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Low Lusatian German

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Low Lusatian
Native toGermany
RegionBrandenburg, Saxony
Language codes
ISO 639-3
GlottologNone
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Low Lusatian German or the Low Lusatian dialect (in German: Niederlausitzer Mundart) is a variety of Central German spoken in northern Saxony and southern Brandenburg within the regions of Lower Lusatia (Cottbus) and the northern part of Upper Lusatia (Hoyerswerda). It is well-defined from the Low German dialects around and north of Berlin, as well as the Upper Saxon dialect group of present-day Saxony and the Slavic language of the Sorbs.

Both regions were strongly influenced by different dialects, especially after World War II. Refugees from East Prussia and Silesia settled there after their dispossession from former German areas. After the foundation of the German Democratic Republic and an economical development because of a stronger extraction of lignite, people from Mecklenburg, Thuringia, Saxony, and Saxony-Anhalt moved to the Lusatia region to benefit from the development. Due to this influence of other German dialects, Low Lusatian never formed a too strong variation from standard German. For people moving now into this area, the dialect is easy to learn and influences their spoken language quite quickly.[citation needed]

Language

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Low Lusatian German lacks region-specific words. It contains syncopes and apocopes, which are used in nearly every German dialect. The only somewhat different articulation is the guttural ⟨r⟩, where Standard German's ⟨er⟩ [ɐ] ending is instead ⟨a⟩ [a]:

English Standard German Lower Lusatian German
spelling IPA spelling IPA
water Wasser [ˈvasɐ] Wassa [ˈvasa]
hammer Hammer [ˈhamɐ] Hamma [ˈhama]
sister Schwester [ˈʃvɛstɐ] Schwesta(r) [ˈʃvɛsta]

At the beginning of a word, the ⟨r⟩ is always spoken, but it is nearly inaudible within a word. The same effect can be seen on the letter ⟨e⟩ [ɛ] which also mostly vanishes in the endings, the changing of ⟨au⟩ [aʊ] to ⟨o(h)⟩/⟨oo⟩ [oː], and the stretching of ⟨ei⟩/⟨ai⟩ [aɪ] to ⟨ee⟩ [eː]:

English Standard German Lower Lusatian German
spelling IPA spelling IPA
to rake harken [ˈhaʁkn̩] haakn [ˈhaːkn̩]
to work arbeiten [ˈaʁbaɪtn̩] abeitn [ˈabeːtn̩]
to buy kaufen [ˈkaʊfn̩] kohfn [ˈkoːfn̩]
as well auch [aʊx] ooch [oːx]
on auf [aʊf] ohf [oːf]
one ein (m.)
eine (f.)
eines (n.)
[aɪn]
[ˈaɪnə]
[ˈaɪnəs]
een
eene
eens
[eːn]
[ˈeːnə]
[eːns]
small kleine [ˈklaɪnə] Kleene [ˈkleːnə]

The short ⟨i⟩ [ɪ] is spoken similarly to the Standard German ⟨ü⟩ ([y] or [ʏ]):

English Standard German Lower Lusatian German
spelling IPA spelling IPA
table Tisch [tɪʃ] Tüsch [tʏʃ]
church Kirche [ˈkɪʁçə] Kürche [ˈkʏa̯çə]

(in smaller villages the word Kerke is used.)

cherry Kirsche [ˈkɪʁʃə] Kürsche [ˈkʏa̯ʃə]

Another sign is a different form of the perfect:

English Standard German Lower Lusatian German
spelling IPA spelling IPA
it was switched off es wurde abgeschaltet [ɛs ˈvʊʁdə ˈapɡəʃaltət] es wurde abgeschalten [ɛs vua̯də ˈapɡəʃaltn̩]

References

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  • Astrid Stedje (1987). Deutsche Sprache gestern und heute. Universitätstaschenbuchverlag
  • Columns of regional newspapers written in Low Lusatian German (http://www.lr-online.de)