled: "My school was composed mostly of Spanish and half-breed children with a few English and several Americans. Many American soldiers and some sailors had come to San Diego in the early days and married pretty senoritas".[7]
Controversy: Walker Incident
[edit]After an 11-month term at Mason Street, she was involved in a controversy which became known as the "Walker Incident".[2] Walker met a stewardess who had helped her when she was seasick during her trip to San Francisco, and invited her to lunch at the Franklin House hotel. The stewardess is variously described as black,[1] of mixed racial origin, or quadroon.[8]
This led to patrons walking out in disgust.[1] Many of her students' parents considered her actions improper, and boycotted her classroom.[9] The trustees of the San Diego School Board were divided in their opinion of her conduct. At the height of the controversy, Walker became engaged to senior trustee Ephraim Weed Morse and resigned her position after the 1866 spring semester.[8]
Post Teaching in School
[edit]After retirement from teaching in public school, Walker did much work towards the suffragette movement and helping impoverished people.[1] Walker became a private teacher for Rufina Porter, the daughter of Rufus Porter, a Spring Valley pioneer.[10][11] Walker wrote articles for newspaper.[10]
In 1898, the year before her death, she published a paper entitled Recollections of Early Times in San Diego.[12]
Personal life
[edit]At the height of the controversy, Walker became engaged to Ephraim Weed Morse, a senior trustee, and resigned her position as a teacher after the 1866 spring semester.[8]
On December 20, 1866, Walker married Ephraim Morse, the school board president.[6] [9] Walker is also known as Mary C. Morse. Walker enjoyed gardening and camping with her husband.[10] On May 17, 1899, Walker died in San Diego, California, U.S.[1]
Legacy
[edit]On October 16, 1972, Mary Chase Walker Elementary School, on Hillery Drive in the Mira Mesa neighborhood of San Diego, opened in her honor.[13] [14] Estelle Lauer, vice president for programs at Lemon Grove Historical Society said of her in 2014: "She bridged America east and west, as well as past and present. As an emigrant American, she is an ideal figure for this season’s lecture theme, Coming to California: The Immigrant Experience."[15]
In 2014, the Lemon Grove Historical Society keeps Walker's memory alive in the "History Alive" lecture series.[16]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g "Mary Chase Walker (1828-1899)". San Diego History Center. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
- ^ a b c d Cohen & Harris 2016, p. 13.
- ^ San Diego Magazine. CurtCo/SDM LLC. July 2006. p. 1. ISSN 0036-4045.
- ^ "Life in 1865 at Old Town's Mason Street School". Cool San Diego Sights. 23 October 2015. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ^ "Mason Street School- San Diego's First Schoolhouse - San Diego, California - First of its Kind". Waymarking.com. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ^ a b "Rotation 2: Life in San Diego 100 Years Ago:Mary Chase Walker" (PDF). Parks.sandi.net. Retrieved October 9, 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Engstrand 2005, p. 84.
- ^ a b c Harrison, Donald H. (5 May 2010). "San Diego's Historic Places: Mason Street School". San Diego Jewish World. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
- ^ a b Cohen & Harris 2016, p. 15.
- ^ a b c "Ephraim W. Morse Family Papers 1838-1907". UC San Diego Library. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- ^ "History of Spring Valley, California". SpringValleyCA.com. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- ^ Cohen & Harris 2016, p. 16.
- ^ "Walker Elementary School". Retrieved August 9, 2018.
- ^ Stevens 2011, p. 38.
- ^ "Mary Chase Walker, first San Diego schoolteacher, brought back to life in talk". San Diego Times. March 3, 2014. Retrieved October 9, 2016.
- ^ March 2014"eastcountymagazine.com". Retrieved Dec 20, 2016.
Further reading
[edit]- Engstrand, Iris Wilson (2005). San Diego: California's Cornerstone. Sunbelt Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-932653-72-7.
- Cohen, Hannah S.; Harris, Gloria G. (November 21, 2016). Remarkable Women of San Diego: Pioneers, Visionaries and Innovators. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-1826-2.
- Stevens, Pam (2011). Mira Mesa, California. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-8203-0.
- Morse, Mary C. (July 1961). "Old Town Memories". San Diego History Journal. 7 (3): 36–38.
- Schwartz, Henry (March 1973). "The Mary Walker Incident: Black Prejudice in San Diego, 1866". San Diego History Journal. 19 (2): 14–20.
- Bongartz, Roy (May 6, 1973). "Old San Diego: The Past in Present Tense". The New York Times.
- Ribbel, Arthur (September 15, 1985). "The lessons were tough for San Diego's first teacher". The San Diego Union. p. G-2.
- Ribbel, Arthur (December 10, 1989). "San Diego teacher rose above racial bigotry". The San Diego Union. p. G-10.
- "Guide to the Ephraim W. Morse Papers MS 144". San Diego History Center.
- "The Schoolhouse Museum" (PDF). California State Parks.