Lubeluzole

Lubeluzole
Clinical data
ATC code	none;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (2S)-1-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-methylamino)piperidin-1-yl]-3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)propan-2-ol;
CAS Number	144665-07-6 ;
PubChem CID	65998;
ChemSpider	59390 ;
UNII	V2SIB71583;
KEGG	D04789 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL281724 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID60162779 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.233.379
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C22H25F2N3O2S
Molar mass	433.52 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES CN(C1CCN(CC1)C[C@@H](COC2=CC(=C(C=C2)F)F)O)C3=NC4=CC=CC=C4S3;
	InChI InChI=1S/C22H25F2N3O2S/c1-26(22-25-20-4-2-3-5-21(20)30-22)15-8-10-27(11-9-15)13-16(28)14-29-17-6-7-18(23)19(24)12-17/h2-7,12,15-16,28H,8-11,13-14H2,1H3/t16-/m0/s1 ; Key:OZFSWVOEXHGDES-INIZCTEOSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Lubeluzole (Prosynap) is a drug which acts as an indirect NMDA antagonist. It inhibits the release of glutamate, inhibits nitric oxide synthesis, and blocks calcium and sodium gated ion channels.^[1] It has neuroprotective effects particularly in hypoxic conditions,^[2]^[3] and was developed for the treatment of stroke.^[4] Trials showed it to be safe, effective and well tolerated at low doses, but unfortunately higher doses produced the dangerous cardiac side effect of lengthening the QTc interval,^[5]^[6] which could potentially lead to heart failure, and so this meant that subsequent trials were limited to using only the low dose range.^[7] Animal studies had shown lubeluzole to produce neuroprotective effects when administered for prolonged periods, but the aim of its developers was to produce a drug that would be effective for preventing damage from acute stroke, and so ultimately it failed to show sufficient efficacy in trials and development for medical use was halted.^[8]

References

^ Culmsee C, Junker V, Wolz P, Semkova I, Krieglstein J (January 1998). "Lubeluzole protects hippocampal neurons from excitotoxicity in vitro and reduces brain damage caused by ischemia". European Journal of Pharmacology. 342 (2–3): 193–201. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01499-4. PMID 9548385.
^ Ashton D, Willems R, Wynants J, Van Reempts J, Marrannes R, Clincke G (January 1997). "Altered Na(+)-channel function as an in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra: action of lubeluzole and other neuroprotective drugs". Brain Research. 745 (1–2): 210–21. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01094-3. PMID 9037412. S2CID 27971291.
^ Maiese K, TenBroeke M, Kue I (February 1997). "Neuroprotection of lubeluzole is mediated through the signal transduction pathways of nitric oxide". Journal of Neurochemistry. 68 (2): 710–4. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020710.x. PMID 9003060. S2CID 15532366.
^ Grotta J (December 1997). "Lubeluzole treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The US and Canadian Lubeluzole Ischemic Stroke Study Group". Stroke. 28 (12): 2338–46. doi:10.1161/01.str.28.12.2338. PMID 9412611.
^ Hantson L, Tritsmans L, Crabbé R, Gheuens J, Van Rooy P (November 1997). "The safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of lubeluzole (Prosynap) in healthy volunteers". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 35 (11): 491–5. PMID 9401829.
^ Wood PL, Hawkinson JE (April 1997). "N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists for stroke and head trauma". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 6 (4): 389–97. doi:10.1517/13543784.6.4.389. PMID 15989606.
^ Hacke W, Lees KR, Timmerhuis T, Haan J, Hantson L, Hennerici M, Diener HC (1998). "Cardiovascular safety of lubeluzole (Prosynap(R)) in patients with ischemic stroke". Cerebrovascular Diseases. 8 (5): 247–54. doi:10.1159/000015861. PMID 9712921. S2CID 25262626.
^ Gandolfo C, Sandercock P, Conti M (2002). "Lubeluzole for acute ischaemic stroke". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD001924. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001924. PMID 11869612.

[1] Culmsee C, Junker V, Wolz P, Semkova I, Krieglstein J (January 1998). "Lubeluzole protects hippocampal neurons from excitotoxicity in vitro and reduces brain damage caused by ischemia". European Journal of Pharmacology. 342 (2–3): 193–201. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(97)01499-4. PMID 9548385.

[2] Ashton D, Willems R, Wynants J, Van Reempts J, Marrannes R, Clincke G (January 1997). "Altered Na(+)-channel function as an in vitro model of the ischemic penumbra: action of lubeluzole and other neuroprotective drugs". Brain Research. 745 (1–2): 210–21. doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01094-3. PMID 9037412. S2CID 27971291.

[3] Maiese K, TenBroeke M, Kue I (February 1997). "Neuroprotection of lubeluzole is mediated through the signal transduction pathways of nitric oxide". Journal of Neurochemistry. 68 (2): 710–4. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68020710.x. PMID 9003060. S2CID 15532366.

[4] Grotta J (December 1997). "Lubeluzole treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The US and Canadian Lubeluzole Ischemic Stroke Study Group". Stroke. 28 (12): 2338–46. doi:10.1161/01.str.28.12.2338. PMID 9412611.

[5] Hantson L, Tritsmans L, Crabbé R, Gheuens J, Van Rooy P (November 1997). "The safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of lubeluzole (Prosynap) in healthy volunteers". International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 35 (11): 491–5. PMID 9401829.

[6] Wood PL, Hawkinson JE (April 1997). "N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists for stroke and head trauma". Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs. 6 (4): 389–97. doi:10.1517/13543784.6.4.389. PMID 15989606.

[7] Hacke W, Lees KR, Timmerhuis T, Haan J, Hantson L, Hennerici M, Diener HC (1998). "Cardiovascular safety of lubeluzole (Prosynap(R)) in patients with ischemic stroke". Cerebrovascular Diseases. 8 (5): 247–54. doi:10.1159/000015861. PMID 9712921. S2CID 25262626.

[8] Gandolfo C, Sandercock P, Conti M (2002). "Lubeluzole for acute ischaemic stroke". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD001924. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001924. PMID 11869612.

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