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Mammals of Olympic National Park

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Orca

There are at least 9 large terrestrial mammals, 50 small mammals, and 14 marine mammal species known to occur in Olympic National Park.

Species are listed by common name, scientific name, and occurrence.[1][2] Common and scientific names from Washington State Field Guides-Mammals of Washington.[3]

Legend

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Large mammals

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Black bear

Order: Carnivora, Family: Ursidae

Occurrence: Forests, slide areas, alpine meadows - C

The American black bear (Ursus americanus) is North America's smallest and most common species of bear. It is a generalist animal, being able to exploit numerous different habitats and foodstuffs. The American black bear is listed by the IUCN as least concern, due to the species widespread distribution and a large global population estimated to be twice that of all other bear species combined.[4]

Bobcat

Order: Carnivora, Family: Felidae

Occurrence: Open forests, brushy areas - C

The bobcat (Lynx rufus) is a North American mammal of the cat family, Felidae. With twelve recognized subspecies, it ranges from southern Canada to northern Mexico, including most of the continental United States. The bobcat is an adaptable predator that inhabits wooded areas, as well as semi-desert, urban edge, forest edges and swampland environments. It persists in much of its original range and populations are healthy.

Cougar

Order: Carnivora, Family: Felidae

Occurrence: Coniferous forests - C

The cougar (Puma concolor), also known as puma, mountain lion, mountain cat, catamount or panther, depending on the region, is a mammal of the family Felidae, native to the Americas. This large, solitary cat has the greatest range of any large wild terrestrial mammal in the Western Hemisphere, extending from Yukon in Canada to the southern Andes of South America. An adaptable, generalist species, the cougar is found in every major American habitat type. It is the second heaviest cat in the American continents after the jaguar. Although large, the cougar is most closely related to smaller felines.

Coyote

Order: Carnivora, Family: Canidae

Occurrence: Forests, grasslands - C

The coyote (/kˈt/ or /ˈk.t/)[5] (Canis latrans), also known as the American jackal or the prairie wolf,[6] is a species of canid found throughout North and Central America, ranging from Panama in the south, north through Mexico, the United States and Canada. It occurs as far north as Alaska and all but the Arctic portions of Canada.[7]

The subspecies Roosevelt elk (Cervus canadensis roosevelti) occurs in the park.

Elk

Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Cervidae

Occurrence: Open forests, meadows - C

The elk, or wapiti (Cervus canadensis), is one of the largest species of deer in the world and one of the largest mammals in North America and eastern Asia. In the deer family (Cervidae), only the moose, Alces alces (called an "elk" in Europe), is larger, and Cervus unicolor (the sambar deer) can rival the C. canadensis elk in size. Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat, feeding on grasses, plants, leaves, and bark.

The mountain goat is an introduced species within the park. The park and Forest Service are undertaking projects to relocate mountain goats to the Cascade mountains.[8][9]

Mountain goat

Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Bovidae

Occurrence: High peaks and meadows - CL, I

The mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), also known as the Rocky Mountain goat, is a large-hoofed mammal found only in North America. Despite its vernacular name, it is not a member of Capra, the genus of true goats. It resides at high elevations and is a sure-footed climber, often resting on rocky cliffs that predators cannot reach.

Black-tailed deer

The black-tailed deer sub-species (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) is found in the park.

Order: Artiodactyla, Family: Cervidae

Occurrence: Open forests, meadows, often at high elevations - C

The mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) is a deer whose habitat is in the western half of North America. It gets its name from its large mule-like ears. Adult male mule deer are called bucks, adult females are called does, and young of both sexes are called fawns. The black-tailed deer is considered by some a distinct species though it is classified as a subspecies of the mule deer. Unlike its cousin, the white-tailed deer, mule deer are generally more associated with the land west of the Missouri River. The most noticeable differences between whitetails and mule deer are the color of their tails and configuration of their antlers. The mule deer's tail is black tipped.

Although native to the park, the gray wolf was extirpated from the park in the 19th century.

Order: Carnivora, Family: Canidae

Occurrence: Coniferous forests - E

Northwestern wolf is a subspecies of a gray wolf or grey wolf (Canis lupus), often known simply as the wolf which is the largest wild member of the family Canidae. It is an ice age survivor originating during the Late Pleistocene around 300,000 years ago.[10] DNA sequencing and genetic drift studies reaffirm that the gray wolf shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris). Although certain aspects of this conclusion have been questioned, the main body of evidence confirms it. A number of other gray wolf subspecies have been identified, though the actual number of subspecies is still open to discussion. Gray wolves are typically apex predators in the ecosystems they occupy.

The red fox is an introduced species within the park.

Red fox kits

Order: Carnivora, Family: Canidae

Occurrence: Grasslands, open forest - R, I

The red fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a small canid native to much of North America and Eurasia, as well as northern Africa. It is the most recognizable species of fox and in many areas it is referred to simply as "the fox". As its name suggests, its fur is predominantly reddish-brown, but there is a naturally occurring grey morph known as the "silver" fox. The red fox is by far the most widespread and abundant species of fox, found in almost every single habitat in the Northern Hemisphere, from the coastal marshes of United States, to the alpine tundras of Tibetan Plateau.

Small mammals

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Raccoons

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Order: Carnivora Family: Procyonidae

  • Raccoon, Procyon lotor, Open forests, stream bottoms - C

Badgers and weasels

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Short-tailed weasel

Order: Carnivora Family: Mustelidae

Skunks

Skunks

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Order: Carnivora Family: Mephitidae

Hares and rabbits

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Snowshoe hare

Order: Lagomorpha Family: Leporidae

Shrews

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Masked shrew

Order: Soricomorpha Family: Soricidae

Moles

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Order: Soricomorpha Family: Talpidae

  • American shrew-mole, Neurotrichus gibbsii, damp forested or bushy areas - CL
  • Townsend's mole, Scapanus townsendii, open lowland and wooded areas - A
    • Snow mole, Scapanus townsendii olympicus is one subspecies found in the park -- CL, EN
  • Coast mole, Scapanus orarius, forested and open areas with moist soils - C

Beaver

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Order: Rodentia Family: Castoridae

  • Beaver, Castor canadensis, ponds, streams, lakes - CL

Family: Aplodontiidae

Squirrels

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Douglas squirrel

Order: Rodentia Family: Sciuridae

Pocket gophers

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Order: Rodentia Family: Geomyidae

Rats

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Order: Rodentia Family: Muridae

Mice

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Order: Rodentia Family: Cricetidae

  • Keen's mouse, Peromyscus keeni, forests, grasslands, alpine meadows - C

Jumping mice

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Order: Rodentia Family: Dipodidae

Muskrats, voles and woodrats

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Muskrat

Order: Rodentia Family: Cricetidae

Porcupines

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Order: Rodentia Family: Erethizontidae

Bats

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Big brown bat

Order: Chiroptera Family: Vespertilionidae

Marine mammals

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The coastal portion of Olympic National Park contains 73 miles (117 km) of Pacific Ocean shoreline and abuts the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary.[12] The following marine mammals are found in the waters off the beaches of the coastal section of the park.

Further reading

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  • Ingles, L.G. (1965). Mammals of the Pacific States: California, Oregon, Washington. Stanford University.
  • Eder, Tamara (2002). Mammals of Washington and Oregon. Lone Pine Publishing. ISBN 1-55105-337-3.
  • Dalquest, Walter Woelber (1948). Mammals of Washington. University of Kansas Press.

Notes

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  1. ^ "Olympic National Park-Terrestrial Mammal Species List". National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
  2. ^ "Olympic National Park-Marine Mammal Species List". National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
  3. ^ "Mammals of Washington". The Burke Museum of Natural History-University of Washington. Archived from the original on 2012-01-04. Retrieved 2011-12-12.
  4. ^ Garshelis, D.L.; Crider, D. & van Manen, F. (2008). "Ursus americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2009.
  5. ^ coyote - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  6. ^ prairie wolf. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07 Archived 2008-10-16 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ "Canis latrans". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
  8. ^ Michelle Lou. "The government is blindfolding mountain goats to fly them back to their native habitat in Washington". CNN. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  9. ^ "Mountain Goat Capture and Translocation - Olympic National Park (U.S. National Park Service)". National Park Service. Retrieved 2019-08-19.
  10. ^ Nowak, R. 1992. Wolves: The great travelers of evolution. International Wolf 2(4):3 - 7.
  11. ^ "Fisher Reintroduction - Olympic National Park (U.S. National Park Service)".
  12. ^ "Olympic National Park-Coastal ecosystem". National Park Service. Retrieved 2011-12-25.