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List of tallest buildings in Vancouver

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Vancouver skyline, 2015

Vancouver is the most populous city in the Canadian province of British Columbia and has roughly 650 high-rise buildings that equal or exceed 35 m (115 ft),[1] and roughly 50 buildings that equal or exceed 100 metres (328 ft). Almost all of the city's buildings that exceed 100 metres in height are located within Downtown Vancouver.[2] Vancouver's population density is the fourth highest in North America and the city has more residential high-rises per capita than any other city on the continent.[3]

The city has 27 protected view corridors which limit the construction of tall buildings which interfere with the line of sight to the North Shore Mountains, the downtown skyline, and the waters of English Bay and the Strait of Georgia.[4]

The tallest building in Vancouver is the 62-storey, 201 m (659 ft) Living Shangri-La;[5] the building represents the city's efforts to add visual interest into Vancouver's skyline.[6] The recently completed Paradox Hotel Vancouver, also known as Vancouver's Turn, is now the city's second tallest building, at 188 metres (616 ft).[7] The Private Residences at Hotel Georgia, completed in 2012 at 157 m (515 ft) and 48 stories, is currently the third-tallest in the city.[8] One Wall Centre, at 150 m (492 ft) tall, with 48 storeys, is currently the city's fourth tallest building.[9] One Wall Centre has the distinction of being the first building in the world to use a tuned liquid column damper to control wind vibrations.[9]

History

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Vancouver's history of skyscrapers began with the Dominion Building (1909), the Sun Tower (1911) (originally named the World Tower, then the News-Advertiser Tower, after the newspaper it was home to in each case), the Vancouver Block (1912), the second Hotel Vancouver (1916) and the Marine Building (1929). The third Hotel Vancouver was completed in 1939 at 111 m (364 ft) tall, and was the first building in the city to have stood taller than 100 m (328 ft).[10]

Building construction remained slow in the city until the late 1960s, other than the completion of the new BC Electric headquarters (soon renamed BC Hydro headquarters, and today the Electra condominiums). From 1968 to 1981, Vancouver witnessed a major expansion of skyscraper and high-rise construction. Many of the city's office towers were completed during this period, such as the Harbour Centre, Bentall Centre, Royal Centre, Granville Square and Pacific Centre office tower/mall complexes.[11][12] A ten-year lull in building construction came after the expansion, though Vancouver experienced a larger second building expansion beginning in 1991 and continuing into the present.[3]

In the last two decades Vancouver's pioneering urbanism, with its density and innovative developments, has been emulated by major cities throughout the world.[citation needed] As part of the city's push for liveable high-density areas (called Vancouverism by planning theorists),[13] many mixed-use and residential buildings were built, such as Concord Pacific Place[clarification needed], the largest master-planned residential complex in North America.[14] One Wall Centre and Living Shangri-La were the city's first buildings to break the 150 m (492 ft) and 200 m (656 ft) marks, respectively.[5][9]

While highrise development outside of the downtown core had been nearly nonexistent due to zoning restrictions and view cones, recent transit oriented developments like Marine Gateway and the upcoming Oakridge Park are centered around Canada line stations of the Skytrain, Metro Vancouver's light metro system, in order to increase residential density and reduce car reliance. They will have the tallest building heights outside of Downtown Vancouver.

Tallest buildings

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This list ranks buildings in Vancouver that stand at least 100 m (328 ft) tall, based on CTBUH height measurement standards. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings.

Rank Name Image Height Floors Year Notes Ref
1 Living Shangri-La 200.9 m (659 ft) 62 2009 This is the 34th tallest building in Canada. It is also the tallest building in the city of Vancouver and in British Columbia. [15]
2 Paradox Hotel Vancouver 187.8 m (616 ft) 60 2016 Tied with Altus in Burnaby for the second tallest building in British Columbia. [16]
3 The Butterfly 178.6 m (586 ft) 57 2024
4 One Burrard Place 167.6 m (550 ft) 54 2021 [17][18]
5 The Stack 162.3 m (532 ft) 38 2023 [19]
6 The Private Residences at Hotel Georgia 158.5 m (520 ft) 48 2012 [20]
7 Vancouver House 150.3 m (493 ft) 49 2019 Features a top-heavy design that is unique in Vancouver. [21]
8 One Wall Centre 149.8 m (491 ft) 47 2001 This building is also known as the Sheraton Wall Centre. [22]
9 Shaw Tower 149.0 m (488.8 ft) 41 2004 [23][24]
10 Harbour Centre 147.0 m (482.3 ft) 40 1977 This is the tallest office building in the city. [11][25]
11 MNP Tower 143.1 m (469 ft)9 36 2015 Seeking Platinum LEED certification, will be Gold LEED at least. [26]
12 The Melville 141.4 m (464 ft) 43 2007 This building is the tallest all-residential tower in Vancouver. The building also has the tallest rooftop pool in the city. [27][28]
13 Royal Centre 141.0 m (462.6 ft) 37 1973 This building is also known as the RBC Tower or Royal Bank Tower. [12][29]
14 Bentall 5 140.1 m (460 ft) 34 2007 [30][31]
15 Park Place 140.0 m (459.3 ft) 35 1984 This building is the largest office building in British Columbia with a floor area of 64,856 square metres (698,104 sq ft). [32]
16 Fairmont Pacific Rim 139.6 m (458 ft) 44 2010 [33][34]
17 Granville Square 138.4 m (454 ft) 30 1973 Also known as 200 Granville Square. The roof of the building features Vancouver Harbour Control Tower, the highest air traffic control tower in the world. [35][36]
18= Four Bentall Centre 138.0 m (452.8 ft) 35 1981 [37][38]
18= Scotia Tower 138.0 m (452.8 ft) 34 1977 [39][40]
20 Telus Garden 135.6 m (445 ft) 54 2014 LEED Platinum for Office Building and LEED Gold certification for Residential Tower as part of the new downtown Telus headquarters project. [41]
21 TD Tower 127.1 m (417 ft) 30 1972 This building is also known as the Toronto Dominion Tower. [42][43]
22= Capitol Residences 126.2 m (414 ft) 43 2011 [44]
22= Patina 126.2 m (414 ft) 42 2011 [45][46]
24 The Charleson 125.0 m (410.1 ft) 42 2018 [47]
25 The Mark 123.4 m (405 ft) 41 2013 [48]
26 Vancouver Centre II 122.8 m (403 ft) 33 2023 [49]
27 Woodward's 43 122.3 m (401 ft) 33 2023 This building is also known as W43 or the W Building. [50]
28= 1300 Richards Street 121.9 m (400 ft) 43 2017 [51]
28= Three Bentall Centre 121.9 m (400 ft) 32 1974 This building is also known as the Bank of Montreal Tower. [52][53]
30 Jameson House 118.6 m (389 ft) 38 2011 [54][55]
31 The Ritz 118.3 m (388 ft) 37 2008 [56][57]
32 West One 117.0 m (383.9 ft) 38 2002 This building is also known as Beach Crescent - West One. [58]
33 Cathedral Place 116.4 m (382 ft) 23 1991 [59]
34= Marriott Pinnacle Hotel 114.3 m (375 ft) 35 2000 [60]
34= The Exchange 114.3 m (375 ft) 31 2017 [61]
36 West Pender Place 1 112.8 m (370 ft) 36 2011 [62]
37 Sheraton Wall Centre Hotel - West Tower 110.9 m (364 ft) 35 1994 [63]
38 Hotel Vancouver 110.6 m (363 ft) 17 1939 [64]
39 Venus 109.4 m (359 ft) 34 2000 [65]
40 Hyatt Regency Vancouver 108.8 m (357 ft) 35 1973 This building is also known as the Hyatt Regency Hotel. [66]
41 Residences on Georgia (West) 108 m (354 ft) 36 1998 [67]
42 Marine Gateway North 107 m (351 ft) 30 2015 The only Vancouver skyscraper exceeding 100 metres in height that is located outside of Downtown Vancouver. [68]
43= The Pinnacle 106.1 m (348 ft) 36 1996 [69][70]
43= Callisto 106.1 m (348 ft) 35 2004 [71]
43= Dolce 106.1 m (348 ft) 31 2010 [72]
46= Landmark 33 106 m (348 ft) 35 1998 This building is also known as Marina Pointe - Landmark 33. [73]
46= Residences on Georgia (East) 106 m (348 ft) 36 1998 [74]
48 Two Harbour Green 105.1 m (345 ft) 31 2008 [75]
49= Board of Trade Building 104.2 m (342 ft) 27 1968 [76]
49= Oceanic Plaza 104.2 m (342 ft) 26 1977 [77]
51 Arthur Erickson Place 103.6 m (340 ft) 27 1968 Originally known as the MacMillan Bloedel Building. [78]
52 Quay West Tower I 103 m (338 ft) 35 2002 This building is also known as Marina Crescent - Quay West I. [79][80]
53 Elan 102.7 m (337 ft) 34 2008 [81]
54 FortisBC Centre 101.2 m (332 ft) 24 1992 Located at 1111 West Georgia Street, it was formerly known as the Terasen Centre and was previously the site of the Rayonier Building (originally known as the Alaska White Pine Building), ca. 1954 to 1990. [82]
55= Paris Place 100.5 m (330 ft) 33 1995 [83]
55= HSBC Building 100.5 m (330 ft) 23 1987 [84]
57 Canaccord Tower 100.3 m (329 ft) 24 1981 This building is also known as Canaccord Place. [85]
58 Coast Plaza Hotel & Suites 100.2 m (329 ft) 32 1969 [86]
59= Carmana Plaza 100 m (330 ft) 34 1999 [87]
59= Guinness Tower 100 m (330 ft) 25 1969 [88]

* Indicates buildings that are still under construction but have been topped out.
= Indicates buildings that have the same rank because they have the same height.

High-resolution panorama of a large, brightly lit skyline at night. A mountain range lies in the background, and a bridge is visible on the left-hand side of the panorama.
A high resolution panorama of Vancouver with the mountains behind, looking roughly north from the vicinity of Broadway and Oak Street. The bridge on the left of the image is the Granville Street Bridge.

Tallest proposed and under construction

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Under construction

[edit]

This table lists skyscrapers that are under construction in Vancouver that will rise over 100 m (328 ft) tall.

Rank Name Height Floors Year Notes Ref
1 The Butterfly 178.6 m (586 ft) 57 2024 Upon completion it will be the third tallest building in Vancouver. [89]
2 Sen̓áḵw Phase III 172 m (564 ft) 59 2027 [90]
3 Oakridge Centre V 157.8 m (518 ft) 52 2024 Upon completion in 2024, it will surpass Marine Gateway North as the tallest building in Vancouver outside of the Downtown Peninsula.
4 Oakridge Centre IV 137.5 m (451 ft) 38 2024
5 1550 Alberni 135 m (443 ft) 38 2022 [91]
6= Tate on Howe 115.2 m (378 ft) 39 2021 [92]
6= Oakridge Centre VI 115.2 m (378 ft) 25 2024
7 Oakridge Centre III 109.7 m (360 ft) 36 2024

Approved and Proposed

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This table lists approved and proposed skyscrapers in Vancouver that are planned to rise over 100 m (328 ft) tall.

Rank Name Height Floors Year proposed Status Notes Ref
1 1075 Nelson Street 178.6 m (586 ft) 60 To be determined Proposed
2 1045 Haro Street 176.8 m (580 ft) 55 To be determined Proposed
3 601 Beach Crescent 171 m (561 ft) 55 To be determined Proposed [93]
4 1445 West Georgia 156.7 m (514 ft) 45 To be determined Approved [94]
5 1157 Burrard Street 155.1 m (509 ft) 47 To be determined Approved
6 1450 West Georgia 151.5 m (497 ft) 49 To be determined Proposed [95]
7 1500 West Georgia 152 m (499 ft) 51 To be determined Proposed [96]
8 1444 Alberni East Tower 134.7 m (442 ft) 48 To be determined Proposed
9 Alberni & Caldero 1 126.5 m (415 ft) 39 To be determined Proposed
10 1444 Alberni West Tower 123.4 m (405 ft) 43 To be determined Proposed
11 Alberni & Caldero 2 122.2 m (401 ft) 33 To be determined Proposed
12 1166 West Pender Street 121.6 m (399 ft) 32 To be determined Proposed
13 1684 Alberni Street 117.3 m (385 ft) 39 To be determined Proposed
14 Oakridge XII 113 m (371 ft) 40 To be determined Proposed
15 Oakridge XIII 111.5 m (366 ft) 34 To be determined Proposed

Tallest demolished

[edit]
Further information: List of tallest voluntarily demolished buildings

This table lists buildings in Vancouver that were demolished or destroyed and at one time stood at least 100 metres (328 ft) in height.

Name Image Height
m (ft) 		Floors Completed
in 		Demolished
in 		Notes Ref
Empire Landmark Hotel 120.1 m (394 ft) 42 1973 2018–2019 This building was the tallest free standing hotel in the city. This building was often referred to by its original name, the Sheraton Landmark. The hotel and its restaurant closed on September 30, 2017, and the building was demolished, floor by floor between March 2018 and May 2019. [97][98]

Timeline of tallest buildings

[edit]
Further information: List of heritage buildings in Vancouver

This is a list of buildings that in the past held the title of tallest building in Vancouver.

Name Image Street address Years as tallest Height
m (ft) 		Floors Ref
Dominion Building 207 W. Hastings St. 1910–1912 53.3 m (175 ft) 14 [99]
Sun Tower 100 W. Pender St. 1912–1930 84.1 m (276 ft) 17 [100]
Marine Building 355 Burrard St. 1930–1939 97.8 m (321 ft) 21 [101]
Hotel Vancouver 900 W. Georgia St. 1939–1972 111.0 m (364.2 ft) 17 [102]
TD Tower 700 W. Georgia St. 1972–1973 127.1 m (417 ft) 30 [43]
Royal Centre 1055 W. Georgia St. 1973–1977 141.4 m (464 ft) 37 [29]
Harbour Centre 555 W. Hastings St. 1977–2001 146.6 m (481 ft) 28 [25]
One Wall Centre 1000 Burrard St. 2001–2008 149.7 m (491 ft) 48 [22]
Living Shangri-La 1120 W. Georgia St. 2008–present 200.9 m (659 ft) 62 [15]

See also

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References

[edit]
General
  • "SkyscraperCenter Vancouver". CTBUH. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
  • "High-rise Buildings of Vancouver". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on April 10, 2013. Retrieved 2009-10-25.
  • "Vancouver". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-07-25.
Specific
  1. ^ "Tall Buildings of Vancouver". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 2008-02-25. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  2. ^ "Vancouver". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  3. ^ a b "About Vancouver". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 2008-03-17. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  4. ^ City of Vancouver (February 2011). View Protection Guidelines (PDF) (Report). City of Vancouver Planning Department. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  5. ^ a b "Living Shangri-La". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on December 9, 2006. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
  6. ^ "Downtown Vancouver Skyline Study" (PDF). Special Council Meeting Minutes. City of Vancouver. 7–23 April 1997. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  7. ^ "Trump International Hotel & Tower Vancouver". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  8. ^ "The Private Residences". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 25, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  9. ^ a b c "One Wall Centre". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2007. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
  10. ^ "The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  11. ^ a b "Harbour Centre". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  12. ^ a b "Royal Centre". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  13. ^ "Vancouverism". Canadian Architect. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved 2008-12-20.
  14. ^ "Concord Pacific Place, Vancouver". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on 2007-05-06. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  15. ^ a b "Living Shangri-La". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  16. ^ "1133 West Georgia - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  17. ^ "One Burrard Place - The Skyscraper Center". www.skyscrapercenter.com. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  18. ^ "Construction on downtown Vancouver's third tallest tower has topped out (PHOTOS) - Daily Hive". dailyhive.com/. Retrieved 2021-01-31.
  19. ^ "The Stack". www.skyscrapercenter.com.
  20. ^ "Hotel Georgia". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
  21. ^ "Vancouver House". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  22. ^ a b "One Wall Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  23. ^ "Shaw Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  24. ^ "Shaw Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  25. ^ a b "Harbour Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  26. ^ "1021 West Hastings". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
  27. ^ "The Melville". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 9, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  28. ^ "The Melville". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  29. ^ a b "Royal Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  30. ^ "Bentall 5". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  31. ^ "5 Bentall Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  32. ^ "Park Place". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  33. ^ "Fairmont Pacific Rim Vancouver". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 13, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  34. ^ "Fairmont Pacific Rim Vancouver". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  35. ^ "Granville Square". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  36. ^ "200 Granville Square". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  37. ^ "Four Bentall Centre". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 1, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  38. ^ "Four Bentall Centre". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  39. ^ "The Scotia Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  40. ^ "Scotia Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  41. ^ "Telus's Vancouver condos fly off the market". The Globe and Mail. 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2016-09-23.
  42. ^ "Toronto Dominion Tower". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  43. ^ a b "Toronto Dominion Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  44. ^ "Capitol Residences". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  45. ^ "Patina". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  46. ^ "Patina". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
  47. ^ "The Charleson, Vancouver - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  48. ^ "The Mark". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2015-05-23.
  49. ^ "Vancouver Centre II". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2024-04-14.
  50. ^ "Woodward's 43". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
  51. ^ "Peter Wall Mansion & Residences, Vancouver - SkyscraperPage.com". skyscraperpage.com. Retrieved 2019-09-15.
  52. ^ "Bank of Montreal Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  53. ^ "Three Bentall Centre". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  54. ^ "Jameson Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  55. ^ "Jameson House". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 12, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  56. ^ "The Ritz". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 28, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  57. ^ "The Ritz". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  58. ^ "West One". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  59. ^ "Cathedral Place". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  60. ^ "Marriott Pinnacle Hotel". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  61. ^ "The Exchange". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  62. ^ "West Pender Place". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  63. ^ "Sheraton Wall Centre Hotel West Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  64. ^ "Fairmont Hotel Vancouver". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  65. ^ "Venus". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  66. ^ "Hyatt Regency Vancouver". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-21.
  67. ^ "Residences on Georgia West". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  68. ^ "Marine Gateway North Residential". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  69. ^ "The Pinnacle". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on May 10, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  70. ^ "The Pinnacle". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  71. ^ "Callisto". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  72. ^ "Dolce". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  73. ^ "Landmark 33". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  74. ^ "Residences on Georgia East". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  75. ^ "Two Harbour Green". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  76. ^ "1177 West Hastings". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  77. ^ "Oceanic Plaza". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  78. ^ "1075 West Georgia". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  79. ^ "QuayWest Tower I". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on September 10, 2012. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  80. ^ "Marina Crescent - QuayWest I". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  81. ^ "Elan". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  82. ^ "Fortis BC". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  83. ^ "Paris Place". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  84. ^ "HSBC Building". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  85. ^ "Canaccord Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  86. ^ "Coast Plaza Hotel & Suites". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  87. ^ "Carmana Plaza". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  88. ^ "Guinness Tower". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-27.
  89. ^ "The Butterfly". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  90. ^ "Senakw project: Squamish Nation and City of Vancouver partnership details | Urbanized". dailyhive.com. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
  91. ^ "1550 Alberni". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
  92. ^ "Tate on Howe". Retrieved 2015-05-31.
  93. ^ "601 Beach Crescent". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  94. ^ "1445 West Georgia". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  95. ^ "1445 West Georgia". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  96. ^ "1500 West Georgia". The Skyscraper Center. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  97. ^ "Empire Landmark Hotel". Emporis.com. Archived from the original on February 6, 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  98. ^ "Empire Landmark Hotel". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-18.
  99. ^ City of Vancouver's plaque on the building, photo visible here
  100. ^ "Sun Tower". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  101. ^ "Marine Building". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
  102. ^ "Hotel Vancouver". SkyscraperPage.com. Retrieved 2008-12-13.
[edit]
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