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California State Route 37

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State Route 37 marker
State Route 37
Map
SR 37 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by Caltrans
Length21.494 mi[1] (34.591 km)
Existed1917[2]
1934–present
Major junctions
West end US 101 in Novato
Major intersections
East end I-80 in Vallejo
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountiesMarin, Sonoma, Solano
Highway system
← SR 36→ SR 38

State Route 37 (SR 37) is a state highway in the U.S. state of California that runs 21 miles (34 km) along the northern shore of San Pablo Bay. It serves as a vital connection in the North Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, running from U.S. Route 101 in Novato, through northeastern Marin County, and the southern tips of both Sonoma and Solano Counties to Interstate 80 in Vallejo. Sonoma Raceway and Six Flags Discovery Kingdom are accessible from Highway 37.

The section of Highway 37 between Sears Point and Vallejo was the Sears Point Toll Road, a toll road managed by Golden Gate Ferry, before it was purchased by the State in 1938. The highway has been proposed to be built to freeway standards since the early 1950s. However, the proposal was met with many economic and environmental obstacles, making the task all but impossible for much of the route. The route is plagued by flooding which can be exacerbated by levee breaks near Vallejo. Most of the highway crosses a marsh that is home to endangered salt marsh harvest mice. A section of highway was once known as "Blood Alley" for its high rate of fatal accidents. A concrete barrier built in the 1990s eliminated those fatal head-on collisions. By 2022, there have been proposals to reinstate tolls between Sears Point and Vallejo to help pay for flooding and other improvements.

Route description

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SR 37 in Novato
SR 37 near Sears Point
SR 37 at sunset; Raceway Hill in background

Intended to run from State Route 251, a highway that has not been constructed, SR 37 begins in Novato with a junction at U.S. Route 101 and heads northeast as a freeway for about a quarter mile before becoming a four-lane expressway. The route passes over the Petaluma River into Sonoma County before meeting the southern terminus of State Route 121 at a signal-controlled intersection near Sears Point and the Sonoma Raceway.

The route continues as a divided two-lane expressway in a more easterly, then southeasterly, direction as it crosses Tolay Creek and proceeds through the Napa Sonoma Marsh at the northern edge of San Pablo Bay. Before the construction of the barrier in 1995, this portion of SR 37 was three lanes with the middle lane alternately serving as a passing lane for each direction. This stretch of highway was given the nickname of "Blood Alley" for its high-rate of fatal accidents. With the middle lane removed, accidents dropped dramatically.[3]

SR 37 becomes a four-lane freeway on Mare Island, approaching northern Vallejo. After it crosses over the Napa River Bridge, it continues as a freeway, overlapping the old highway alignment and passing north of the old road known as Marine World Parkway (due to its proximity to the Six Flags Discovery Kingdom, previously known as Marine World). SR 37 travels in a northeasterly direction along the White Slough before turning east as it crosses over State Route 29 and heads to its eastern terminus at I-80 as the James Capoot Memorial Highway (honoring a Vallejo police officer who was killed in the line of duty).[4] In the early 1990s, the stretch between Fairgrounds Drive, which serves as the entrance to Discovery Kingdom, and Mini Drive was upgraded to a freeway. In 2004 and 2005, following over fifty years of complications, the remaining non-freeway section in Vallejo was upgraded as well.[5][6][7]

SR 37 is also known as Randy Bolt Memorial Highway from SR 29 to Skaggs Road (honoring a California Department of Justice agent who was killed in the line of duty in an accident along SR 37), and Sears Point Toll Road, which was originally a toll road that ran from SR 121 to Vallejo.[8] SR 37 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,[9] but is not part of the National Highway System,[10] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.[11] SR 37 is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System,[12] but it is not officially designated as a scenic highway by the California Department of Transportation.[13]

History

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Further information: El Camino Real (California) and History of California's state highway system

The stretch of road east of Sears Point was once part of the historical El Camino Real.[14] As a result of the State Highways Acts of the early 20th century, the Black Point Cut-off was built over it and opened to traffic in 1917.[2] This highway followed the current alignment east of Sears Point, before diverting northeast along present-day Route 121. It was first designated Legislative Route 8 (LRN 8), later being signed as State Route 37.[15][16]

Prior to being under State control, the section between Sears Point and Vallejo was known as the Sears Point Toll Road, a toll road managed by Golden Gate Ferry[17] that was built over an ancient Native American trail. When it was purchased by the State in 1938, tolls were removed;[3] it then became signed as State Route 48 until 1964.[16]

Route 37 was redefined in the 1964 state highway renumbering as a route starting at SR 251, then SR 17,[18] near Nicasio and ending at I-80 near Lake Chabot.[19] The whole of SR 37 has been proposed to be built to freeway standards since the early 1950s. However, the proposal was met with many economic and environmental obstacles, making the task all but impossible for much of the route.

Sears Point Toll Road

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A view of the Mare Island bridge from SR 37
SR 37 outside of Mare Island

As late as 1926, Golden Gate Ferries, owners of the Sears Point Toll Road Co., began plans to build the Sears Point Toll Road,[17] with a contract awarded to Oakland-based Hutchinson Company in October 1927.[20] The paved toll road was to be built on top of an ancient Native American trail[3] along the San Pablo Bay shore between the Sacramento Highway and the Black Point cut-off (LRN 8) near Sears Point. It was expected to cost $775,000USD, with a toll not exceeding $0.35. Toll road officials explained the purpose of the road; to stimulate motor vehicle usage by reducing the commute times and expenses of motorists traveling from the East Bay and Sacramento areas by offering a more direct route toward Marin, Sonoma and the Redwood Highway.[20] The road opened for traffic in 1928.[3]

On November 29, 1932, the California State Highway Commission received a recommendation to purchase the road[21] and was able to invest $418,000USD by 1936. However, the U.S. Navy owned rights to the right-of-way of part of the route, and opposed the purchase. This resulted in congressional actions to establish a clear title deed for the route.[22][23] House Representative Richard J. Welch was one of the earliest government officials to pressure the State of California to acquire the toll road in order to convert it into a toll-free highway. He argued that having only one toll road to travel in order to reach the Golden Gate Bridge would benefit commuters; he also cited the ten and seventh-tenths-mile difference in distance between the toll road and a route through Napa.[24] A Navy Department deed permitting the State to purchase the road was granted by the Attorney General on October 26, 1938.[25] The highway then became signed as State Route 48 until the 1964 renumbering.[16]

Highway upgrading in Vallejo

[edit]
The Lone Toilet on Highway 37 near Sears Point Rd 01

By 1955, talks began about upgrading the highway.[3] After a proposition to turn much of the route into a toll road failed, it was decided a four-lane freeway would be the best decision. However, opposition from residents in surrounding neighborhoods as well as a federal oil embargo only allowed widening of the approach between Fairgrounds Drive and I-80. In 1977, a levee broke and flooded a portion of the developed land, turning it into protected wetlands that is home to endangered species. Because of its new status, environmental studies were needed in order to continue the project.[7]

Soon after, the project was split into different phases[5] to handle problems with particular areas. It was first divided between the newly created marshlands and the section between SR 29 (Sonoma Boulevard) and I-80. With Marine World being relocated, the city was able to the widen the latter section and build an overpass across Fairgrounds Drive in 1992.[7]

"Blood Alley"

[edit]
This section of SR 37 was once known as "Blood Alley" for its rate of fatal accidents

While the Vallejo section of SR 37 was being updated, another problem with the route would hinder its progress. The section between Sears Point and Mare Island was plagued with fatal accidents, earning its nickname of "Blood Alley". Between 1966 and 1970, 27 people lost their lives on it. In a preliminary effort to reduce the fatalities, officials established both a daylight test section, requiring all cars to keep their headlights on during the day, and passing lanes. However, these efforts were ineffective.[26]

In 1993, local resident Jim Poulos campaigned to have a barrier erected after the death of his 18-year-old son, Frankie, on "Blood Alley". At this time, the situation with this stretch only worsened as the death toll between 1990 and 1996 rose to thirty-one. At first, Caltrans thought the barrier would make matters worse since it would be difficult for emergency vehicles to attend to accidents; environmental issues were also cited. Caltrans was waiting for the ability to create a causeway to span the area instead. Poulos continued his campaign despite opposition, and was granted the barrier in 1995. The barrier was not built without controversy, as it also eliminated the passing lanes. However, since the barriers were built, there were no longer any crossover accidents as of 2005.[3]

While the median was built, a few problems needed to be resolved in order for the road to work both safely and in an environmentally friendly way. Emergency personnel needed to quickly access accidents and provide them easy transport to nearby hospitals. To alleviate this problem, Caltrans implemented electric gate technology, which would allow emergency vehicles to cut through certain parts of the median. The other problem was to both protect the plant life and the salt marsh harvest mice residing around the highway. As a result, crews placed timbers and sheeting to protect foliage, and added holes into the median barrier to allow the mice to cross the highway.[27]

White Slough and Sonoma Boulevard interchange

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Display of the various components of the project including the SR 37/SR 29 interchange.

To protect White Slough while still allowing the widening of SR 37, the White Slough Protection and Development Act was passed in 1990.[28] It allowed up to 13 acres of wetlands to be filled but required at least four times as much wetland restoration elsewhere in the Bay Area.[28]

After environmental studies on the White Slough, Caltrans widened and elevated that section of the road and converted it to a freeway. To accommodate bicycles and pedestrians, a cycleway was built along the eastbound side of the freeway. Finally, Caltrans completed the overpass which crossed SR 29, Broadway, and Mini Drive (bypassing Marine World Parkway, three traffic signaled intersections, and a railroad grade crossing). The project was completed in the summer of 2005,[7] and fully open to traffic on August 20.[29]

2019 flooding

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Looking at San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge from SR 37

The highway is increasingly subject to flooding as the 21-mile (34 km) route is near sea level.[30][31] The road was closed for a total of 28 days during the winter of 2016-17.[31]

On the morning of Friday February 15, 2019, the westernmost portion of the westbound highway (between Atherton Ave. and U.S. Route 101) was closed due to flooding caused by a levee break.[32] Marin County declared a state of emergency, and public works crews worked 24 hours a day pumping water and repairing the levee.[33] It was expected to be closed for at least a week,[34] however the highway fully reopened on the morning of Wednesday, February 20, 2019.[35]

Future

[edit]

In 2017, it was estimated that it would cost $4 billion to fix all the flooding, traffic, and other issues along the corridor, and based on transportation funding levels it would take until 2088 to come up with that amount of money.[36][31]

In 2022, California State Senator Bill Dodd introduced new legislation that would make the route a toll road again between Sears Point and at least Mare Island. The proposed law would use the toll revenues to help pay for the flooding and traffic improvements.[37] It has been opposed by a number of commuters, particular Solano county residents who commute west to jobs in Sonoma or Marin counties.[38] In May 2023, the California Transportation Commission unanimously approved a plan to toll both directions, as well as widen the highway from a two-lane road to one with carpool lanes by converting the existing shoulders. The proposed toll in each direction would be half of the toll on the state-owned Bay Area bridges.[39]

Major intersections

[edit]

Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers to an overlap due to a correction or change, and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary (for a full list of prefixes, see California postmile § Official postmile definitions).[1] Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column.

CountyLocationPostmile
[1][40][41][42]		Exit[43]DestinationsNotes
Marin
MRN R11.20-14.62		NovatoR11.20South Novato BoulevardContinuation beyond US 101
US 101 – Santa Rosa, Eureka, San Rafael, San FranciscoWest end of SR 37; US 101 north exit 460A, south exit 460
​Marsh Drive, Hanna Ranch Road
​13.77Atherton Avenue – Black PointEast end of freeway; eastbound entrance is via Harbor Drive
​14.47Harbor DriveInterchange; no eastbound exit
Marin–Sonoma
county line		​14.47
0.00		Petaluma River
Sonoma
SON 0.00-R6.25		Sears Point2.06Lakeville RoadConnects to SR 116 / Petaluma
3.90 SR 121 (Arnold Drive) – Napa, SonomaServes Sonoma Raceway
Sonoma–Solano
county line		​R6.25
R0.00		Sonoma Creek
Solano
SOL R0.00-R12.00		​​Skaggs Island (Skaggs Island Road)Gate into Skaggs Island generally only open during scheduled tours[44][45]
​​West end of freeway
VallejoR7.2117Walnut Avenue – Mare Island
R7.39Mare Island Bridge over Napa River
8.0118Wilson Avenue, Sacramento Street
9.5219 SR 29 (Sonoma Boulevard) – Napa, Downtown Vallejo
10.9620Fairgrounds Drive – Discovery Kingdom
R12.0021 I-80 – Sacramento, San FranciscoEastbound exit and westbound entrance; signed as exits 21A (west) and 21C (east); I-80 east exit 33, west exit 33B
21BAuto Mall – Columbus ParkwayEastbound exit and westbound entrance; east end of SR 37
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
[edit]

Train's 2012 album California 37 is named after State Route 37, with the album cover prominently featuring the route's highway shield.

AFI released a song titled "Rabbits Are Roadkill on Rt. 37" on its 2006 album Decemberunderground.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c California Department of Transportation. "State Truck Route List". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (XLS file) on September 5, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
  2. ^ a b LeBaron, Gaye (September 10, 1995). "The Damp and Difficult History of Highway 37". Santa Rosa Press Democrat. p. A2. Some of Marin's problem was solved in 1917 with the opening of the Black Point Cut-Off, a straight-on stretch of roadway bordering the tidelands from Ignacio on the San Rafael to Santa Rosa north-south road to the little town of Black Point on the Sonoma–Marin county line, connecting with Route 8, (now Highway 121) the road from Napa by way of Schellville, which had been taken into the state system in 1909.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Gafni, Matthias. "'Blood Alley' Dad's crusade curbs carnage". Vallejo Times Herald. ANG Newspapers. Archived from the original on November 21, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  4. ^ "Portion of Highway 37 to be named after Jim Capoot". Vallejo Times Herald. 1 September 2013. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014. Retrieved 10 January 2014.
  5. ^ a b "Caltrans Route 37 Improvements". Archived from the original on February 20, 2007. Retrieved March 2, 2007.
  6. ^ "Route 37 Freeway Draft Environmental Impact Statement". California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on October 2, 2006. Retrieved March 2, 2007.
  7. ^ a b c d Gafni, Matthias. "'Perserverance'[sic] at a high price". Vallejo Times Herald. ANG Newspapers. Archived from the original on November 21, 2006. Retrieved September 24, 2009.
  8. ^ California Department of Transportation; California State Transportation Agency (January 2021). 2020 Named Freeways, Highways, Structures and Other Appurtenances in California (PDF). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. pp. 32, 232, 340. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 10, 2022.
  9. ^ "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  10. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: California (North) (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
    Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: Vallejo, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  11. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  12. ^ "Article 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets & Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  13. ^ California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 15, 2017.
  14. ^ California Streets and Highways Code, Chapter 2, Article 3, Section 635
  15. ^ Road Map of California 1936 (Map). Cartography by Highways Division. State of California Department of Public Works.
  16. ^ a b c Road Map of California 1956 (Map). Cartography by Highways Division. State of California Department of Public Works.
  17. ^ a b "Golden Gate Ferries, Inc". Berkeley Daily Gazette. October 1, 1927. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  18. ^ California State Assembly. "An act...relating to state highways". 1983–1984 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 409.
  19. ^ California State Assembly. "An act to add Section 253 and Article 3 (commencing with Section 300) to Chapter 2 of Division 1 of, and to repeal Section 253 and Article 3 (commencing with Section 300) of Chapter 2 of Division 1 of, the..." 1963 Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 385 p. 1182.
  20. ^ a b "Award Contract on Sears Point Cut-off". Berkeley Daily Gazette. October 1, 1926. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  21. ^ "Ask Showdown on Sears Point Road". Berkeley Daily Gazette. United Press International. November 29, 1932. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  22. ^ "Sears Point Road Status Undecided". Berkeley Daily Press. United Press International. June 17, 1936. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  23. ^ "Sears Point Road Acquisition Aided". Berkeley Daily Gazette. United Press International. October 14, 1938. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  24. ^ "Ask Showdown on Sears Point Road". Berkeley Daily Gazette. United Press International. September 14, 1936. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  25. ^ "Approves Toll Road Purchase". Berkeley Daily Press. United Press International. October 25, 1938. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  26. ^ "'Experimental idea: Daylight Headlight Test fails to return the expected results". Vallejo Times Herald. ANG Newspapers. Archived from the original on November 21, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  27. ^ "Crews improvise to erect Highway 37 median". Vallejo Times Herald. ANG Newspapers. Archived from the original on November 21, 2006. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
  28. ^ a b "California Government Code Section 66670-66682". Archived from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved April 2, 2013.
  29. ^ Cobb, Steve (August 14, 2005). "Route 37 Traffic Switch onto New Alignment Starts Tonight in Vallejo" (PDF) (Press release). California Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 11, 2008.
  30. ^ Alexander, Kurtis (2020-08-05). "Sea level rise to choke Bay Area traffic as far away as Santa Rosa, Napa, study shows". SF Chronicle. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  31. ^ a b c Miller, Craig (2019-04-15). "North Bay's Highway 37 Is Going to Be a Serious Climate Mess". KQED. Retrieved 2019-04-16.
  32. ^ Hollyfield, Amy (2019-02-15). "WB Hwy 37 in Novato closed until Saturday due to flooding". ABC7 San Francisco. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
  33. ^ "Marin County Under State Of Emergency As Crews Work To Stop Flooding On Highway 37". 2019-02-16. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
  34. ^ FOX. "Stretch of Hwy 37 in Marin County expected to be closed a week due to flood damage". KTVU. Retrieved 2019-02-17.
  35. ^ "Westbound Hwy 37 reopens in Novato following closure due to flooding". ABC7 San Francisco. 2019-02-20. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
  36. ^ Richards, Gary (24 May 2017). "Roadshow: Delay in highway fix estimated at … 71 years?". The Mercury News. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  37. ^ Varian, Ethan (27 May 2022). "Highway 37 toll road plan advances in state Senate". The Press Democrat. North Bay Business Journal. Retrieved 17 August 2022.
  38. ^ Johns, Tim (24 April 2023). "New toll could be coming to State Route 37, angering some North Bay commuters". KGO-TV. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  39. ^ Fernández, Abbey; Hernandez, Jodi (18 May 2023). "New Toll Approved for Part of Highway 37 in the North Bay". KNTV-TV. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
  40. ^ California Department of Transportation (July 2007). "Log of Bridges on State Highways". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation.
  41. ^ Staff (2005–2006). "All Traffic Volumes on CSHS". California Department of Transportation.
  42. ^ Staff (2021). "Traffic Volumes: Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT)". California Department of Transportation.
  43. ^ Warring, KS. "Route 37" (PDF). California Numbered Exit Uniform System. California Department of Transportation. Retrieved 4 February 2008.
  44. ^ "Morning Skaggs Island Raptor Tours". San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
  45. ^ "Skaggs Island Raptor Tours". San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Retrieved August 5, 2021.
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