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Marehan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mareexaan
مريحان
Languages
Somali
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Facaaye, Majerten, Lelkase, Warsangeli, Dhulbahante, and other Darod groups.

The Marehan (Somali: Mareexaan, Arabic: مريحان) is a Somali clan, which is part of one of the largest Somali clan families, the Darod.[1][2][3]

The clan are the largest tribe in the Jubaland state and make the majority of the Gedo, Middle Juba and Lower Juba states, some major cities in these states owned by the tribe are Beled Hawo, Jilib, Saakow, Kismayo, Bardhere and Burgabo. They are primarily concentrated on the western part of Middle Juba primarily in Bu'aale where their camels graze deep into the Lower Shabelle and the coasts of Lower Juba. They live as far south as the towns Bilis Qooqaani, Bibi and Midi and the town Diff. The tribe are single handedly the majority of the Kismayo district, with a territory extending as far as the Badhadhe District region, dominating it almost completely comprisng the most territory followed by the Degodi and Gaaljecel tribes, primarily living in the coastal plains, with their main population centres being Ras Marehan and Burgabo. Some major towns/districts of the tribe include Birta Dheer, Istanbul, Qudus, Goobweyn, Berhan and Buulo xaaji.

The tribe can also be found in Galmudug, where they constitute the largest tribe in Galgaduud, owning the largest city and most urban district Abudwak. The tribe also make up the majority clan of the Wajir East Constituency, living all the way up to the road and have a huge presence in Mandera and Garissa. The tribe are also one of the largest in the South West State of Somalia, constituting the majority of the Yeed, Qansahdhere, Dinsoor districts. The grazing boundaries of the tribe also extend from the cities of Burgabo in Badhadhe District, to Barawe. The Hubeer and Yantar tribes are of Marehan origin and dominate the Dinsoor and Qansahdhere regions where they live with the unrahanweynized brothers the Yabar Husayn.

The tribe also own the majority of the Bajuuni islands including Kooyama. The Marehan settled in Raas Mareexaan during the early 1900's establishing it near the Bajuuni islands.

The tribe are also the majority of the city of Dire Dawa which was founded by them, however the majority have been Oromized, however there are still a huge number of Somalis in the city.

They can also be found in Bale in places such as Ginir (woreda), and Shewa, mainly in the city of Adama. The tribe can also be found scattered all over Amhara, Tigray and Gurage, the majority of which are descendants of remnants from the Adal wars.

Overview

Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the Marehan were reported to have lived in an area that extended from the Bandar Siyada on the Gulf of Aden to beyond Ras el-Khail on the Indian Ocean, or much of northern Somalia.[4] The clan are recorded as having played a significant role in Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi's campaigns against Ethiopia during the 16th century. The commander of the Somali forces and the closest deputy of the Imam was a Marehan commander, Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros. Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi was also a member of the clan, and his descendants can be found in Gedo Somalia and are part of the Reer Garaad sub clans. His descendants in Amhara and Gurage also claim descent from the tribe.[5][6][7] Together they helped push westward the enemies into the plains of Harar and farther, helping destabilize the highland Christian empire. Evident in these battles were the Somali archers, namely the Marehan and the Gerri archers, through whom al-Ghazi was able to defeat the numerically superior Ethiopian Army that consisted of 16,000 cavalry and more than 200,000 infantry. After the fall of the Sultanate, the tribe would go on to rule the Imamate of Aussa[8]

Another major ruler was Emir Nur ibn Mujahid who was the second conqueror of Ethiopia, he was the commander of the elite Melesay unit, and he would capture the south eastern provinces of Ethiopia. He successfully defeated the forces of Gelawdewos and killed him in the battle of Fatagar. He also built the walls of Harar spanning a whooping 3.9 kms, a UNESCO world heritage site, and the longest fortified walls in east Africa. His son aided Talha ibn Abbas, the son of Wazir Abbas in his war against the grand sons of Uthman the Abyssinian and his sub clan would go on to rule the Emirate of Harar.[9][10]

Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros

Marehan had multiple powerful important leaders within the Adal such as Garad Hirabu, who was given the title Emir of the Somalis. During the Adal war there were 3 generals who were Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros and Sultan Muhammad.[11]

Garad Hirabu would save the Imam from Sultan Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad, the arch rival of the Abadir dynasty who had killed the cousin of Garad Hirabu and Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi, Abun Adashe. Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad in revenge for the take over of the Adal Sultanate by the Abadir dynasty would attempt to stage a coup and kill the Imam, however he was halted by the Emir Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros.[12]

He was the son of Goyta Ali (Tedros, a title given by the local Harla) which is the highest role in the sultanate, his father controlled all trading routes in the kingdom and held the keys to the gates of Harar during nocturnal periods, the title Goyta was third only to Emir and Sultan and was the title of the highest general. Garad Hirabu Goita Tedros successfully captured the provinces of Bale and Tigray.[13]

Groups

The Juba Valley Alliance is a political faction of the Somali Civil War.[14]

The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party was the ruling party of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1976 to 1991.[15][16][17][18]

The Somali National Front (SNF) was also a revolutionary movement and armed militia in Somalia After Somali Democratic Republic were clapsed.[19]

Clan tree

There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.[20][21]

In the Marehan clan-family, component clans are divided into two uterine divisions Marehan In Jubaland, Galgaduud and Mudug Somalia the World Bank shows the following clan tree:[22] In the World Bank shows the following Marehan clan tree.

  • Sade
  • Marehan
    • Awsame
    • Owrmidig
  • Awsame
    • Baalyeri
    • Xiinle
  • Baalyeri
    • Hodonbari
    • Hogaanyo
  • Hodonbari(suhayweyn)
  • Gaalshireedle
    • Xasan Gaalshireedle
      • Reer Yusuf
      • Ibrahim
      • Waqmaasho
      • Gumarwaaq
    • isaaq Gaalshireedle
  • Amaanreer
    • Maxamed Amaanreer (Wagardhac)
    • Reer Gadiid
    • Reer Wardheere
    • ReerAllamagan
    • Cumar Dheer
    • Reer Afweyne
    • Reer Rooble
    • Reer Faahiye
    • Reer Faatax
    • Reer Kheyr
    • Sririg
    • Reer Ciise
    • Siyaad Liibaan
    • Rubeec
    • Cali Amaanreer (Hawraarsame)
    • Talxe Amaanreer (Talxe)
    • Ridamiir Amaanreer
  • Ridaamiir
    • WarWaa'Jecle
  • WarWaa'Jecle
    • Yacquub WarWaa'Jecle (Fiqi Yacquub)

Fiqi-Yacqub has the following Sub-Clan.

    • Rer Gadid
    • Rer Abdi Ali
    • rer Ugas Jiir(Ugasyada Fiqi-Yacqub)
    • Ahmed Farah
    • Rer ilbir
    • rer Cabsiya.
    • Rer Gedi.
    • Rer Jilal
    • Rer Roble
    • Ciise WarWaa'Jecle (Habar Ciise)
  • Xuseen WarWaa'Jecle
    • Muuse Xuseen
    • Cali Xuseen (Celi)
  • Muse Xuseen
    • Cabdiraxiin Muuse
    • Abaadir Muuse
    • Maamasame Muuse
  • Abaadir Muuse
    • Daa'uud Abadir
    • Soonfure Abaadir (Soonfure)
  • Daa'uud
    • Boqor Maxamed Daa'uud
  • Boqor Maxamed Daa'uud
    • Cali Maxamed (Cali Dheere)
    • Cismaan Maxamed (Reer Cismaan)

reer cismaan has the following sub-clan.

    • Reer agoon
    • Reer idiris
    • Reer saleeban.

Reer agoon has also the following sub-clan

  • Faarax agoon
  • Maxamed agoon

rer maxamed agoon:

  • Garad Abibeker "Gilgila"
  • Yuusuf mataan
    • Nuur Yuusuf (Imam Nuur ibn Mujaahid) Ina Nur
    • Xuseen Yuusuf
  • Xuseen Yuusuf
    • Bah Gareen
      • Siyaad Xuseen ( Reer Siyaad Xuseen )
      • Yabar Xuseen
      • Khalaf Xuseen
    • Bah Ismaacil
      • Axmed Xuseen ( Reer Axmed )
      • Cali Xuseen
  • Reer Siyaad Xuseen
    • Reer Rooble Siyaad
    • Reer Nuur Siyaad
    • Reer Buraale
    • Reer Saanyar
    • Reer Faarax Siyaad
    • Reer Tuur
    • Reer Jimca Doon
    • Reer Liiban Dalal
    • Reer Cadaan
    • Reer Qeyr
    • Reer Odowaa
  • Ugaas Khalaf Xuseen
    • Samatar Khalaf
    • Ugaas Sharmaarke Khalaf
  • Ugaas Sharmaarke
    • Bah Dir
    • Bah Abasguul
    • Ugaas Guuleed
  • Ugaas Guuleed
    • Baho Guuleed
    • Faarax Ugaas
  • Faarax Ugaas
    • Guleed Faarax
    • Xersi Faarax
    • Samantar Faarax
    • Rooble Faarax
    • Ugaas Diini Faarax (Reer Diini)
  • Ugaas Diini
    • Bah Ogaaden
      • Reer Dalal
      • Reer Xirsi
      • Reer Maxmuud Guuled
    • Bah Dhulbahante
      • Reer Allamagan Diini
      • Reer Qaliif Diini ( Qaliif Gawracane )
    • Bah Xawaadle
      • Reer Ugaas Sharmake
      • Reer Siyaad
      • Reer Warsame
    • Bah Daraandole
      • Reer Kooshin
      • Reer Nuur
      • Reer Warfaa Diini
      • Reer Shirwac Diini
      • Reer Maxmuud Diini
      • Reer Faarax Diini[23]

Notable people

deputy speaker of Somali's Upper House. 2017 - 2022

Mohamed Abdullahi Farmaajo, 9th President of Somalia.
Mohamed Siad Barre, Former President of Somalia.

References

  1. ^ "Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples". Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  2. ^ Lewis, Ioan M (1999). A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics Among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa. James Currey Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-01-472670-4. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  3. ^ Lewis, Ioan M (July 1959). "Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 29 (3): 274–293. doi:10.2307/1157617. JSTOR 1157617. S2CID 143243256. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Part 12 by James Hastings, ISBN 0-7661-3687-6, pp. 490
  5. ^ {{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoec0000pank%7Curl-access=registration%7Ctitle=An introduction to the economic history of Ethiopia, from early times to 1800|last=Pankhurst|first=Richard|date=1961-01-01|publisher=Lalibela House|page=175|language=en}}
  6. ^ ʻArabfaqīh, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Qādir (2003-01-01). The conquest of Abyssinia: 16th century. Probably the Habar Makadur , as a footnote [I.M. Lewis]. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-9723172-6-9.
  7. ^ Lewis, I.M. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press. ISBN 978-1-56902-104-0. There are two main fractions, the Habr Afan and Habr Makadur, formerly united under a common hereditary chief (ogaz).
  8. ^ Richard Pankhurst, An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, from Early Times to 1800
  9. ^ Lewis, I.M. (1998). Peoples of the Horn of Africa: Somali, Afar and Saho. Red Sea Press. ISBN 978-1-56902-104-0. There are two main fractions, the Habr Afan and Habr Makadur, formerly united under a common hereditary chief (ogaz).
  10. ^ Richard Pankhurst, An Introduction to the Economic History of Ethiopia, from Early Times to 1800
  11. ^ S. ARTHUR STRONG, "Futuh Ul Habashah, or, THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA"
  12. ^ S. ARTHUR STRONG, "Futuh Ul Habashah, or, THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA"
  13. ^ S. ARTHUR STRONG, "Futuh Ul Habashah, or, THE CONQUEST OF ABYSSINIA"
  14. ^ "Interview with Barre Adan Shire, chairman of the Juba Valley Alliance (JVA)". The New Humanitarian (in French). 2002-10-22. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
  15. ^ Sheik-Abdi, Abdi (1981). "Ideology and Leadership in Somalia". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19 (1): 163–172. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054161. ISSN 0022-278X. JSTOR 160610. S2CID 154797130.
  16. ^ ""Nationalism Turned Inside Out"". MERIP. 1982-06-15. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
  17. ^ "Mohamed Siad Barre (1910-1995) •". 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
  18. ^ "Mohamed Siad Barre | president of Somalia | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-12-03.
  19. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Somalia: Information on the Somali National Front (SNF) since 1994". Refworld. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
  20. ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.55 Figure A-1
  21. ^ Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Somalia Assessment 2001, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine, p. 43
  22. ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.56 Figure A-2
  23. ^ Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics, January 2005, Appendix 2, Lineage Charts, p.57 Figure A-3
  24. ^ "Home". Nabad & Nolol. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  25. ^ "A Surprise Visit by Ambassador Extraordinaire Fatima Bihi". WardheerNews. 2018-09-21. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  26. ^ "Abdullahi Sheikh Ismail (Fartaag)". Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  27. ^ "Ahmed Sheikh Ali's biography, net worth, fact, career, awards and life story - ZGR.net". www.zgr.net. Retrieved 2023-01-11.

Sources

Part of a series on
Somali clans
Darod
Isaaq
Dir
Hawiye
Rahanweyn
Benadiri
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