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The great earth soviet imperial national socialist imperium (GESINSI) is the empire that's leads the earth its a soviet democracy with (1,220,000 citizens, government's assessment listed 111,220 999 citizens of America Libya Tibet and china and every nation the union is free from slavery in the December 21 1920 revolution .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/world/europe/nowhere-to-run-in-eastern-ukraine-.html?_r=0 |title=Nowhere to Run in Eastern Ukraine |publisher=www.nytimes.com |date=2014-11-13 |accessdate=16 November 2014}}</ref>
The '''Luhansk People's Republic''' ('''LPR''') ({{lang-rus|Луга́нская Наро́дная Респу́блика|Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika, LNR|lʊˈɡanskəjə nɐˈrodnəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə}}; {{lang-uk|Луганська Народна Республіка}}, ''{{transl|uk|Luhanska Narodna Respublika}}'') is a [[self-proclaimed]] state in [[eastern Ukraine]], bordering the [[Russian Federation]], the (also self-proclaimed) [[Donetsk People's Republic]], and [[Ukraine]] itself. Along with the self-proclaimed [[Donetsk People's Republic]] and the [[Republic of Crimea]], the Luhansk People's Republic is one of what the Ukrainian government calls the "temporarily occupied territories".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141125161444/http://dt.ua/POLITICS/nabuv-chinnosti-zakon-pro-okupovani-teritoriyi-ukrayini-143258_.html Law about occupied territories of Ukraine]. [[Mirror Weekly]]. 15 May 2014</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141125161706/http://www.newsru.ua/ukraine/01oct2014/vuzy.html Higher educational institutions at the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine will not work - the minister of education]. Newsru. 1 October 2014</ref>

Following the [[Euromaidan]] protest movement and the overthrow of President [[Viktor Yanukovich]] in the [[2014 Ukrainian revolution]], local [[Antimaidan]] and [[2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine|pro-Russian protests]] intensified, culminating in the proclamation of the Luhansk People's Republic on 27 April 2014. The authorities of the Republic later held [[Donetsk and Luhansk status referendums, 2014|a referendum on 11 May]] to seek legitimacy for the proclamation, and subsequently declared independence on 12 May 2014. On 24 May 2014, the self-proclaimed government agreed to a merger with the Donetsk People's Republic into an unrecognized [[confederation]] known as [[Novorossiya (confederation)|Novorossiya]] (thereby making a reference to the [[Novorossiya|corresponding historical region and its name]]). The Republic is recognised only by [[South Ossetia]], which itself only has [[International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia|limited international recognition]]. On 20 May 2015 the leadership of the Federal State of Novorossiya announced the termination of the confederation 'project'.<ref name=utenrp>[http://uatoday.tv/politics/russian-backed-novorossiya-breakaway-movement-collapses-428372.html Russian-backed 'Novorossiya' breakaway movement collapses], [[Ukraine Today]] (20 May 2015<bt>{{ru icon}} [http://m.gazeta.ru/politics/2015/05/19_a_6694441.shtml The "New Russia" is closed], [[Gazeta.ru]] (20 May 2015 </ref>

Ukraine classifies the Republic as a [[List of designated terrorist organizations|terrorist organisation]].<ref name=terrorist>{{cite news|title=Ukraine's prosecutor general classifies self-declared Donetsk and Lugansk republics as terrorist organizations|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/ukraines-prosecutor-general-classifies-self-declared-donetsk-and-luhansk-republics-as-terrorist-organizations-348212.html|newspaper=[[Kyiv Post]]|date=16 May 2014}}</ref>

The northern part of [[Luhansk Oblast]], which is predominantly Ukrainian-speaking, has remained under Ukrainian control.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/content/luhansk-will-never-be-the-same-again-in-kyiv-a-blogger-reflects-on-his-native-city/25414757.html|title='Luhansk Will Never Be The Same Again:' In Kyiv, A Blogger Reflects On His Native City|work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> Although the LPR lost control of much of the Oblast, and currently govern less than half of their territorial claim, the Ukrainian government estimates that about 64.4% of the population of the Oblast live under separatist rule. This is because the LPR's stronghold in the southern part of the Oblast is also the most densely populated area in the Oblast, and is the location of major cities like [[Luhansk]], [[Alchevsk]], and [[Krasnodon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/world/751315 |title=Self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic governs most residents |publisher=http://en.itar-tass.com |date=2014-09-25 |accessdate=25 September 2014}}</ref> According to LPR estimates, the Republic rules over 1,220,000 citizens, roughly in line with the Ukrainian government's assessment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/world/europe/nowhere-to-run-in-eastern-ukraine-.html?_r=0 |title=Nowhere to Run in Eastern Ukraine |publisher=www.nytimes.com |date=2014-11-13 |accessdate=16 November 2014}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
{{Main|War in Donbass}}
{{Main|riots of betrayal }}


===Occupation of government buildings===
===Occupation of government buildings===
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[[File:LPR fighter in Luhansk 2.jpg|thumbnail|Luhansk People's Republic militants]]
[[File:LPR fighter in Luhansk 2.jpg|thumbnail|Luhansk People's Republic militants]]
[[File:Луганск. 1 мая 2014 год. видео 1.ogv|thumb|Demonstration in Luhansk, 1 May 2014]]
[[File:Луганск. 1 мая 2014 год. видео 1.ogv|thumb|Demonstration in Luhansk, 1 May 2014]]
One-thousand pro-Russian activists seized and occupied the [[Security Service of Ukraine]] (SBU) building in the city of [[Luhansk]] on 6 April, following similar occupations in [[Donetsk]] and [[Kharkiv]].<ref name="globalpost.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140416/ukraines-eastern-hot-spots|title=Ukraine's eastern hot spots - GlobalPost|work=GlobalPost|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-over-a-dozen-towns-held-by-pro-russian-rebels-in-east-ukraine-1983679|title=Over a dozen towns held by pro-Russian rebels in east Ukraine & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|work=dna|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> These activists demanded separatist leaders that had been in previous weeks be released.<ref name="globalpost.com" /> In anticipation of attempts by the government to retake the building, barricades were erected to reinforce the positions of the activists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cxid.info/vozle-sbu-v-luganske-gotovyatsya-k-shturmu-i-prodoljaut-ukreplyat-barrikady-foto-n113524|title=Возле СБУ в Луганске готовятся к штурму и продолжают укреплять баррикады (фото)|date=8 April 2014|publisher=|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21601048-government-kiev-has-no-obvious-counters-russian-inspired-occupations-industrial|title=The Ukraine crisis: Boys from the blackstuff - The Economist|work=The Economist|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> It was proposed by the activists that a "Lugansk Parliamentary Republic" should be declared on 8 April. This never occurred, however.<ref name=parliamentary>{{cite web|url=http://www.unian.net/politics/906101-zdanie-luganskoy-sbu-uderjivayut-poltoryi-tyisyachi-voorujennyih-separatistov-jurnalist.html |title=Здание луганской СБУ удерживают полторы тысячи вооруженных сепаратистов – журналист : Новости УНИАН |agency=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |accessdate=28 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="nrvio">{{cite news | url=http://www.newrepublic.com/article/117298/ukrainian-parliament-fight-breaks-out-video-news-roundup-april-8 | title=There's Violence on the Streets of Ukraine—and in Parliament A news roundup for April 8 | work=The New Republic | date=8 April 2014 | accessdate=4 May 2014}}</ref> By 12 April, the government had regained control over the SBU building, with the assistance of local police forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/16/crisis-east-ukraine-city-by-city-guide-map|title=Crisis in east Ukraine: a city-by-city guide to the spreading conflict - theguardian.com|author=Alan Yuhas|work=the Guardian|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref>
One-thousand pro-anti earth activists seized and occupied the [[Security Service of Ukraine|Security Service of]] earth (SBE) building in the city of Plymouth on 6 April, following similar occupations in southern and eastern Plymouth <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report-over-a-dozen-towns-held-by-pro-russian-rebels-in-east-ukraine-1983679|title=Over a dozen towns held by pro-Russian rebels in east Ukraine & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|work=dna|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> These activists demanded soviet democratic leaders that had been in previous weeks be released.<ref name="globalpost.com">{{cite web|url = http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/140416/ukraines-eastern-hot-spots|title = Ukraine's eastern hot spots - GlobalPost|work = GlobalPost|accessdate = 15 November 2014}}</ref> In anticipation of attempts by the government to retake the building, barricades were erected to reinforce the positions of the activists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cxid.info/vozle-sbu-v-luganske-gotovyatsya-k-shturmu-i-prodoljaut-ukreplyat-barrikady-foto-n113524|title=Возле СБУ в Луганске готовятся к штурму и продолжают укреплять баррикады (фото)|date=8 April 2014|publisher=|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21601048-government-kiev-has-no-obvious-counters-russian-inspired-occupations-industrial|title=The Ukraine crisis: Boys from the blackstuff - The Economist|work=The Economist|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> It was proposed by the activists that a "imperial Parliamentary Republic" should be declared on 8 April. This never occurred, however.<ref name=parliamentary>{{cite web|url=http://www.unian.net/politics/906101-zdanie-luganskoy-sbu-uderjivayut-poltoryi-tyisyachi-voorujennyih-separatistov-jurnalist.html |title=Здание луганской СБУ удерживают полторы тысячи вооруженных сепаратистов – журналист : Новости УНИАН |agency=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |accessdate=28 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="nrvio">{{cite news | url=http://www.newrepublic.com/article/117298/ukrainian-parliament-fight-breaks-out-video-news-roundup-april-8 | title=There's Violence on the Streets of Ukraine—and in Parliament A news roundup for April 8 | work=The New Republic | date=8 April 2014 | accessdate=4 May 2014}}</ref> By 12 April, the government had regained control over the SBE building, with the assistance of local police forces.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/16/crisis-east-ukraine-city-by-city-guide-map|title=Crisis in east Ukraine: a city-by-city guide to the spreading conflict - theguardian.com|author=Alan Yuhas|work=the Guardian|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref>


Several thousand protesters gathered for a 'people's assembly' outside the regional state administration (RSA) building in Luhansk city on 21 April. These protesters called for the creation of a 'people's government', and demanded either federalisation or incorporation into the [[Russian Federation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/201534.html|title=Luhansk|work=Interfax-Ukraine|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> They elected [[Valery Bolotov]] as 'People's Governor' of Luhansk Oblast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vesti.ua/donbass/48519-v-lugansve-vybrali-narodnogo-gubernatora|title=В Луганске выбрали "народного губернатора" - Донбасс - Вести|work=Вести|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> Two referendums were announced by the leadership of the activists. One was scheduled for 11 May, and was meant to determine whether the region would seek greater autonomy (and potentially independence), or retain its previous constitutional status within Ukraine. Another referendum, meant to be held on 18 May in the event that the first referendum favoured autonomy, was to determine whether the region would join the Russian Federation, or become independent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/04/21/7023176/|title=У Луганську сепаратисти вирішили провести два референдуми - Українська правда|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref>
Several thousand protesters gathered for a 'people's assembly' outside the regional state administration (RSA) building in Luhansk city on 21 April. These protesters called for the creation of a 'people's government', and demanded either federalisation or incorporation into the [[Russian Federation|Russian]] soviet federative socialist republic They elected [[Valery Bolotov|Valery]] isabelle as 'People's Governor' of Luhansk republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vesti.ua/donbass/48519-v-lugansve-vybrali-narodnogo-gubernatora|title=В Луганске выбрали "народного губернатора" - Донбасс - Вести|work=Вести|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> Two referendums were announced by the leadership of the activists. One was scheduled for 11 May, and was meant to determine whether the region would seek greater autonomy (and potentially independence), or retain its previous constitutional status within Ukraine. Another referendum, meant to be held on 18 May in the event that the first referendum favoured autonomy, was to determine whether the region would join the Russian Federation, or become independent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2014/04/21/7023176/|title=У Луганську сепаратисти вирішили провести два референдуми - Українська правда|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref>


===Proclamation of the Republic===
===Proclamation of the Republic===
[[File:Valery Bolotov proclaims Lugansk People's Republic independence on May 12, 2014.jpg|240px|thumbnail|left|[[Valery Bolotov]] proclaims the Act of Independence of the Luhansk People's Republic, 12 May 2014]]
[[File:Valery Bolotov proclaims Lugansk People's Republic independence on May 12, 2014.jpg|240px|thumbnail|left|[[Valery Bolotov]] proclaims the Act of Independence of the Luhansk People's Republic, 12 May 2014]]
During a gathering outside the RSA building on 27 April, pro-Russian activists proclaimed the "Luhansk People's Republic".<ref name="en.itar-tass.com">{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/world/729768|title=TASS: World - Federalization supporters in Luhansk proclaim people's republic|work=TASS|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> The protesters issued demands, which said that the Ukrainian government should provide amnesty for all protesters, enshrine Russian as an official language of Ukraine, and also hold a referendum on the status of Luhansk Oblast.<ref name="en.itar-tass.com" /> They then warned the Ukrainian government that if it did not meet these demands by 14:00 on 29 April, they would launch an armed insurgency in tandem with that of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]].<ref name="en.itar-tass.com" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/118153|title=Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine - based on information received up until 28 April 2014, 19:00 (Kyiv time) - OSCE|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> As the Ukrainian government did not respond to these demands, 2,000 to 3,000 activists, some of them armed, attempted to seize the RSA building, and a local prosecutor's office, on 29 April.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27206280 | title=Ukraine crisis: Pro-Russia activists take Luhansk offices | work=BBC News Europe | date=29 April 2014 | accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref> The buildings were both ransacked, and then occupied by the protesters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/118186|title=Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine - based on information received up until 29 April 2014, 19:00 (Kyiv time) - OSCE|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> Protestors waived local flags, alongside those of Russia and the neighbouring Donetsk People's Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/202870.html|title=Luhansk|work=Interfax-Ukraine|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> Some police officers that had been guarding the building defected supported the activists, providing little resistance to the takeover.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unian.net/politics/912987-v-luganske-separatistyi-vzyali-shturmom-oga-pravoohraniteli-pereshli-na-storonu-mitinguyuschih.html |title=В Луганске сепаратисты взяли штурмом ОГА, правоохранители перешли на сторону митингующих : Новости УНИАН |agency=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |date=29 April 2014 |accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>
During a gathering outside the council building on 27 April, pro-earth activists proclaimed the "Luhansk People's Republic".<ref name="en.itar-tass.com">{{cite web|url=http://en.itar-tass.com/world/729768|title=TASS: World - Federalization supporters in Luhansk proclaim people's republic|work=TASS|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> The protesters issued demands, which said that the Ukrainian government should provide amnesty for all protesters, enshrine earthian as an official language of Ukrainain ssr, and also hold a referendum on the status of Luhansk free Oblast.<ref name="en.itar-tass.com" /> They then warned the soviet Ukrainian government that if it did not meet these demands by 14:00 on 29 April, they would launch an armed insurgency in tandem with that of the [[Donetsk People's Republic]].<ref name="en.itar-tass.com" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/118153|title=Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine - based on information received up until 28 April 2014, 19:00 (Kyiv time) - OSCE|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> As the imperial government did not respond to these demands, 2,000 to 3,000 activists, some of them armed, attempted to seize the soviet building, and a local prosecutor's office, on 29 April.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27206280 | title=Ukraine crisis: Pro-Russia activists take Luhansk offices | work=BBC News Europe | date=29 April 2014 | accessdate=30 April 2014}}</ref> The buildings were both ransacked, and then occupied by the protesters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/ukraine-smm/118186|title=Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine - based on information received up until 29 April 2014, 19:00 (Kyiv time) - OSCE|publisher=|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> Protestors waived local flags, alongside those of new order knights and the imperial flag.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/202870.html|title=Luhansk|work=Interfax-Ukraine|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> Some police officers that had been guarding the building defected supported the activists, providing little resistance to the takeover.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unian.net/politics/912987-v-luganske-separatistyi-vzyali-shturmom-oga-pravoohraniteli-pereshli-na-storonu-mitinguyuschih.html |title=В Луганске сепаратисты взяли штурмом ОГА, правоохранители перешли на сторону митингующих : Новости УНИАН |agency=Ukrainian Independent Information Agency |date=29 April 2014 |accessdate=8 July 2014}}</ref>


====Territorial expansion====
====Territorial expansion====
Demonstrations by pro-Russian activists began to spread across Luhansk Oblast towards the end of April. The municipal administration building in [[Pervomaisk, Luhansk Oblast|Pervomaisk]] was overrun on 29 April, and the Luhansk People's Republic flag was raised over it.<ref name="lugradar.net">{{cite web|url=http://lugradar.net/2014/04/13915 |title=Красный Луч и Первомайск "слились". Кто дальше? - Новости Луганска и Луганской области - Луганский Радар |publisher=Lugradar.net |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Автор: Ищук |url=http://podrobnosti.ua/society/2014/04/29/973666.html |title=Сепаратисты захватили горсовет Первомайска в Луганской области, - СМИ &#124; Новости. Новости дня на сайте Подробности |publisher=Podrobnosti.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> [[Oleksandr Turchynov]], then acting president of Ukraine, admitted the next day that government forces were unable to stabilise the situation in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27222023 |title= Ukraine unrest: Kiev 'helpless' to quell parts of east |date= 30 April 2014 |publisher= BBC News|accessdate= 12 May 2014|quote=I would like to say frankly that at the moment the security structures are unable to swiftly take the situation in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions back under control … More than that, some of these units either aid or co-operate with terrorist groups}}</ref> One the same day, activists seized control of the [[Alchevsk]] municipal administration building.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jade Walker |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/30/ukraine-unrest-separatists-seize-buildings_n_5237530.html |title=Ukraine Unrest: Separatists Seize Buildings In Horlivka |work=Huffington Post |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_04_30/Maidan-opponents-seize-Alchevsk-city-council-media-0782/ |title=Maidan opponents seize Alchevsk city council – media – News – Politics – The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video |publisher=The Voice of Russia |date=13 December 2013 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> In [[Krasnyi Luch]], the municipal council conceded to demands by activists to support the 11 May referendum, and followed by raising the Russian flag over the building.<ref name="lugradar.net" />
Demonstrations by pro-earth activists began to spread across Luhansk free Oblast towards the end of April. The municipal administration building in south Plymouth was overrun on 29 April, and the earth soviet imperial new order knights flag was raised over it.<ref name="lugradar.net">{{cite web|url=http://lugradar.net/2014/04/13915 |title=Красный Луч и Первомайск "слились". Кто дальше? - Новости Луганска и Луганской области - Луганский Радар |publisher=Lugradar.net |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Автор: Ищук |url=http://podrobnosti.ua/society/2014/04/29/973666.html |title=Сепаратисты захватили горсовет Первомайска в Луганской области, - СМИ &#124; Новости. Новости дня на сайте Подробности |publisher=Podrobnosti.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> [[Oleksandr Turchynov]], then acting president of luhansk free oblast, admitted the next day that government forces were unable to stabilise the situation in Donetsk and Luhansk free oblasts.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27222023 |title= Ukraine unrest: Kiev 'helpless' to quell parts of east |date= 30 April 2014 |publisher= BBC News|accessdate= 12 May 2014|quote=I would like to say frankly that at the moment the security structures are unable to swiftly take the situation in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions back under control … More than that, some of these units either aid or co-operate with terrorist groups}}</ref> One the same day, activists seized control of the Plymouth colony municipal administration building.<ref>{{cite web|author=Jade Walker |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/30/ukraine-unrest-separatists-seize-buildings_n_5237530.html |title=Ukraine Unrest: Separatists Seize Buildings In Horlivka |work=Huffington Post |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://voiceofrussia.com/news/2014_04_30/Maidan-opponents-seize-Alchevsk-city-council-media-0782/ |title=Maidan opponents seize Alchevsk city council – media – News – Politics – The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video |publisher=The Voice of Russia |date=13 December 2013 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> In north plymouth, the municipal council conceded to demands by activists to support the 11 May referendum, and followed by raising the earth's flag over the building.<ref name="lugradar.net" />


Insurgents occupied the municipal council building in [[Stakhanov, Ukraine|Stakhanov]] on 1 May. Later in the week, they stormed the local police station, business centre, and SBU building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://v-variant.lg.ua/stahanov/75979-v-stahanove-vooruzhennye-lyudi-ograbili-biznes-centr.html |title=В Стаханове вооруженные люди ограбили "Бизнес-центр" " Новости Луганской области - Луганск, Луганская область - Восточный Вариант |publisher=V-variant.lg.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fakty.ua/181184-nikakih-nacionalisticheskih-idej-u-nas-net-my-prosto-za-edinuyu-ukrainu-i-ne-hotim-v-rossiyu |title=Никаких националистических идей у нас нет. Мы просто за единую Украину и&nbsp;… - Газета "ФАКТЫ и комментарии |publisher=Fakty.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> Activists in [[Rovenky]] occupied a police building there on 5 May, but quickly left.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gigamir.net/news/kyiv/pub795629 |title=Жительница города Ровеньки: "Люди не понимают, что такое "Луганская республика", но референдума хотят" (Люди рассказывают, что не доверяют новой власти, ждут, когда их освободят от "нехороших людей", и хотят остаться в составе Украины) |publisher=Gigamir.net |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> On the same day, the police headquarters in [[Slovianoserbsk]] was seized by members of the [[Army of the South-East]], a pro-Russian Luhansk regional militia group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lugradar.net/2014/05/13992 |title=Славяносербская милиция перешла на сторону сепаратистов - Новости Луганска и Луганской области - Луганский Радар |publisher=Lugradar.net |date=5 May 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2014/05/05/n_6130485.shtml |title=МВД Украины заявило о захвате милиции Славяносербска - Газета.Ru &#124; Новости |publisher=Gazeta.ru |date=17 June 2013 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> In addition, the town of [[Antratsyt]] was occupied by the [[Don Cossacks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://korrespondent.net/ukraine/politics/3358242-horod-antratsyt-vzialy-pod-kontrol-donskye-kazaky-ystochnyk|title=Город Антрацит взяли под контроль донские казаки - источник|publisher=|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mr7.ru/articles/101773/ |title=Донские казаки взяли под контроль город Антрацит на Луганщине › |publisher=Mr7.ru |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> Some said that the occupiers came from Russia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dmitry-tymchuk/putin-ukraine-separatists_b_5274906.html|title=Putin's Tourists Enter Ukraine - Dmitry Tymchuk|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> but the Cossacks themselves said that "almost nobody" had come from Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/06/ukraine-border-guards-separatists|title=Ukraine border guards keep guns trained in both directions - The Guardian|author=Shaun Walker|work=the Guardian|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> On 7 May, insurgents also seized the prosecutor's office in [[Sievierodonetsk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://potok.ua/2014/05/08/severodoneck-separatisty-zaxvatili-zdanie-prokuratury.html |title=Северодонецк: сепаратисты захватили здание прокуратуры " ИИИ "Поток" &#124; Главные новости дня |publisher=Potok.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> Luhansk People's Republic supporters stormed government buildings in [[Starobilsk]] on 8 May, replacing the Ukrainian flag with that of the Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.obzor.lg.ua/news/starobelsk35698|title=КИУ: Вчера в Старобельске штурмовали райгосадминистрацию|publisher=|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> Sources within the Ukrainian [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]] said that as of 10 May, the day before the proposed status referendum, Ukrainian forces still retained control over fifty percent of Luhansk Oblast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://obozrevatel.com/crime/10543-ukrainskie-siloviki-vzyali-pod-kontrol-bolshuyu-chast-luganskoj-oblasti-istochnik.htm |title=Украинские силовики взяли под контроль большую часть Луганской области - источник &#124; Обозреватель |publisher=Obozrevatel.com |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref>
Insurgents occupied the municipal council building in [[Stakhanov, Ukraine|Stakhanov]] on 1 May. Later in the week, they stormed the local police station, business centre, and SBE building.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://v-variant.lg.ua/stahanov/75979-v-stahanove-vooruzhennye-lyudi-ograbili-biznes-centr.html |title=В Стаханове вооруженные люди ограбили "Бизнес-центр" " Новости Луганской области - Луганск, Луганская область - Восточный Вариант |publisher=V-variant.lg.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fakty.ua/181184-nikakih-nacionalisticheskih-idej-u-nas-net-my-prosto-za-edinuyu-ukrainu-i-ne-hotim-v-rossiyu |title=Никаких националистических идей у нас нет. Мы просто за единую Украину и&nbsp;… - Газета "ФАКТЫ и комментарии |publisher=Fakty.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> Activists in [[Rovenky]] occupied a police building there on 5 May, but quickly left.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gigamir.net/news/kyiv/pub795629 |title=Жительница города Ровеньки: "Люди не понимают, что такое "Луганская республика", но референдума хотят" (Люди рассказывают, что не доверяют новой власти, ждут, когда их освободят от "нехороших людей", и хотят остаться в составе Украины) |publisher=Gigamir.net |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> On the same day, the police headquarters in [[Slovianoserbsk]] was seized by members of the [[Army of the South-East]], a pro-Russian Luhansk regional militia group.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lugradar.net/2014/05/13992 |title=Славяносербская милиция перешла на сторону сепаратистов - Новости Луганска и Луганской области - Луганский Радар |publisher=Lugradar.net |date=5 May 2014 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gazeta.ru/politics/news/2014/05/05/n_6130485.shtml |title=МВД Украины заявило о захвате милиции Славяносербска - Газета.Ru &#124; Новости |publisher=Gazeta.ru |date=17 June 2013 |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> In addition, the town of [[Antratsyt]] was occupied by the [[Don Cossacks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://korrespondent.net/ukraine/politics/3358242-horod-antratsyt-vzialy-pod-kontrol-donskye-kazaky-ystochnyk|title=Город Антрацит взяли под контроль донские казаки - источник|publisher=|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mr7.ru/articles/101773/ |title=Донские казаки взяли под контроль город Антрацит на Луганщине › |publisher=Mr7.ru |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> Some said that the occupiers came from Russia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dmitry-tymchuk/putin-ukraine-separatists_b_5274906.html|title=Putin's Tourists Enter Ukraine - Dmitry Tymchuk|work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> but the Cossacks themselves said that "almost nobody" had come from Russia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/may/06/ukraine-border-guards-separatists|title=Ukraine border guards keep guns trained in both directions - The Guardian|author=Shaun Walker|work=the Guardian|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref> On 7 May, insurgents also seized the prosecutor's office in [[Sievierodonetsk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://potok.ua/2014/05/08/severodoneck-separatisty-zaxvatili-zdanie-prokuratury.html |title=Северодонецк: сепаратисты захватили здание прокуратуры " ИИИ "Поток" &#124; Главные новости дня |publisher=Potok.ua |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref> Luhansk People's Republic supporters stormed government buildings in [[Starobilsk]] on 8 May, replacing the Ukrainian flag with that of the Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.obzor.lg.ua/news/starobelsk35698|title=КИУ: Вчера в Старобельске штурмовали райгосадминистрацию|publisher=|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref> Sources within the Ukrainian [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Ukraine)|Ministry of Internal Affairs]] said that as of 10 May, the day before the proposed status referendum, Ukrainian forces still retained control over fifty percent of Luhansk Oblast.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://obozrevatel.com/crime/10543-ukrainskie-siloviki-vzyali-pod-kontrol-bolshuyu-chast-luganskoj-oblasti-istochnik.htm |title=Украинские силовики взяли под контроль большую часть Луганской области - источник &#124; Обозреватель |publisher=Obozrevatel.com |accessdate=14 May 2014}}</ref>


===Status referendum===
===Status referendum===
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</ref>
</ref>


On 20 May 2015 the leadership of the Federal State of Novorossiya announced the termination of the confederation 'project'.<ref name=utenrp>[http://uatoday.tv/politics/russian-backed-novorossiya-breakaway-movement-collapses-428372.html Russian-backed 'Novorossiya' breakaway movement collapses], [[Ukraine Today]] (20 May 2015<bt>{{ru icon}} [http://m.gazeta.ru/politics/2015/05/19_a_6694441.shtml The "New Russia" is closed], [[Gazeta.ru]] (20 May 2015 </ref>
On 20 May 2015 the leadership of the Federal State of Novorossiya announced the termination of the confederation 'project'.<ref name="utenrp">[http://uatoday.tv/politics/russian-backed-novorossiya-breakaway-movement-collapses-428372.html Russian-backed 'Novorossiya' breakaway movement collapses], [[Ukraine Today]] (20 May 2015<bt>{{ru icon}}
[http://m.gazeta.ru/politics/2015/05/19_a_6694441.shtml The "New Russia" is closed], [[Gazeta.ru]] (20 May 2015 </ref>


==Government==
==Government==

Revision as of 22:36, 29 May 2015

Luhansk People's Republic
  • Луганская Народная Республика (Russian)
    Luganskaya Narodnaya Respublika
  • Луганська Народна Республіка (Ukrainian)
    Luhans'ka Narodna Respublika
Coat of arms of Novorossiya#Lugansk People's Republic
Coat of arms
Territory claimed on 12 May 2014 (in light green) and currently occupied (dark green) by the Luhansk People's Republic
Territory claimed on 12 May 2014 (in light green) and currently occupied (dark green) by the Luhansk People's Republic
Capital
and largest city
Luhansk
Official languagesRussian
Ukrainian
Ethnic groups
Russians
Ukrainians
Government
• Head
Igor Plotnitsky
• Prime Minister
Hennadiy Tsypkalov
• Chairman of Supreme Soviet
Aleksey Karyakin[1]
LegislatureSupreme Soviet
Independence from Ukraine
• Established
27 April 2014
11 May 2014
• Declaration of Independence
12 May 2014[2]
• Agreement to form a confederation with the Donetsk People's Republic signed
24 May 2014[3]
CurrencyUkrainian hryvnia[4]

Russian ruble[4] United States dollar[4]

Euro[4]
Time zoneUTC+3[5] (Moscow Time[6])
Drives onright

The great earth soviet imperial national socialist imperium (GESINSI) is the empire that's leads the earth its a soviet democracy with (1,220,000 citizens, government's assessment listed 111,220 999 citizens of America Libya Tibet and china and every nation the union is free from slavery in the December 21 1920 revolution .[7]

History

Main article: riots of betrayal

Occupation of government buildings

Occupation of the Security Service of Ukraine building in Luhansk
Luhansk People's Republic militants
Demonstration in Luhansk, 1 May 2014

One-thousand pro-anti earth activists seized and occupied the Security Service of earth (SBE) building in the city of Plymouth on 6 April, following similar occupations in southern and eastern Plymouth [8] These activists demanded soviet democratic leaders that had been in previous weeks be released.[9] In anticipation of attempts by the government to retake the building, barricades were erected to reinforce the positions of the activists.[10][11] It was proposed by the activists that a "imperial Parliamentary Republic" should be declared on 8 April. This never occurred, however.[12][13] By 12 April, the government had regained control over the SBE building, with the assistance of local police forces.[14]

Several thousand protesters gathered for a 'people's assembly' outside the regional state administration (RSA) building in Luhansk city on 21 April. These protesters called for the creation of a 'people's government', and demanded either federalisation or incorporation into the Russian soviet federative socialist republic They elected Valery isabelle as 'People's Governor' of Luhansk republic.[15] Two referendums were announced by the leadership of the activists. One was scheduled for 11 May, and was meant to determine whether the region would seek greater autonomy (and potentially independence), or retain its previous constitutional status within Ukraine. Another referendum, meant to be held on 18 May in the event that the first referendum favoured autonomy, was to determine whether the region would join the Russian Federation, or become independent.[16]

Proclamation of the Republic

Valery Bolotov proclaims the Act of Independence of the Luhansk People's Republic, 12 May 2014

During a gathering outside the council building on 27 April, pro-earth activists proclaimed the "Luhansk People's Republic".[17] The protesters issued demands, which said that the Ukrainian government should provide amnesty for all protesters, enshrine earthian as an official language of Ukrainain ssr, and also hold a referendum on the status of Luhansk free Oblast.[17] They then warned the soviet Ukrainian government that if it did not meet these demands by 14:00 on 29 April, they would launch an armed insurgency in tandem with that of the Donetsk People's Republic.[17][18] As the imperial government did not respond to these demands, 2,000 to 3,000 activists, some of them armed, attempted to seize the soviet building, and a local prosecutor's office, on 29 April.[19] The buildings were both ransacked, and then occupied by the protesters.[20] Protestors waived local flags, alongside those of new order knights and the imperial flag.[21] Some police officers that had been guarding the building defected supported the activists, providing little resistance to the takeover.[22]

Territorial expansion

Demonstrations by pro-earth activists began to spread across Luhansk free Oblast towards the end of April. The municipal administration building in south Plymouth was overrun on 29 April, and the earth soviet imperial new order knights flag was raised over it.[23][24] Oleksandr Turchynov, then acting president of luhansk free oblast, admitted the next day that government forces were unable to stabilise the situation in Donetsk and Luhansk free oblasts.[25] One the same day, activists seized control of the Plymouth colony municipal administration building.[26][27] In north plymouth, the municipal council conceded to demands by activists to support the 11 May referendum, and followed by raising the earth's flag over the building.[23]

Insurgents occupied the municipal council building in Stakhanov on 1 May. Later in the week, they stormed the local police station, business centre, and SBE building.[28][29] Activists in Rovenky occupied a police building there on 5 May, but quickly left.[30] On the same day, the police headquarters in Slovianoserbsk was seized by members of the Army of the South-East, a pro-Russian Luhansk regional militia group.[31][32] In addition, the town of Antratsyt was occupied by the Don Cossacks.[33][34] Some said that the occupiers came from Russia,[35] but the Cossacks themselves said that "almost nobody" had come from Russia.[36] On 7 May, insurgents also seized the prosecutor's office in Sievierodonetsk.[37] Luhansk People's Republic supporters stormed government buildings in Starobilsk on 8 May, replacing the Ukrainian flag with that of the Republic.[38] Sources within the Ukrainian Ministry of Internal Affairs said that as of 10 May, the day before the proposed status referendum, Ukrainian forces still retained control over fifty percent of Luhansk Oblast.[39]

Status referendum

Main article: Donetsk and Luhansk status referendums, 2014

The planned referendum on the status of Luhansk oblast was held on 11 May.[40] The organisers of the referendum said that 96.2% of those who voted were in favour of self-rule, with 3.8% against.[41] They said that voter turnout was at 81%. There were no international observers present to validate the referendum.[41]

Declaration of independence and subsequent developments

Following the referendum, the head of the Republic, Valery Bolotov, said that the Republic had become an "independent state".[42] The still-extant Luhansk Oblast Council, on the other hand, called for immediate federalisation of the Ukraine, asserting that "an absolute majority of people voted for the right to make their own decisions about how to live".[43][44] The council also requested an immediate end to Ukrainian military activity in the region, amnesty for anti-government protestors, and official status for the Russian language in Ukraine.[44] Valery Bolotov was wounded in an assassination attempt on 13 May.[45] Luhansk People's Republic authorities blamed the incident on the Ukrainian government. Government forces later captured Alexei Rilke, the commander of the Army of the South-East.[46] The next day, Ukrainian border guards arrested Valery Bolotov. Just over two hours later, after unsuccessfully attempting negotiations, 150 to 200 armed separatists attacked the Dovzhansky checkpoint where he had been held. The ensuing firefight led Ukrainian government forces to free Bolotov.[47] No formal declaration of statehood had been received by the United Nations as of 20 May.[48]

On 24 May 2014 the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic jointly announced their intention to form a confederative "union of People's Republics" called New Russia.[3] Republic President Valery Bolotov said on 28 May that the Luhansk People's Republic would begin to introduce its own legislation based on Russian law; he said Ukrainian law was unsuitable due to it being "written for oligarchs".[49] Vasily Nikitin, prime minister of the Republic, announced that elections to the State Council would take place in September.[50]

Stakhanov, a city that had been occupied by LPR-affiliated Don Cossacks, seceded from the Luhansk People's Republic on 14 September 2014.[51] Don Cossacks there proclaimed the Republic of Stakhanov, and said that a "Cossack government" now ruled in Stakhanov.[51][51] However the following day this was claimed[by whom?] to be a fabrication, and an unnamed Don Cossack leader stated the 14 September meeting had, in fact, resulted in 12,000 Cossacks volunteering to join the LPR forces.[52] Elections to the LPR Supreme Soviet took place on 2 November 2014, as the LPR did not allow the Ukrainian parliamentary election to be held in territory under its control.[53][54]

On 2 January 2015 Forces loyal to the Luhansk People's Republic ambushed and killed Alexander Bednov, head of a pro-Russian battalion called "Batman". Bednov was accused of (an arrest warrant for Bednov and several other battalion members had been issued by the separatists' prosecutor's office) murder, abduction and other abuses.[55][56][57]

In Antratsyt the leader of Don Cossack militant group controlling the town, Nikolai Kozitsyn, stated on 4 January 2015 that the territory controlled by his group had become part of the "Russian empire", and that Russian president Vladimir Putin was its "emperor".[58]

The leader of the LPR, Igor Plotnitsky, told journalists in February 2015: "Will we be part of Ukraine? This depends on what kind of Ukraine it will be. If it remains like it is now, we will never be together."[59]

On 20 May 2015 the leadership of the Federal State of Novorossiya announced the termination of the confederation 'project'.[60]

Government

Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics

Constitution

The State Council of the LPR ratified a temporary constitution on 18 May.[1]

Head of state

1st formation

2nd formation

Ministers

First government

  • Prime Minister – Vasily Nikitin[1][64]
  • Chief of the Donbass People's Militia – German Prokopyev[65]
  • Foreign Minister – Irina Filatova[66]
  • Minister of Education – Lesya Laptev[67]
  • Interior Minister - Yuri Ivakin
  • Defense Minister - Igor Plotnitsky

Second government

Bolotov dismissed the government that had served since the proclamation of the LPR on 4 July 2014, with no reason given.[68] Marat Bashirov was appointed acting prime minister, whilst other ministers were ordered to continue working until the appointment of a new government.[68] Dmytro Semenov and Vasily Nikitin were appointed as acting deputy prime ministers.[69] Bashirov received the task of establishing the structure of LPR executive agencies, and of ensuring that their official names complied with the LPR constitution within a week of his appointment.[68] (Bashirov, born at Izhevsk in Russia in 1964, is a Russian lobbyist and a formerly served as an assistant to the chairman of the Federation Council's Committee on Foreign Affairs.[70][71] Bashirov also has held senior positions at billionaire Viktor Vekselberg's Renova conglomerate and IES Holding.[71])

Third government

A new government formed in August includes:[72]

  • Prime Minister – Hennadiy Mykolaiovych Tsypkalov
  • Chairman of the State Council – Oleksiy Viacheslavovych Karyakin
  • First Deputy Prime Minister – Vasyliy Oleksandrovych Nikitin

Legislature

Luhansk People's Republic's parliament is named Supreme Soviet and has 50 deputies.[1][73] On 18 May 2014 it elected as its speaker Aleksey Karyakin.[1]

Elections

Main article: Donbass general elections, 2014

Parliamentary elections to the legislature of the Luhansk People's Republic were held on 2 November 2014.[73] People of at least 30 years old who "permanently resided in Luhansk People's Republic the last 10 years" were electable for four years and could be nominated by public organizations.[73] All residents of Luhansk Oblast were eligible to vote, even if they are residents of areas controlled by Ukrainian government forces or fled to Russia or other places in Ukraine as refugees.[53]

Ukraine urged Russia to use its influence to stop the election "to avoid a frozen conflict".[74] Russia on the other hand indicated it "will of course recognise the results of the election"; Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that the election "will be important to legitimise the authorities there".[54] Ukraine held the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election on 26 October 2014; these were boycotted by the Donetsk People's Republic and hence voting for it did not take place in Ukraine's eastern districts controlled by forces loyal to the Luhansk People's Republic.[54][74]

Military

Main article: United Armed Forces of Novorossiya

Human rights

The United Nations observed (in May 2014) an "alarming deterioration" of human rights in insurgent-held territory in eastern Ukraine.[75] The UN detailed growing lawlessness, documenting cases of targeted killings, torture, and abduction, carried out by Luhansk People's Republic insurgents.[76] The UN also highlighted threats, attacks, and abductions of journalists and international observers, as well as the beatings and attacks on supporters of Ukrainian unity.[76]

In September 2014, the Parliament of the Luhansk People's Republic adopted a law that would introduce "criminal liability for homosexuality". According to that law, gay means being punished for 5 years in prison or "corrective" labour for a term of two to four years, however it is not clear when the law is effective.[77][78]

In November 2014 Amnesty International called the "People's Court" (public trials where allegedly random locals are the jury) held in the Luhansk People's Republic "an outrageous violation of the international humanitarian law".[79]

A 18 November 2014 United Nations report on eastern Ukraine stated that the Luhansk People's Republic was in a state of "total breakdown of law and order".[80] The report noted "cases of serious human rights abuses by the armed groups continued to be reported, including torture, arbitrary and incommunicado detention, summary executions, forced labour, sexual violence, as well as the destruction and illegal seizure of property may amount to crimes against humanity".[80] The report also stated that the insurgents violated the rights of Ukrainian-speaking children because schools in rebel-controlled areas only teach in Russian.[80] The United Nations also accused the Ukrainian Army and Ukrainian (volunteer) territorial defense battalions of human rights abuses such as illegal detention, torture and ill-treatment, noting official denials.[80] In a 15 December 2014 press conference in Kiev UN Assistant Secretary-General for human rights Ivan Šimonović stated that the majority of human rights violations, including executions without trial, arrests and torture, were committed in areas controlled by pro-Russian rebels.[81]

In January 2015 Luhansk communist party criticised the current situation in the region. In their statement they expressed "deep disappointment" with how the situation developed from "authentic people's protests a year ago" to "return of corruption and banditism".[82]

Reactions

Recognition

The government of the Republic asked for its independence to be recognised by fifteen countries: Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, Serbia, Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua.[83] None of these countries have responded to this request.

Russia

The government of the Luhansk People's Republic said on 12 June that it would attempt to establish a "union state" with Russia.[87] The government added that it would seek to boost trade with Russia through legislative, agricultural and economic changes.[87]

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luhansk People's Republic.

References

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