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List of threatened, endangered and extinct species in the Mariana Islands

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The following is a list of species (or subspecies) in the Mariana Islands, defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List or by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), as being extinct, critically endangered, endangered, threatened, vulnerable, conservation dependent, or near threatened. This article addresses species found in the geopolitical states of Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI).

As of 2024, there were 32 species or subspecies in the Mariana Islands listed by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service as endangered or threatened. USFWS has cited threats to species from habitat loss and degradation; military activities; urbanization; recreational vehicles; nonnative animals such as feral ungulates (wild boar and sambar deer), water buffalo, rats, brown tree snakes, slugs, flatworms, ants, and wasps; nonnative plants; fires; typhoons; water extraction; and future climate change.[1]

As of 2024, the USFWS and IUCN together listed 9 species or subspecies endemic to the Mariana Islands that have gone extinct: the little Mariana fruit bat (Pteropus tokudae); 5 birds (Guam flycatcher (Myiagra freycineti), bridled white-eye (Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus), Pagan reed-warbler (Acrocephalus yamashinae), Aguijan reed-warbler (Acrocephalus nijoi), the Mariana mallard (Anas oustaleti); and 3 snails (Partula desolata, Partula langfordi, Mount Alifana partula (Partula salifana)).[2] Archaeological evidence has revealed another snail from Guam, the Partula desolata, to be extinct.[3] Four undescribed and extinct bird species were excavated from Rota.[4] Additionally, the Guam kingfisher (Todiramphus cinnamominus) is listed by the IUCN as extinct in the wild.[5]

Mammals

[edit]
See also: List of mammals of the Northern Mariana Islands
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Little Mariana fruit bat, Guam flying fox Pteropus tokudae Extinct (USFWS)[6] Extinct (IUCN)[7] Native to Guam. Last seen 1968; declared extinct in 2020 by IUCN, and 2023 by USFWS.[6]
Pacific sheath-tailed bat (payeyi, paischeey) Emballonura semicaudata rotensis Endangered (Marianas subspecies, USFWS)[8] Endangered (IUCN)[9] Subspecies native to Guam and CNMI[8]
Mariana fruit bat (fanihi, Mariana flying fox) Pteropus mariannus mariannus
Threatened (listed as Pteropus mariannus mariannus, USFWS)[10] Endangered (listed as Pteropus mariannus, IUCN)[11] Native to Guam and CNMI[10]

Amphibians and Reptiles

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Slevin's skink, Mariana skink (gualik halumtanu, gholuuf) Emoia slevini
Endangered (USFWS)[12] Critically Endangered (IUCN)[13] Native to Guam and CNMI[12]
Micronesia saw-tailed gecko Perochirus ateles
Vulnerable (IUCN)[14] Possibly extinct from Guam and Marcus Island. Found in Federated States of Marshall Islands; Japan; Micronesia; Northern Mariana Islands.[14]

Endemic birds

[edit]
See also: List of birds of Guam and List of birds of the Northern Mariana Islands

Significant loses of bird species have likely occurred in the Mariana Islands in the past few millennia. A 1990 excavation of a late Holocene archeological site on Rota revealed the presence of 21 bird species, 12 of which have since become extinct or extirpated from Rota. Four of the species were not yet described and extinct: a small probably-flightless duck (Anatidae species), a giant ground-dove (Gallicolumba species), a large parrot (Psittacidae species), and a large parrotfinch (Erythrura).[4]

The endemic birds of Guam, the southernmost Mariana island, were severely affected by the introduction of the brown tree snake after World War II. Since then, 11 of Guam's 14 terrestrial bird species have become extinct or extirpated from Guam. Only 3 species still exist in the wild on Guam (Micronesian starling, Mariana gray swiftlet and yellow bittern).[15]

Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Pagan reed-warbler Acrocephalus yamashinae Extinct (IUCN)[16] Native to Pagan. Last seen in late 1970s.[17]
Mariana mallard, Oustalet's duck Anas oustaleti
Extinct (USFWS)[18] Native to Guam, Tinian and Saipan, possibly also Rota and Pagan. Last seen in 1979.[18]
Bridled white-eye (nossa) Zosterops conspicillatus

(listed by UWFWS as Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus)

Extinct (USFWS)[6] Extinct (IUCN)[19] Endemic to Guam and considered one of the most common bird species between early 1900s and 1930s. Last seen in 1983; declared extinct by USFWS and IUCN in 2023[20]
Aguiguan reed-warbler Acrocephalus nijoi Extinct (IUCN)[21] Native to Aguiguan. Last seen in 1995.[22]
Guam flycatcher, Guam broadbill (CHuguangguang)[15] Myiagra freycineti
Extinct (IUCN)[23] Native to Guam. Last seen in 1984.[18]
Nightingale reed warbler, Guam reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinius

(spelling per IUCN); listed by USFWS as Acrocephalus luscinia)

Endangered (USFWS)[24] Extinct (IUCN)[25] Native to Guam.[26] Last seen in 1969.[27]
Guam kingfisher (sihek) Todiramphus cinnamominus[28]
Endangered (USFWS)[26] Extinct in the Wild (IUCN)[29] Native to Guam[26]
Guam rail (ko'ko')[28] Gallirallus owstoni[28] (species name as listed by USFWS), Hypotaenidia owstoni (species name as listed by IUCN)
Endangered. Previously listed as Extinct in the Wild.(USFWS)[26] Critically Endangered (IUCN)[30] Native to Guam[26]
Saipan reed-warbler Acrocephalus hiwae
Critically Endangered (IUCN)[31] Native to Saipan and Alamagan (CNMI)[31][32]
Rota white-eye (nosa' Luta)[28] Zosterops rotensis
Endangered (USFWS)[26] Critically Endangered (IUCN)[33] Native to Rota (CNMI)[33]
Mariana crow (åga)[28] Corvus kubaryi
Endangered (USFWS)[28] Critically Endangered (IUCN)[34] Extinct from Guam; extant on Rota (CNMI)[34]
Micronesian megapode (sasangat)[28] Megapodius laperouse
Endangered (USFWS)[26] Near Threatened (IUCN)[35] Native to Mariana Islands and Palau[26] Extinct on Guam. Extant in CNMI and Palau.[35]
Mariana common moorhen (pulattat)[28] Gallinula chloropus guami Endangered (USFWS)[26] Native to Guam and CNMI[26]
Mariana gray swiftlet[28] Aerodramus vanikorensis bartschi Endangered (USFWS)[26] Native to Guam and CNMI[26]
Mariana swiftlet (yayaguak) Aerodramus bartschi Endangered (USFWS)[26] Vulnerable (IUCN)[36] Native to Guam and CNMI[26]
Golden white-eye Cleptornis marchei
Endangered (IUCN)[37] Native to CNMI[37]
Saipan White-eye Zosterops saypani Near Threatened[38] Native to Rota, Tinian and Saipan[38]
Mariana Fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla
Near Threatened (IUCN)[39] Extinct from Guam. Extant in CNMI[39]
White-throated ground-dove Pampusana xanthonura
Near Threatened (IUCN)[40]

Migratory birds

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Short-tailed albatross Phoebastria albatrus
Endangered (USFWS)[41] Vulnerable (IUCN)[42] Native to North Pacific Ocean, mostly breeding on islands near Japan[42]
Far eastern curlew Numenius madagascariensis
Endangered (IUCN)[43] Breeds in eastern Asian Russia and Mongolia, but extant in coastal eastern Asia and western Pacific[43]
Siberian sandplover Charadrius mongolus
Endangered (IUCN)[44] Breeds in Australia, New Zealand and Russia, wintering in east Asia and western Pacific[44]
White-necked petrel Pterodroma cervicalis
Vulnerable (IUCN)[45] Breeds in New Zealand, Norfolk Island and Vanuatu; extant in other Pacific islands, Australia, and Mexico[45]
Juan Fernandez petrel Pterodroma externa
Vulnerable (IUCN)[46] Breeds in Chile; extant in French Polynesia, Guam, Mexico and Hawaii[46]
Stejneger's petrel Pterodroma longirostris
Vulnerable (IUCN)[47] Breeds in Chile; extant in French Polynesia, Guam, Japan, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, CNMI[47]
Common pochard Aythya ferina
Vulnerable (IUCN)[48] Widespread in Europe, Asia and northern Africa; non-breeding in Guam and CNMI[48]
Sharp-tailed sandpiper Calidris acuminata
Vulnerable (IUCN)[49] Breeds in Russia; extant in Asia and western Pacific[49]
Leach's storm-petrel Hydrobates leucorhous
Vulnerable (IUCN)[50] Native throughout the oceans, non-breeding in the Mariana Islands[50]
Matsudaira's storm-petrel Hydrobates matsudairae
Vulnerable (IUCN)[51] Breeds in Japan; migrates from eastern African coast to western Pacific[51]
Bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica
Near threatened (IUCN)[52] Breeds in Russia and Alaska, extant in numerous other areas, including Guam and CNMI[52]
Grey-tailed tattler Tringa brevipes
Near threatened (IUCN)[53] Breeds in Mongolia; extant in Southeast Asia, Oceania and western Pacific Ocean[53]

Gastropods

[edit]

Three of the 7 partulid snails described from the Mariana islands are extinct, and the remaining 4 are imperiled.[54] Partulid populations have been affected by invasive snails such as the North American Euglandina species and the New Guinea flatworm (Platydemus manokwari).

Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Mount Alifana partula Partula salifana
Extinct (IUCN)[55] Native to the Mount Alifana region of southern Guam[55]
Partula desolata
Extinct. Known only from an archeological site on Rota (although no indication that there was any human consumption of the snails). The species survived until at least c. 1000. The describing authors chose the specific name "desolata" due to the desolation brought about upon the Partulidae populations in the Pacific.[3]
Langford's tree snail (akaleha', denden) Partula langfordi
Endangered (USFWS)[56] Extinct (IUCN)[57] Native to Aguigan[56]
Succinea quadrasi Species was being evaluated for protected status by USFWS in 1994.[58] Endangered (IUCN)[59] Native to Guam[59]
Succinea piratarum Species was being evaluated for protected status by USFWS in 1994.[58] Endangered (IUCN)[60] Native to Guam[60]
Fragile tree snail, akaleha dogas, denden Samoana fragilis
Endangered (USFW)[61] Endangered (IUCN)[62] Native to Guam and Rota[61]
Humped tree snail (akaleha', denden) Partula gibba
Endangered (USFWS)[56] Endangered (IUCN)[63] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
Guam tree snail (akaleha', denden) Partula radiolata
Endangered (USFWS)[56] Endangered (IUCN)[64] Native to Guam[56]

Gastropods proposed to have protected status

[edit]
  • Partula lutaensis - endemic to Rota; species first described in 2021 and the describing authors advised it be "listed as Endangered as soon as possible."[54]

Insects

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Rota blue damselfly (dulalas Luta, dulalas Luuta) Ischnura luta
Endangered (USFWS)[56] Data Deficient (IUCN)[65] Native to Rota (CNMI)[65][56]
Mariana wandering butterfly (ababbang, libweibwogh) Vagrans egistina
Endangered (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
Mariana eight-spot butterfly (ababbang, libweibwogh) Hypolimnas octocula marianensis
Endangered (USFWS)[61] Native to Guam and Saipan[61]

Plants

[edit]
See also: List of endemic plants in the Mariana Islands
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Hayun lagu Serianthes nelsonii
Endangered (USFW)[26] Critically Endangered (IUCN)[66] Native to Guam and Rota[26]
No known common name Osmoxylon mariannense
Endangered (USFWS)[26] Critically Endangered (IUCN)[67] Native to CNMI[26]
No known common name Eugenia bryanii Endangered (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam[56]
Paudedo Hedyotis megalantha Endangered (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam[56]
Ufa halumtanu, ufa halom tano Heritiera longipetiolata Endangered (USFWS)[56] Vulnerable (IUCN)[68] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
No known common name Phyllanthus saffordii
Endangered (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam[56]
Aplokating palaoan Psychotria malaspinae Endangered (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam[56]
Berenghenas halomtano Solanum guamense Endangered (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
No known common name Nesogenes rotensis
Endangered (USFWS)[26] Native to CNMI[26]
No known common name Tinospora homosepala Endangered (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam[56]
No known common name Tuberolabium guamense Threatened (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
No known common name Tabernaemontana rotensis
Threatened (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
Siboyas halom tano, Cebello halumtano Bulbophyllum guamense
Threatened (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
Fadang, faadang Cycas micronesica
Threatened (USFWS)[56] Endangered (IUCN)[69] Native to Guam, CNMI, States of Micronesia, and Palau[56]
No known common name Dendrobium guamense
Threatened (USFWS)[56] Native to Guam and CNMI[56]
No known common name Maesa walkeri
Threatened (USFWS)[26] Native to Guam and CNMI[26]
No known common name Nervilia jacksoniae Threatened (USFWS)[26] Native to Guam and CNMI[26]
Terminalia rostrata
Vulnerable[70] Native to Asuncion (CNMI)[71]
Narra Pterocarpus indicus
Endangered (IUCN)[72] Native from Indo-China to western Pacific ocean[73]
Mapuñao Aglaia mariannensis
Vulnerable (IUCN)[74] Native to Mariana and Caroline islands[75]
Ifit Intsia bijuga
Near Threatened[76] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[76]

Plants proposed to have protected status

[edit]
  • Pogostemon guamensis - endemic to Guam; first described in 2020 and recommended by the describing authors to be listed as "Critically Endangered."[77]
  • Bulbophyllum raulersoniae - endemic to Guam; first described in 2022 and recommended by the describing authors to be listed as "Endangered."[78]

Marine animals

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata
Endangered (USFWS)[79] Critically Endangered (IUCN)[80] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[80]
Oceanic whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus
Threatened (USFWS)[81] Critically endangered (IUCN)[82] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[82]
Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas
Endangered (central western Pacific population, USFWS)[83] Endangered (IUCN)[84] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[84]
Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis
Endangered (USWFS)[81] Endangered (IUCN)[85] Native throughout the oceans[85]
Leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea
Endangered (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[86] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[86]
Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus
Endangered (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[87] Native throughout the oceans[87]
False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens
Endangered (USFWS)[81] Near Threatened (IUCN)[88] Native throughout tropical and many temperate oceans[88]
Oceanic manta ray, Giant oceanic manta ray Mobula birostris
Threatened (USWFS)[81] Endangered (IUCN)[89] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[89]
Pelagic thresher Alopias pelagicus
Endangered (IUCN)[90] Native to Indian and Pacific Oceans[90]
Basking shark Cetorhinus maximus
Endangered (IUCN)[91] Native to Pacific and Atlantic Oceans[91]
Sharptooth lemon shark Negaprion acutidens
Endangered (IUCN)[92] Native from Middle East to Western Pacific coasts[92]
Grey reef shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
Endangered (IUCN)[93] Native from tropical Indo-West and central Pacific Oceans, including the Marianas, and parts of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean[93]
Longfin mako Isurus paucus
Endangered (IUCN)[94] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[94]
Shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus
Endangered (IUCN)[95] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[95]
Bentfin Devil Ray Mobula thurstoni
Endangered (IUCN)[96] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[96]
Shorthorned pygmy devil ray Mobula kuhlii
Endangered (IUCN)[97] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[97]
Sicklefin devil ray Mobula tarapacana
Endangered (ICUN)[98] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[98]
Longhorned pygmy devil ray Mobula eregoodoo
Endangered (IUCN)[99] Native to coastal waters from eastern Africa and Middle East to western Pacific[99]
Spinetail devil ray Mobula mobular
Endangered (IUCN)[100] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[100]
Spotted eagle ray Aetobatus ocellatus
Endangered (IUCN)[101] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[101]
Giant wrasse Cheilinus undulatus
Endangered (IUCN)[102] Native from Indian Ocean to Western Pacific[102]
Black teatfish Holothuria nobilis
Endangered (IUCN)[103] Native to Pacific Ocean[103]
Pineapple sea cucumber, Prickly redfish Thelenota ananas
Endangered (IUCN)[104] Native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Marianas, excluding Hawaii[104]
True giant clam Tridacna gigas
2024 was proposed to be listed as endangered (USFWS)[105] Extirpated from Guam and CNMI; Vulnerable in its extant range (IUCN)[106] Native to western Pacific.[106] Extirpated from Guam and CNMI due to longstanding subsistence harvesting. Reintroduction attempts have had limited success.
Smooth giant clam Tridacna derasa
2024 was proposed to be listed as endangered (USFWS)[105] Extirpated from Guam and CNMI; Vulnerable in its extant range (IUCN)[107] Native to Australia; Fiji; Indonesia; New Caledonia; Palau; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Solomon Islands; Tonga; extirpated from Guam and CNMI due to longstanding subsistence harvesting. Reintroduction attempts have had limited success.[107]
Horse's hoof clam Hippopus hippopus
2024 was proposed to be listed as threatened (USFWS)[105] Extirpated from Guam and CNMI; Lower Risk: Conservation Dependent in its extant range (IUCN)[108] Native to western Pacific islands and Australia; extirpated from Guam and CNMI due to a long history of subsistence harvesting[108]
Small giant clam Tridacna maxima
2024 was proposed to be listed as threatened (USFWS)[105] Lower Risk: Conservation Dependent (IUCN)[109] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[109]
White shark Carcharodon carcharias
Vulnerable (IUCN)[110] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[110]
Blacktip reef shark Carcharhinus melanopterus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[111] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific[111]
Whitetip reef shark Triaenodon obesus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[112] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific[112]
Silvertip shark Carcharhinus albimarginatus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[113] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[113]
Bigeye thresher Alopias superciliosus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[114] Native to many coastal areas worldwide, possibly to Guam and CNMI[114]
Common thresher Alopias vulpinus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[115] Native to many coastal areas worldwide, possibly to Guam and CNMI[115]
Tawny nurse shark Nebrius ferrugineus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[116] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[116]
Reef manta ray Mobula alfredi
Vulnerable (IUCN)[117] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[117]
Blotched fantail ray Taeniurops meyeni
Vulnerable (IUCN)[118] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[118]
Blue marlin Makaira nigricans
Vulnerable (IUCN)[119] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[119]
Sailfish Istiophorus platypterus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[120] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[120]
Bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[121] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[121]
Camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion
Vulnerable (IUCN)[122] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[122]
Green humphead parrotfish Bolbometopon muricatum
Vulnerable (IUCN)[123] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[123]
Brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[124] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[124]
Harlequin filefish Oxymonacanthus longirostris
Vulnerable (IUCN)[125] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[125]
Red-striped coral goby Gobiodon axillaris Vulnerable[126] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[126]
Shortjaw bonefish Albula glossodonta Vulnerable (IUCN)[127] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[127]
Ocean sunfish Mola mola
Vulnerable (IUCN)[128] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[128]
Actinopyga echinites
Vulnerable (IUCN)[129] Native to tropical and temperate oceans[129]
Actinopyga mauritiana
Vulnerable (IUCN)[130] Native to Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean[130]
Actinopyga miliaris
Vulnerable (IUCN)[131] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[131]
Holothuria fuscogilva
Vulnerable (IUCN)[132] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[132]

Marine animals proposed to be listed for conservation[105]

[edit]

In 2024, USFWS proposed 10 species of clam be protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA), of which the following are native to the Mariana Islands:

  • Smooth giant clam (Tridacna derasa) - extirpated from Guam and CNMI; see above. Proposed to be listed as endangered under the ESA.
  • True giant clam (Tridacna gigas) - extirpated from Guam and CNMI; see above. Proposed to be listed as endangered under the ESA.
  • Horse's hoof clam (Hippopus hippopus) - extirpated from Guam and CNMI; see above. Proposed to be listed as threatened under the ESA.
  • Maxima clam (Tridacna maxima) - native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, and is the most giant clam species found on Guam and CNMI.[133] Proposed to be listed as threatened under the ESA.
  • Tridacna crocea - possibly extinct from Guam and CNMI.[134] Proposed to be listed as threatened under the ESA.

In addition, the fluted giant clam (Tridacna squamosa), is proposed to be listed as endangered. Sources vary as to whether it is an introduced (non-native)[105][135] or native species[136] in the Marianas, but it remains rare on Guam (<10 individuals per hectare) and is not present in the CNMI. It was determined by the USFWS to not be at risk of extinction in its native range in the foreseeable future, but nonetheless was proposed to be listed as threatened under the ESA due to the similarity of products from this species as from the other species listed above.

Marine animals listed as Near Threatened by IUCN[137]

[edit]

Corals

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Anacropora spinosa Threatened (USFWS)[81] Endangered (IUCN)[138] Native to Southeast Asia and southwestern Pacific Ocean[138]
Porites eridani Endangered (IUCN)[139] Native to Southeast Asia and southwestern Pacific Ocean[139]
Acropora globiceps
Threatened (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[140] Native to southeast Asia and Pacific ocean[140]
Pavona diffluens Threatened (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[141] Native to Middle Eastern Indian Ocean, India, and Micronesia[141]
Acropora tenella Threatened (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[142] Native to southeast Asia, Mariana Islands and Papua New Guinea[142]
Porites napopora Threatened (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[143] Native to Southeast Asia and Micronesia[143]
Porites napopora Threatened (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[143] Native to Southeast Asia and Micronesia[143]
Seriatopora aculeata Threatened (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[144] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[144]
Seriatopora aculeata Threatened (USFWS)[81] Vulnerable (IUCN)[144] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[144]
Acanthastrea brevis Vulnerable (IUCN)[145] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[145]
Acropora aculeus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[146] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[146]
Acropora acuminata
Vulnerable (IUCN)[147] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[147]
Acropora aspera
Vulnerable (IUCN)[148] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[148]
Acropora listeri
Vulnerable (IUCN)[149] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[149]
Acropora lovelli Vulnerable (IUCN)[150] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[150]
Acropora palmerae
Vulnerable (IUCN)[151] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[151]
Acropora striata Vulnerable (IUCN)[152] Native to southeast Asia and western Pacific Ocean[152]
Acropora vaughani
Vulnerable (IUCN)[153] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[153]
Acropora verweyi
Vulnerable (IUCN)[154] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[154]
Alveopora allingi Vulnerable (IUCN)[155] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[155]
Alveopora fenestrata Vulnerable (IUCN)[156] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[156]
Alveopora verrilliana
Vulnerable (IUCN)[157] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[157]
Anacropora puertogalerae Vulnerable (IUCN)[158] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[158]
Cyphastrea agassizi Vulnerable (IUCN)[159] Native to southeast Asia and Pacific Ocean[159]
Dipsastraea laddi Vulnerable (IUCN)[160] Native to southeast Asia and Pacific Ocean[160]
Euphyllia cristata
Vulnerable (IUCN)[161] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[161]
Fimbriaphyllia paraancora Vulnerable (IUCN)[162] Native to eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[163]
Isopora cuneata Vulnerable (IUCN)[164] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[164]
Leptoseris incrustans
Vulnerable (IUCN)[165] Native to eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[165]
Lobophyllia ishigakiensis Vulnerable (IUCN)[166] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[166]
Micromussa regularis
Vulnerable (IUCN)[167] Native to eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[167]
Montipora caliculata
Vulnerable (IUCN)[168] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[168]
Montipora lobulata Vulnerable (IUCN)[163] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[163]
Pachyseris rugosa
Vulnerable (IUCN)[169] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[169]
Pavona cactus
Vulnerable (IUCN)[170] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[170]
Pavona bipartita
Vulnerable (IUCN)[171] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[171]
Pavona decussata
Vulnerable (IUCN)[172] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[172]
Pavona venosa
Vulnerable (IUCN)[173] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[173]
Pectinia alcicornis
Vulnerable (IUCN)[174] Native to southeast Asia and western Pacific Ocean[174]
Psammocora stellata
Vulnerable (IUCN)[175] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean to American coast.[175]
Physogyra lichtensteini Vulnerable (IUCN)[176] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[176]
Pocillopora elegans
Vulnerable (IUCN)[177] Native to Southeast Asia through Pacific to American coast[177]
Pocillopora verrucosa (synonym: Pocillopora danae)
Vulnerable (IUCN)[178] Native to Pacific Ocean[178]
Porites horizontalata Vulnerable (IUCN)[179] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[179]
Porites nigrescens Vulnerable (IUCN)[180] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[180]
Turbinaria mesenterina Vulnerable (IUCN)[181] Native to Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean[144]
Turbinaria reniformis
Vulnerable (IUCN)[182] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[182]
Turbinaria stellulata
Vulnerable (IUCN)[183] Native to Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean[163]

Corals listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN[137]

[edit]

Crustaceans

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Coconut crab Birgus latro
Vulnerable (IUCN)[184] Native to Indian Ocean and eastern Pacific Ocean[184]

Recovered species

[edit]
Common name Scientific name Image US Fish & Wildlife conservation status IUCN Red List status Notes
Tinian monarch Monarcha takatsukasae
On the USFWS endangered species list since 1970 but delisted in 2004 due to recovery of population.[185] In 2013, the Center for Biological Diversity petitioned for the species to again be listed as endangered, but the USFWS determined that protected status was not warranted.[186] Near Threatened (IUCN)[187] Native to Tinian, and introduced to Guguan

References

[edit]
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  184. ^ a b "Coconut Crab - Birgus latro". IUCN Red List. 2020. Retrieved 2024-09-28.
  185. ^ "Tinian Monarch (old world flycatcher) (Monarcha takatsukasae)". U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service: ECOS Environmental Conservation Online System. Retrieved 2024-09-02.
  186. ^ "83 FR 65127 65134: 12-Month Findings on Petitions to List 13 Species as Endangered or Threatened Species; Notice of 12-month petition findings". ECOS (Environmental Conservation Online System): Tinian Monarch (old world flycatcher) (Monarcha takatsukasae). 2018-12-19. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
  187. ^ "Monarcha takatsukasae". IUCN Red List. 2022. Retrieved 2024-09-28.
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