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List of tsunamis in Europe

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The following is a list of notable tsunamis in Europe.

The aftermath of the Messina earthquake and tsunami on December 28, 1908

Causes

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Most of the tsunamis that have occurred within Europe have happened in the Mediterranean Sea because in the Mediterranean Sea there are earthquakes, submarine landslide and volcanoes. Most of the earthquakes occur on the Eurasian plate but earthquakes and submarine landslide also occur in western Europe like France, Norway and the United Kingdom which have been struck by tsunamis.

Tsunamis

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Date Country Dead Cause Notes
~6225-6170 BC United Kingdom Scotland, United Kingdom Unknown Underwater landslide Storegga Slide, Norway[1]
6000 BC Italy Sicily, Italy Unknown Volcanic eruption
3500 BC United Kingdom Northern Isles Many Tsunami Unclear[1]
1410 BC Greece Santorini, Greece Unknown Volcanic eruption [2]
426 BC Greece Gulf of Euboea, Greece Unknown Earthquake 426 BC Malian Gulf tsunami[2]
373 BC Greece Helike, Greece Unknown Earthquake An earthquake and a tsunami destroyed the prosperous Greek city Helike, lying 2 km away from the sea. The fate of the city, which remained permanently submerged, was often commented upon by ancient writers and may have inspired Plato when writing his story of Atlantis in Timaeus and Critias.[2]
227 BC Greece Dodecanese, Greece Unknown Earthquake 226 BC Rhodes earthquake[2]
210 BC Portugal Gulf of Cádiz, Portugal Unknown Earthquake [3]
79 AD Italy Gulf of Naples, Italy Unknown Volcanic eruption A smaller tsunami was witnessed in the Bay of Naples by Pliny the Younger during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.[4]
21 July 365 Greece Crete, Greece Thousands 8.0 earthquake 365 Crete earthquake[2]
7 July 551 Greece Menidi, Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
15 August 554 Greece Kos, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
24 October 842 United Kingdom Channel Islands United Kingdom Unknown Earthquake [5]
1050 Greece Santorini, Greece Unknown Volcanic eruption [2]
11 November 1099 United Kingdom Cornwall, United Kingdom, Unknown Unknown [5]
1 October 1134 United Kingdom Netherlands North Sea, United Kingdom, Netherlands Unknown Unknown [6]
4 February 1169 Italy Strait of Messina, Italy, Unknown Earthquake [4]
11 May 1222 Cyprus Cyprus Unknown Earthquake [2]
8 August 1303 Greece Crete, Greece Thousands 8.0 earthquake 1303 Crete earthquake[2]
25 November 1343 Italy Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy Loss of lives recorded unknown number. Earthquake [4]
5 December 1456 Italy Province of Benevento, Italy 30,000–70,000 Earthquake [4] Largest earthquake to strike Italy.
3 May 1481 Greece Rhodes, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
6 April 1580 United Kingdom Strait of Dover, United Kingdom 120 Earthquake/Underwater landslide The 5.9 earthquake caused freak waves in the Strait of Dover which were observed in England and France.[5]
30 January 1607 United Kingdom Bristol Channel, United Kingdom 2,000 disputed tsunami caused by earthquake off Ireland
27 March 1638 Italy Sicily, Italy 9,581–30,000 Earthquake [4]
6 April 1667 Croatia Adriatic Sea, Croatia Unknown Earthquake The tsunami struck the city of Dubrovnik.[7]
9 October 1680 Spain Alboran Sea, Spain Unknown Unknown [8]
11 January 1693 Italy Italy 1000 Earthquake [4]
1693 Iceland Iceland Unknown Volcanic earthquake [9]
21 February 1723 Greece Lefkada, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
20 February 1743 Italy Apulia, Italy 180–300 Earthquake [4]
14 May 1748 Greece Gulf of Patras, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
7 July 1757 United Kingdom Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom Unknown Earthquake [5]
21 January 1760 Denmark Germany Baltic Sea, Denmark, Germany Unknown Underwater landslide [10]
5 September 1767 Republic of Ireland Dublin Republic of Ireland Unknown Unknown [11]
February 5, February 6, February 7, March 1, March 28, 1783 Italy Calabria, Italy 50,000 Earthquakes [4]
1 November 1755 Portugal Lisbon, Portugal 10,000 Earthquake [3]
31 March 1761 Portugal Lisbon, Portugal Unknown Earthquake Moderate tsunami observed in Cornwall and Barbados.
18 September 1763 United Kingdom Weymouth, Dorset, United Kingdom Unknown Unknown [5]
2 April 1808 Italy Coast, Italy Unknown Earthquake An earthquake in Italy caused a possible tsunami that was observed in Marseille, France.[4][12]
23 August 1817 Greece Gulf of Corinth, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
29 December 1820 Greece Zakynthos, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
5 July 1843 United KingdomCornwall, United Kingdom Unknown Unknown [5]
12 October 1856 Greece Crete, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
19 September 1867 Greece Ionian Sea Greece 12 Earthquake [2]
3 April 1881 Greece Chios, Greece 7,866 Earthquake [2]
27 August 1886 Greece Ionian Sea, Greece Unknown Earthquake [2]
23 February 1887 France Ligurian Sea, France Unknown Earthquake [4][12]
14 June 1893 Albania Adriatic Sea, Albania Unknown 7.5 earthquake [13]
31 March 1901 Bulgaria Black Sea, Bulgaria 0 7.2 earthquake [14]
16 January 1905 Norway Loen, Norway 61 Landslide [15]
8 September 1905 Italy Calabria, Italy 557 Earthquake [4]
28 December 1908 Italy Messina, Italy 80,000 7.1 earthquake [4]
11 September 1930 Italy Italy 2 Earthquake [4]
26 September 1932 Greece Ierissos, Greece 491 Earthquake 1932 Ierissos earthquake[2]
7 April 1934 Norway Tafjord Norway 40
 Landslide [15]
13 September 1936 Norway Loen, Norway 74 Landslide [15]
September 10, 1953 Cyprus Paphos, Cyprus 40 Earthquake
9 July 1956 Greece Aegean Islands Greece 3 Earthquake [2]
9 July 1956 Greece Dodecanese Greece 56 Earthquake [2]
9 October 1963 Italy Monte Toc, Italy 1,450 Landslide
28 February 1969 Portugal Portugal 0 Earthquake [3]
21 June 1978 Croatia Vela Luka, Croatia 0 Meteorologic [16]
16 October 1979 France Nice, France 8-23 Landslide and underwater landslide [17]
1 January 1980 Portugal Azores, Portugal 0 Earthquake [3]
13 December 1990 Italy Italy 6 Earthquake [4]
30 December 2002 Italy Stromboli, Italy 0 Landslide [4]
21 May 2003 Spain Balearic islands, Spain 0 Earthquake The earthquake was off the coast of Algeria.[18][19]
29 June 2011 United Kingdom Cornwall, United Kingdom 0 Underwater landslide [5][20][21][22]
30 October 2020 Greece Aegean Islands, Greece 1 Earthquake A magnitude 7.0 earthquake struck off the coast of Turkey, producing a 2.2 meter-high tsunami that would later strike the coast of Turkey, and the Aegean Islands, including Ikaria, Kos, Chios, and Samos.[23][18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Bondevik, Stein; Mangerud, Jan; Dawson, Sue; Dawson, Alastair; Lohne, Øystein (1 August 2005). "Evidence for three North Sea tsunamis at the Shetland Islands between 8000 and 1500 years ago". Quaternary Science Reviews. 24 (14): 1757–1775. Bibcode:2005QSRv...24.1757B. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.10.018. hdl:1956/735. ISSN 0277-3791.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Greece". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Portugal". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Italy". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=UK". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  6. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Location=North Sea". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  7. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Croatia". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  8. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Spain". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  9. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Iceland". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  10. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Germany". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  11. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Ireland". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  12. ^ a b "Evaluating and preventing the tsunami risk for France's metropolitan and overseas coasts - Sénat". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  13. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Albania". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  14. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Bulgaria". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  15. ^ a b c National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Norway". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  16. ^ "Riješena zagonetka plimnog vala koji je pogodio Vela Luku 1978. godine". Dubrovački vjesnik. Archived from the original on 31 January 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  17. ^ National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=France". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  18. ^ a b National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service: NCEI/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. "Tsunami Events Search Results Country=Algeria". doi:10.7289/V5PN93H7. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  19. ^ "Tsunamis in Spain". Retrieved 24 January 2016.
  20. ^ Bowater, Donna (29 June 2011). "Landslide causes tsunamis off the coast of Cornwall". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  21. ^ "Home of the Daily and Sunday Express | UK News :: Tsunami waves hit UK coastline". Daily Express. 2011-06-30. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  22. ^ "South coast hit by tsunami after ocean landslide". Daily Mirror. 2011-06-30. Retrieved 2011-09-19.
  23. ^ "Serious tsunami hits Greece and Turkey after 7.0 earthquake". UNESCO. 12 Nov 2020. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
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