Mantisalca
| Mantisalca | |
|---|---|
| |
| A dagger flower, Mantisalca salmantica, in Albatera Alicante, Spain. | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Subfamily: | Carduoideae |
| Tribe: | Cardueae |
| Subtribe: | Centaureinae |
| Genus: | Mantisalca Cass.[1][2] |
| Type species | |
| Mantisalca salmantica | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Mantisalca is a genus of plants in the tribe Cardueae within the family Asteraceae, it contains six described species.[3][4]
Description
[edit]Annual or biennial herbs growing between 50 cm to 1.3 metres in size.[5][6] Herbage is not spiny.[6]
Morphology
[edit]The stems are erect, strongly branched, longitudinal parallel lines (striate) with wings on stem absent.[5]
Leaves grow around the base (basal) and along the stem (cauline).[6] Leaves are without spines. Basal leaves dissected to the midrib with the leave segments merging (confluent) at the midrib (pinnatisect).[5] Stem leaves sparse, much reduced, very narrow in length with parallel sides (linear) and toothed, with the teeth pointing towards the leaf tip (serrate).[5]
Flower heads are solitary with ray-florets absent and receptacle scales present.[7] Involcural bracts are ovoid to spheric in shape, 10 to 15 mm in diameter.[6] The bracts are in several series, up to eight in number, ending in a short deciduous spines or with a short sharp point (mucronate).[7][6][5]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Mantisalca occurs primarily in northern Africa, southern Europe and Turkey. One species, Mantisalca salmantica, is naturalised in Australia.[5]
Taxonomy
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Mantisalca is the anagram of the type species epithet salmantica.[6]
Species
[edit]- Mantisalca amberboides (Caball.) Maire - Morocco
- Mantisalca cabezudoi E.Ruíz & Devesa
- Mantisalca delestrii Briq. & Cavill. - Morocco, Algeria
- Mantisalca duriaei Briq. & Cavill. - France, Spain, Italy
- Mantisalca salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill. - widespread from Britain + Morocco to Palestine
- Mantisalca spinulosa (Rouy) E.Ruíz & Devesa
Selected hybrids include:
- Mantisalca × castroviejoi E.Ruíz & Devesa
References
[edit]- ^ a b Cassini 1818, p. 142.
- ^ "Plant Name Details for Genus Mantisalca". IPNI. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ Tropicos, Mantisalca Cass.
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Mantisalca includes photos and distribution maps
- ^ a b c d e f Orchard 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f Keil 2006.
- ^ a b Stanley & Ross 1986, p. 587.
- ^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-12-18 at archive.today
- ^ "Query Results for Genus Genus". IPNI. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
- ^ "Name - Mantisalca Cass. subordinate taxa". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
Bibliography
[edit]- Cassini, Henri (1818). Société Philomathique de Paris (ed.). Bulletin des sciences (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Plassan. pp. 141–144.
- Orchard, Anthony E. (2015). Flora of Australia (PDF). Mantisalca. Vol. 37. Melbourne: ABRS/CSIRO. p. 73.
- Keil, David (2006). Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico. Mantisalca. Vol. 19. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 173.
- Stanley, Trevor D.; Ross, Estelle M. (1986). Flora of south-eastern Queensland. Vol. 2. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland Dept. of Primary Industries. ISBN 9780724217601.